Lærdal

Lærdal is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the south side of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Lærdalsøyri. The old Filefjell Kongevegen road passes through Lærdal on its way to Valdres and later to Oslo.

For the manufacturer of medical equipment, see Laerdal.
Lærdal kommune
Leirdal herred (historic)
Municipality
View of Lærdalsøyri
View of Lærdalsøyri
Flag of Lærdal kommune
Flag
Coat of arms of Lærdal kommune
Coat of arms
Official logo of Lærdal kommune
Vestland within
Norway
Lærdal within Vestland
Lærdal within Vestland
Coordinates: 61°03′04″N 07°35′52″E
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictSogn
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreLærdalsøyri
Government
 • Mayor (2019)Audun Mo (Ap)
Area
 • Total1,342.52 km2 (518.35 sq mi)
 • Land1,275.42 km2 (492.44 sq mi)
 • Water67.10 km2 (25.91 sq mi)  5%
 • Rank#71 in Norway
Population
 (2022)
 • Total2,117
 • Rank#274 in Norway
 • Density1.7/km2 (4/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −4%
DemonymLærdøl[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4642
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

The 1,343-square-kilometre (519 sq mi) municipality is the 71st largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway (with over half of this area consisting of mountains). Lærdal is the 274th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,117. The municipality's population density is 1.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.4/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4% over the previous 10-year period.[3][4]

The Lærdal river valley is long, running from Hemsedal (Høgeloft mountain) and the Filefjell mountains in the east to the Sognefjorden in the west. About half of the municipal residents live in the main village of Lærdalsøyri; the rest in the small villages in the surrounding valleys such as Borgund, Ljøsne, Tønjum, Erdal, Vindedalen, Frønningen, and Strendene. The Old Lærdalsøyri village has 161 protected buildings. Some of the houses there date back to the mid-18th century. On the night of 18–19 January 2014, a major fire destroyed at least 30 buildings.[5]

General information
Borgund stave church

Lærdal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In the 19th century, the name was sometimes spelled Leerdahl or Leirdal. The municipality of 1838 was created to be identical to the Lærdal parish (prestegjeld) that included the sub-parishes (sokn) of Borgund, Tønjum, Hauge, and Aardal. In 1863, the northeastern sub-parish of Aardal (population: 1,791) was separated from Lærdal to form a separate municipality. In 1864, the eastern sub-parish of Borgund (population: 963) was separated from Lærdal to form its own municipality. This left Lærdal with 2,777 residents.[6][7]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, Lærdal (population: 1,755) was merged with the municipality of Borgund (population: 492) and the Muggeteigen, Luggenes, and Bergmål farms (population: 11) along the Sognefjorden from the municipality of Årdal. After the merger, Lærdal had a total of 2,258. On 1 January 1992, the Frønningen area (population: 32) of Leikanger Municipality was transferred to Lærdal municipality.[6][7]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly created Vestland county after Sogn og Fjordane and Hordaland counties were merged.

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old village of Lærdal (Old Norse: Lærardalr). The first element is the genitive case of the old name of the local river Lærr. The meaning of the river name is unknown. The last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale".[8]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 18 December 1987. The official blazon is "Gules, two dragon heads bendwise Or" (Norwegian: På raud grunn to gull drakehovud i skrå rekkje). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is two dragon heads aligned diagonally. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The dragon heads are based on the wooden dragons seen on the gables of the historic Borgund Stave Church that was built around 1150 in Lærdal. The arms were designed by Inge Rotevatn. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

Churches

The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Lærdal. It is part of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Lærdal
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
BorgundBorgund ChurchBorgund1868
Borgund Stave Churchc. 1150
HaugeHauge ChurchLærdalsøyri1868
TønjumTønjum ChurchTønjum1832

Government

All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality falls under the Sogn og Fjordane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Lærdal is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the council is as follows:

Lærdal kommunestyre 2020–2023 [13]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2016–2019 [14]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2012–2015 [15]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2008–2011 [14]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2004–2007 [14]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2000–2003 [14]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1996–1999 [16]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1992–1995 [17]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 11
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1988–1991 [18]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Joint list of the Centre Party (Senterpartiet), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1984–1987 [19]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Joint list of the Centre Party (Senterpartiet), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1980–1983 [20]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 12
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1976–1979 [21]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), Liberal Party (Venstre), and New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 11
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1972–1975 [22]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1968–1971 [23]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1964–1967 [24]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lærdal heradsstyre 1960–1963 [25]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:21
Lærdal heradsstyre 1956–1959 [26]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 8
Total number of members:21
Lærdal heradsstyre 1952–1955 [27]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 9
Total number of members:24
Lærdal heradsstyre 1948–1951 [28]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 15
Total number of members:24
Lærdal heradsstyre 1945–1947 [29]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 11
Total number of members:24
Lærdal heradsstyre 1938–1941* [30]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:24
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

The mayor (ordførar) of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. The mayors of Lærdal:[31]

  • 1838-1843: Nils Rossing Bull
  • 1844-1845: Jan Henrik Nitter Hansen
  • 1846-1847: Hannibal Winsnes
  • 1848-1857: Nils Rossing Bull
  • 1858-1859: Jan Rumohr
  • 1860-1863: Jørgen Christian Lindstrøm
  • 1864-1871: Jan Rumohr
  • 1872-1875: Søren Schelderup
  • 1876-1877: David Anderson Raa
  • 1878-1879: Baard Lysne
  • 1880-1881: Tøger Ravn
  • 1882-1888: Otto Blehr
  • 1889-1891: Peder Th. Tønjum
  • 1896-1898: Gerhard Dahl
  • 1899-1901: Tøger Ravn
  • 1908-1910: Hans H. Michelsen
  • 1911-1913: Haakon Mo
  • 1914-1916: Hans H. Michelsen
  • 1917-1922: Olav Skjær
  • 1923-1925: Nils Lysne
  • 1926-1937: Olav Skjær
  • 1938-1942: Per Severin Hjermann (Bp)
  • 1942-1945: Petter Klingenberg (NS)
  • 1945-1954: Per Severin Hjermann (Bp)
  • 1954-1959: Egil Natvik (V)
  • 1960-1963: Ingebrigt Eri (Sp)
  • 1964-1975: Anders Lunden (Ap)
  • 1976-1979: Per Hjermann (Sp)
  • 1980-1981: Knut L. Blaaflat (Sp)
  • 1982-1989: Knut O. Hegg (Sp)
  • 1990-1999: Hans A. Tønjum (Sp)
  • 1999-2003: Olav Wendelbo (Sp)
  • 2003–2007: Knut O. Aarethun (Ap)
  • 2007–2011: Arne Sanden (Ap)
  • 2011–2019: Jan Geir Solheim (Sp)
  • 2019–present: Audun Mo (Ap)

Twin towns – Sister cities

Lærdal has sister city agreements with the following places:

Geography
The river near Jutlamannen

Lærdal is located southeast of the Sognefjorden and east of the Aurlandsfjorden. The municipality is centered on the Lærdalselvi River with the Filefjell and Hemsedalsfjell mountain ranges on its east. Lærdal is bordered in Vestland county by the municipality of Aurland to the southwest, Sogndal to the northwest, and Årdal to the north. It is also bordered on the east by Vang (Innlandet county) and Hemsedal (Viken county), and in the south by Ål and Hol (both in Viken county).

The lakes Eldrevatnet, Juklevatnet, and Øljusjøen are located along the southeastern border, south of the mountain Høgeloft.

Climate

Lærdal is situated near the head of Sognefjorden. The very long fjord snakes past mountain ranges on its way from the sea inland to Lærdal, and the mountains create a rain shadow effect for the innermost part of the fjord, making Lærdal much drier than the coast, with just 20% of Bergen's precipitation. The mountains also sometimes gives a föhn effect in winter for Lærdal. The climate of Lærdal is a thus a mix of oceanic and continental features. Lærdal has a humid continental climate, or a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb), depending on winter threshold (0 °C (32 °F) as used in US or −3 °C (27 °F) as in the original Köppen climate classification). The record high 33.4 °C (92.1 °F) was recorded both July 2018 and July 2019. The all-time low −21.8 °C (−7.2 °F) is from January 1942.

Climate data for Lærdal 1991-2020 (2 m, Lærdal IV, extremes 1871-2020 includes earlier stations)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.9
(60.6)		 15.3
(59.5)		 16.8
(62.2)		 21.5
(70.7)		 28.3
(82.9)		 31
(88)		 33.4
(92.1)		 31
(88)		 25.1
(77.2)		 23.6
(74.5)		 18.7
(65.7)		 16.2
(61.2)		 33.4
(92.1)
Average high °C (°F) 2
(36)		 2
(36)		 6
(43)		 11
(52)		 16
(61)		 19
(66)		 21
(70)		 20
(68)		 15
(59)		 9
(48)		 5
(41)		 2
(36)		 11
(51)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 2.3
(36.1)		 6.4
(43.5)		 10.2
(50.4)		 13.6
(56.5)		 15.9
(60.6)		 14.8
(58.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 5.9
(42.6)		 2.2
(36.0)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 6.7
(44.0)
Average low °C (°F) −2
(28)		 −3
(27)		 −1
(30)		 3
(37)		 6
(43)		 9
(48)		 12
(54)		 11
(52)		 8
(46)		 3
(37)		 0
(32)		 −2
(28)		 4
(39)
Record low °C (°F) −21.8
(−7.2)		 −21.1
(−6.0)		 −16.7
(1.9)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 3.3
(37.9)		 2.8
(37.0)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 −16.7
(1.9)		 −19.4
(−2.9)		 −21.8
(−7.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 45.8
(1.80)		 25.8
(1.02)		 32.1
(1.26)		 27.3
(1.07)		 29.6
(1.17)		 43.7
(1.72)		 50
(2.0)		 57
(2.2)		 55.3
(2.18)		 49.3
(1.94)		 44.7
(1.76)		 47.5
(1.87)		 508.1
(19.99)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9 8 7 5 7 9 9 10 11 9 8 8 100
Source 1: Norwegian Meteorological Institute/eklima (extremes)[32] yr.no/met.no (means and precipitation) [33]
Source 2: Weatheronline climate robot (average highs/lows)[34]

Lærdal tunnel

The Lærdalstunnel was built through the Aurlandsfjell mountains dividing Aurland from Lærdal. It is the world's longest road tunnel (as of 2020) at 24.5 kilometres (15.2 mi). Construction began in 1995 and was completed in 2000.[35]

Lærdalselvi river
Lærdal river near Borgund Stave Church

The River Lærdalselvi was traditionally one of the most exclusive salmon and sea trout rivers in Norway. Known by the Norwegian King Harald V as his second Queen, the river has established Lærdal as one of the meccas of salmon and sea trout fly fishing, among others for the unusual fact that the river offers daylight fishing and dry fly fishing for sea trout. The salmon population was drastically depleted after an infestation with the salmon parasite Gyrodactylus salaris in the fall of 1996. After several treatments with aluminium sulfate, there are still problems with the parasite. In fall 2007, a smolt was again found infected by the parasite, and new treatments started in late March 2008. Because of this parasite, the river was closed to angling for the 2008 season.

The river has formed a large delta at Lærdalsøyri, where huge amounts of silt and sand have been deposited by the river. Although the area has been spoiled by some unfortunate landfills it is still a sight worth seeing.

Economy

Lærdal has long traditions in farming, with the lower region of the valley being great for vegetable crops. Because of its dry climate it was one of the first places in Norway to begin the use of artificial irrigation. Despite having an inland climate, the water in the fjord keeps the winters from getting too cold.

The local Western Norway Regional Health Authority hospital provides medical care for Lærdal itself and seven of the surrounding municipalities. The hospital, together with Opplysningen 1881 (directory assistance company), Østfold Energiproduksjon A/S and Norsk Hydro Aluminium Production Facilities in Årdal, are the major employers in Lærdal. The local government and health authority is trying to close this hospital due to cost cutting, which may have negative effects on the area.

Notable people
Ragnhild Sælthun Fjørtoft, 2011
  • Lærdalsøyri
    Lærdalsøyri
  • Lærdalsøyri
    Lærdalsøyri
  • Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
    Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
  • Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
    Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
  • Lærdal
    Lærdal
  • Lærdal tunnel
    Lærdal tunnel
  • Lærdal tunnel cave
    Lærdal tunnel cave
  • Store Jukleeggi – Mountain in Lærdal
    Store Jukleeggi – Mountain in Lærdal

References
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  3. Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  4. Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. "Blaze threatens historic wood village in Laerdal Norway". 19 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  6. Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  7. Natvik, Oddvar (9 February 2005). "Some historical data on the 26 Kommunes". Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
  8. Rygh, Oluf (1919). Norske gaardnavne: Nordre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (12 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 60–61.
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  10. "Lærdal, Sogn og Fjordane (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  11. "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 18 December 1987. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
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  14. "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  15. "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Sogn og Fjordane". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
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  21. "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  22. "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
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  24. "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
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  29. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
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  31. "Ordførarar i Lærdal kommune". NRK Fylkesleksikon (in Norwegian Nynorsk). Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  32. "Norwegian Meteorological Institute".
  33. "yr.no Lærdal". yr.no by Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  34. "Weatheronline climate robot (Molde average high and low 1996-2020)".
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