Combe, Oxfordshire
Combe is a village and civil parish about 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Witney in Oxfordshire. It is bounded to the south and southwest by the River Evenlode, to the northwest partly by the course of the Akeman Street Roman road and partly by a road parallel with it, and to the east by the boundary of Blenheim Great Park. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 768.[1]
| Combe | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Combe Location within Oxfordshire | |
| Population | 768 (2011 Census) |
| OS grid reference | SP4116 |
| Civil parish |
|
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Witney |
| Postcode district | OX29 |
| Dialling code | 01993 |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Oxfordshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
| UK Parliament | |
| Website | Combe Parish Council |
Church and chapel
Church of England
The Church of England parish church of St Laurence dates from the 12th century but was rebuilt in the late 14th century for Eynsham Abbey. Its interior has several 15th-century wall paintings,[2] which were rediscovered during restoration work in 1892.[3] St Laurence's is a Grade I listed building.[4] St Laurence's bell tower has a ring of six bells, cast by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough in 1924,[5] and a clock built by John Smith and Sons of Derby in 1948.[6]
Methodist
Combe has had a Methodist congregation since about the 1770s, when it used to meet in a house called Wedgehook in Bolton's Lane. Three meeting houses were registered in Combe: one in East End in 1823, and two elsewhere in the village in 1827 and 1829.[7] Combe's first Methodist chapel was a Wesleyan one built in 1835 at the eastern edge of the village. Methodism in Britain suffered a schism that led to the founding of the Wesleyan Reform Union in 1859, and as a result the congregation at Combe split.
A United Methodist Free chapel in front of a row of cottages southwest of the village green was built in 1861–63 and enlarged in 1882. In 1893 the original Wesleyan chapel at the east end of the village was rebuilt, with the 9th Duke of Marlborough laying the foundation stone.[7] In 1932 Britain's three largest Methodist denominations merged to form what is now the Methodist Church of Great Britain. Combe's congregation united to use the Wesleyan chapel at the east end of the village. The United Free Methodist chapel near the village green was closed and is now a private house.[7]
Economic and social history
Combe House was built in the 16th[8] or early 17th[9] century and extended in about 1800[8] or 1812.[9] It used to be the vicarage.[8] Combe Bridge is a stone bridge on the minor road linking the village with Long Hanborough. It spans the Evenlode where the river forms the boundary with Hanborough parish. The bridge was rebuilt in the 18th century with two arches for the river and flood arches either side.[10]
The Duke of Marlborough's Blenheim estate adjoins the village. The estate's former sawmill, Combe Mill, is now a working museum.[11] It was originally powered by a leat from the Evenlode that turned a breastshot water wheel.[12] It also has a steam-powered rotative beam engine[13] driven by a Cornish boiler,[14] both of which were added in 1852. In 1926 the old water wheel was replaced with a more efficient Poncelet wheel. The mill is now a Grade II* listed building.[15]
The Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway was built along the Evenlode valley through the southern part of the parish and opened in 1852. It was operated by the Great Western Railway, which took it over in 1863. In 1935 the GWR opened Combe Halt, where the line crosses the road to Long Hanborough near the sawmill. It is now Combe railway station and the railway is the Cotswold Line. The 75th anniversary of Combe Halt's creation was celebrated with the children of Combe C of E Primary school using the line to travel to Worcester.
Amenities
Combe has a public house, the Cock Inn,[16] that was built late in the 17th or early in the 18th century.[17] It is beside the village green, which is the setting for four of Combe's seasonal festivals: a children's Maypole dance, a Summer Ball, a travelling funfair in the autumn and a firework display on Guy Fawkes Night. Combe has a Church of England primary school.[18] Combe has a Women's Institute.[19]
Public Transport
On weekdays, one train service a day calls at Combe railway station in each direction.[20] There is an hourly bus service to Oxford and in the other direction Charlbury - which stops in Stonesfield Road.[21]
References
- "Area: Combe (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 551–552.
- Crossley & Elrington 1990, pp. 92–96.
- Historic England. "Church of St Lawrence (Grade I) (1283757)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- Davies, Peter (12 December 2006). "Combe S Laurence". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
- Beeson 1989, p. 36.
- Crossley & Elrington 1990, pp. 96–97.
- Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 552–553.
- Historic England. "Combe House and attached wall (Grade II) (1053003)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- Historic England. "Combe Bridge (Grade II) (1367933)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- Combe Mill
- "Water Wheel". Overview of what you can see. Combe Mill Society. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- "Beam Engine". Overview of what you can see. Combe Mill Society. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- "Cornish Boiler". Overview of what you can see. Combe Mill Society. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- Historic England. "Combe Mill (Grade II*) (1053004)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- The Cock Inn
- Historic England. "The Cock Inn (Grade II) (1053015)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- Combe CE Primary School
- "Your Nearest WI". Oxfordshire Federation of Women's Institutes. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- "Cotswolds Line Timetable" (PDF). GWR Cotswolds Line Timetable. GWR. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- "S3 Timetable" (PDF). Stagecoach S3 Timetable. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
Sources and further reading
- Beeson, C.F.C. (1989) [1962]. Simcock, A.V. (ed.). Clockmaking in Oxfordshire 1400–1850 (3rd ed.). Oxford: Museum of the History of Science. pp. 35–36. ISBN 0-903364-06-9.
- Crossley, Alan; Elrington, C.R., eds. (1990). "Combe". A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. Vol. 12: Wootton Hundred (South) including Woodstock. London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research. pp. 75–98. ISBN 978-0-19722-774-9.
- Emden, C.E. (1970). Combe Church and Village.
- Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 551–553. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.
- Speake, George (2012). "An Early Romano-British Villa at Combe East End". Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society. LXXVII: 1–90. ISSN 0308-5562.
External links
