Colt ACR

The Colt ACR was Colt's entry in the U.S. DoD Advanced Combat Rifle program, which concluded with the result that none of the entrants achieved enough of an improvement over the M16 to be worth the cost.

Colt ACR
Colt ACR/M16A2E2 (centre)
TypeAssault rifle
Place of originUnited States
Production history
DesignerColt's Manufacturing Company
Designed1982
ManufacturerColt's Manufacturing Company
Specifications
Mass3.306 kg (7.29 lb) without magazine and sight
Length1,031 mm (40.6 in) (Stock extended)
933 mm (36.7 in) (Stock retracted)
Cartridge5.56×45mm M855 or Duplex
ActionGas-operated, rotating bolt (direct impingement)
Muzzle velocity948 m/s (3,110 ft/s) (M855)
884 m/s (2,900 ft/s) (Duplex)
Effective firing range325 m (355 yd) (Duplex Ammunition)
Feed system30-cartridge detachable box magazine
Sights×3.5 telescope or interchangeable iron sight
From top to bottom, The final four ACR test rifles from AAI, H&K, Steyr, and Colt

The Colt ACR was not a total loss, however; the scope went on to be offered by Elcan as the C79, a version of which was eventually adopted as the M145 Machine Gun Optic used on a number of firearms, especially those from Diemaco (now Colt Canada).

Overview

The main differences of the Colt ACR and the M16A2 is the distinctive furniture. The handguard included a heat-resistant inner lining, vent holes for lightening and air cooling with a thickened ring around the front end to act as a handstop. This was topped with an elevated sight track rib with a white stripe to improve fast target acquisition. The pistol grip was longer and of a different profile than a traditional M16A2, and the rifle featured ambidextrous fire control selectors, removable scope and a streamlined 6 position telescopic stock. Lastly the rifle featured a flash-hider and a Muzzle Brake Compensator (MBC) designed to reduce recoil and compensate for muzzle climb. [1][2]

Internally, an oil spring buffer was added to the lower receiver to control the cyclic rate and help reduce felt recoil. Combined with the MBC, these changes reduced felt recoil by 40 per cent compared to a standard M16A2.

Ammunition

The key design change was the use of "duplex rounds", a single cartridge with two bullets in it. Olin Corporation produced three different rounds for testing, the first consisting of two tungsten projectiles in a long-necked case, the second used a standard-length case with two 1.7 grams (27 gr), 4.0-millimetre (0.158 in) tungsten projectiles, and the final entry was another standard-length case with two 5.7-millimetre (0.224 in) projectiles, one 2.3 grams (35 gr) the other 2.1 g (33 gr). The latter was eventually selected for submission to the ACR trials. The basic idea of the duplex load is to increase the number of projectiles fired, which is the primary determinant of battlefield casualties.[3] However, they significantly reduced accuracy, leading to a maximum effective range of 325 m (1,066 ft) and requiring the user to also carry traditional ammunition for long-range shots.[2]

See also

References
  1. The World's Assault Rifles By Gary Paul Johnston, Thomas B. Nelson
  2. Hogg, Ian V. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1994-1995. Jane's Information Group. 1994
  3. Ezell, Edward Clinton (1983). Small Arms of the World. New York: Stackpole Books. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-88029-601-4.
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