Cora (fungus)
Cora is a large genus of basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae. Modern molecular phylogenetics research has revealed a rich biodiversity in this largely tropical genus.
| Cora | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cora pavonia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hygrophoraceae |
| Genus: | Cora Fr. (1825) |
| Type species | |
| Cora pavonia | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Taxonomy
Cora was originally circumscribed by the Swedish "Father of Mycology", Elias Magnus Fries, in 1825. He included a single species, until then known as Thelephora pavonia Weber & D.Mohr.[2] Until relatively recently, Cora was thought to contain one species,[3] or was placed into synonymy with Dictyonema.[4] Cora was recognized as an independent genus separate from Dictyonema in 2013.[5][6] Molecular phylogenetic analysis using DNA barcoding of the internal transcribed spacer region has revealed the existence of almost 200 species in the genus, and about 450 species are predicted to exist.[6][7][8][9]
Habitat and distribution
Mexico and (at least formerly) Florida are the northernmost distribution points for the genus Cora, while its southernmost locale is southern Chile.[9] It has its highest biodiversity in the northern Andes.[9] Biogeographic data suggests that Cora originated in South America and expanded eastward.[10] The vast majority (95%) of the known species are found in the Americas, but the genus has also been recorded from tropical Africa, tropical Asia, and South Atlantic islands. Twelve species and subspecies have been described from Mexico;[11] the only species known to have occurred north of Mexico is the possibly extinct Cora timucua, which is known to have formerly existed in Florida.[12]
Species
As of January 2022, Species Fungorum accepts 90 species in genus Cora.[13]
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Cora glabrata, Chile
Cora species growing as an epiphyte in Machu Picchu, Peru
- Cora accipiter Moncada, Madriñán & Lücking (2016)[14] – northern Andes, South America
- Cora applanata Moncada, Soto-Medina & Lücking (2016)[15] – northern Andes, South America
- Cora arachnodavidea Moncada, Dal-Forno & Lücking (2016)[16] – Colombia
- Cora arachnoidea J.E.Hern. & Lücking (2013)[17] – northern Andes; Costa Rican Cordilleras
- Cora arborescens Dal-Forno, Chaves & Lücking (2016)[8] – Costa Rica
- Cora arcabucana Moncada, C.Rodríguez & Lücking (2016)[18] – Colombia
- Cora aspera Wilk, Lücking & E.Morales (2013)[19] – Costa Rica; Colombia; Ecuador; Bolivia; Peru
- Cora aturucoa Lücking, Moncada & C.Vargas (2016)[20] – Colombia
- Cora auriculeslia Moncada, Yánez-Ayabaca & Lücking (2016)[20] – Ecuador
- Cora barbifera Moncada, Patiño & Lücking (2016)[21] – Colombia
- Cora barbulata Lücking, Dal-Forno & Lawrey (2015)[22]
- Cora benitoana Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[23] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora boleslia Lücking, E.Morales & Dal-Forno (2016)[24] – central Andes, Bolivia
- Cora buapana Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[25] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora byssoidea Lücking & Moncada (2013)[26] – Colombia
- Cora caliginosa Holgado, Rivas Plata & Perlmutter (2016)[24] – Peru
- Cora campestris Dal-Forno, Eliasaro & A.A.Spielm. (2016)[27] – Brazil
- Cora canari Nugra, Dal-Forno & Lücking (2016)[27] – Ecuador
- Cora caraana Lücking, S.M.Martins & Lucheta (2016)[28] – Brazil
- Cora casanarensis L.Y.Vargas, Moncada & Lücking (2014)[29] – Colombia
- Cora casasolana Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2016)[30] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora caucensis Moncada, M.C.Gut. & Lücking (2016)[30] – Colombia
- Cora celestinoa Moncada, Cabr.-Amaya & Lücking (2016)[31] – Colombian Andes
- Cora ciferrii (Tomas.) Lücking, A.Grall & Thüs (2014)[32]
- Cora comaltepeca Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Herrera-Camp. (2016)[31] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora corani Lücking, E.Morales & Dal-Forno (2016)[33] – Bolivia
- Cora corelleslia Moncada, Suár.-Corr. & Lücking (2016)[34] – Colombia
- Cora crispoleslia Moncada, J.A.Molina & Lücking (2016)[34] – northern Andes (Colombia, Ecuador)
- Cora cuzcoensis Holgado, Rivas Plata & Perlmutter (2016)[35] – Peru
- Cora cyphellifera Dal-Forno, Bungartz & Lücking (2013)[36] – Ecuador
- Cora dalehana Moncada, Madriñán & Lücking (2016)[35] – Colombia
- Cora davibogotana Lücking, Moncada & Coca (2016)[37] – Colombia
- Cora davicrinita Moncada, Madriñán & Lücking (2016)[38] – northern Andes (Colombia, Ecuador)
- Cora davidia Moncada, L.Y.Vargas & Lücking (2016)[38] – northern Andes (Colombia and Ecuador)
- Cora dewisanti Moncada, Suár.-Corr. & Lücking (2016)[39] – northern Andes (Venezuela to Ecuador)
- Cora dulcis Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2016)[40] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora elephas Lücking, Moncada & L.Y.Vargas (2016)[41] – Colombia; Ecuador
- Cora fimbriata L.Y.Vargas, Moncada & Lücking (2014)[29] – Colombia
- Cora fuscodavidiana Lücking, Moncada & L.Y.Vargas (2016)[42] – Colombia
- Cora galapagoensis Dal-Forno, Bungartz & Lücking (2017)[43] – Galapagos Islands
- Cora garagoa Simijaca, Moncada & Lücking (2016)[42] – Colombia
- Cora gigantea Lücking, Moncada & Coca (2016)[44] – Colombia
- Cora glabrata (Spreng.) Fr. (1838)
- Cora gomeziana Dal-Forno, Chaves & Lücking (2016)[44] – Costa Rica
- Cora guajalitensis Lücking, Robayo & Dal-Forno (2016)[45] – Ecuador
- Cora guzmaniana Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[46] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora hafecesweorthensis Moncada, Lücking & R.-E.Peláez (2016)[47] – Colombia
- Cora haledana Dal-Forno, Chaves & Lücking (2016)[47] – Costa Rica
- Cora hawksworthiana Dal-Forno, P.R.Nelson & Lücking (2016)[48] – Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica
- Cora hirsuta (Moncada & Lücking) Moncada & Lücking (2013)[6]
- Cora hochesuordensis Lücking, E.Morales & Dal-Forno (2016)[49] – Bolivia
- Cora hymenocarpa Lücking, Chaves & Lawrey (2016)[49] – Costa Rica
- Cora imi Lücking, Chaves & Lawrey (2016)[50] – Costa Rica
- Cora inversa Lücking & Moncada (2013)[51] – Colombia
- Cora itabaiana Dal-Forno, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[52] – Brazil
- Cora ixtlanensis Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[53] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora lawreyana Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[54] – Veracruz, Mexico
- Cora leslactuca Lücking, Moncada & R.-E.Peláez (2016)[52] – Colombia
- Cora marusae Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[55] – Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cora maxima Wilk, Dal-Forno & Lücking (2016)[56] – Bolivia
- Cora minor (Lücking, E.Navarro & Sipman) Lücking (2013)[6]
- Cora minutula Lücking, Moncada & Yánez-Ayabaca (2016)[56] – Ecuador
- Cora palaeotropica Weerakoon, Aptroot & Lücking (2016)[57] – Sri Lanka
- Cora palustris Dal-Forno, Chaves & Lücking (2016)[57] – Costa Rica
- Cora parabovei Dal-Forno, Kukwa & Lücking (2016)[58] – Bolivia
- Cora paraciferrii Lücking, Moncada & J.E.Hern. (2016)[59] – northern Andes (Colombia and Venezuela)
- Cora paraminor Dal-Forno, Chaves & Lücking (2016)[60] – Costa Rica
- Cora pastorum Moncada, Patiño & Lücking (2016)[60] – Colombia
- Cora pavonia (Weber & D.Mohr) Fr. (1838)
- Cora pichinchensis Paredes, Jonitz & Dal-Forno (2016)[61] – Ecuadorian Andes
- Cora pikynasa J.-M.Torres, Moncada & Lücking (2016)[61] – Colombia
- Cora pseudobovei Wilk, Dal-Forno & Lücking (2016)[62] – Bolivia
- Cora pseudocorani Lücking, E.Morales & Dal-Forno (2016)[62] – Bolivia
- Cora putumayensis L.J.Arias, Moncada & Lücking (2016)[63] – Colombia
- Cora quillacinga Moncada, F.Ortega & Lücking (2016)[63] – Colombia
- Cora rothesiorum Moncada, Madriñán & Lücking (2016)[64] – Colombia
- Cora rubrosanguinea Nugra, Moncada & Lücking (2016)[65] – Ecuador
- Cora sanctae-helenae Lücking (2015)[10] – Saint Helena
- Cora santacruzensis Dal-Forno, Bungartz & Yánez-Ayabaca (2016)[65] – Galapagos, Ecuador
- Cora schizophylloides Moncada, C.Rodríguez & Lücking (2016)[66] – Colombia
- Cora setosa L.Y.Vargas, Moncada & Lücking (2014)[29] – Colombia
- Cora smaragdina Lücking, Rivas Plata & Chaves (2016)[67] – Costa Rica
- Cora soredavidia Dal-Forno, Marcelli & Lücking (2016)[67] – Costa Rica
- Cora squamiformis Wilk, Lücking & Yánez-Ayabaca (2013)[68] – Ecuadorian and Bolivian high Andes
- Cora strigosa Lücking, E.Paz & L.Salcedo (2013)[69] – Peru
- Cora subdavicrinita Moncada, J.A. Molina & Lücking (2016)[70] – northern Andes (Colombia, Ecuador)
- Cora suturifera Nugra, Besal & Lücking (2016)[70] – Ecuador
- Cora terrestris Dal-Forno, Chaves & Lücking (2016)[71] – Costa Rica
- Cora terricoleslia Wilk, Dal-Forno & Lücking (2016)[72] – Bolivia
- Cora timucua Lücking, Kaminsky, Perlmutter, Lawrey & Dal-Forno (2020)[12] – Florida, United States (possibly extinct)
- Cora totonacorum Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[73] – Veracruz, Mexico
- Cora trindadensis Lücking, M.Cáceres, N.G.Silva & R.J.V.Alves (2015)[10] – Ilha da Trindade (Brazil)
- Cora udebeceana Moncada, R.-E.Peláez & Lücking (2016)[72] – Colombia
- Cora undulata L.Y.Vargas, Moncada & Lücking (2014)[29] – Colombia
- Cora urceolata Moncada, Coca & Lücking (2016)[74] – Colombia
- Cora verjonensis Lücking, Moncada & Dal-Forno (2016)[74] – Colombia
- Cora viliewoa Lücking, Chaves & Soto-Medina (2016)[75] – Costa Rica; Colombia; Ecuador
- Cora yukiboa Merc.-Díaz, Moncada & Lücking (2016)[76] – Puerto Rico
- Cora zapotecorum Moncada, R.-E.Pérez & Lücking (2019)[77] – Oaxaca, Mexico
References
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Cited literature
- Lücking, Robert; Dal-Forno, Manuela; Lawrey, James D.; Bungartz, Frank; Rojas, María E. Holgado; Hernández M., Jesús E.; Marcelli, Marcelo P.; Moncada, Bibiana; Morales, Eduardo A.; Nelsen, Matthew P.; Paz, Elias; Salcedo, Luis; Spielmann, Adriano A.; Wilk, Karina; Will-Wolf, Susan; Yánez-Ayabaca, Alba (2013). "Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade". Phytotaxa. 139 (1): 1–38. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.139.1.1.
- Lücking, Robert; Forno, Manuela Dal; Moncada, Bibiana; Coca, Luis Fernando; Vargas-Mendoza, Leidy Yasmín; Aptroot, André; Arias, Laura Juliana; Besal, Betty; Bungartz, Frank; Cabrera-Amaya, Diego Mauricio; Cáceres, Marcela E. S.; Chaves, José Luis; Eliasaro, Sionara; Gutiérrez, Martha Cecilia; Hernández Marin, Jesús E.; de los Ángeles Herrera-Campos, María; Holgado-Rojas, María E.; Jonitz, Harald; Kukwa, Martin; Lucheta, Fabiane; Madriñán, Santiago; Marcelli, Marcelo Pinto; de Azevedo Martins, Suzana Maria; Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Molina, Jorge Alberto; Morales, Eduardo A.; Nelson, Peter R.; Nugra, Freddy; Ortega, Francisco; Paredes, Telma; Patiño, Ayda Lucía; Peláez-Pulido, Rouchi Nadine; Pérez, Rosa Emilia Pérez; Perlmutter, Gary B.; Rivas-Plata, Eimy; Robayo, Javier; Rodríguez, Camilo; Simijaca, Diego Fernando; Soto-Medina, Edier; Spielmann, Adriano Afonso; Suárez-Corredor, Alejandra; Torres, Jean-Marc; Vargas, Carlos Alberto; Yánez-Ayabaca, Alba; Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wilk, Karina; Pacheco, Marcela Celis; Diazgranados, Mauricio; Brokamp, Grischa; Borsch, Thomas; Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Lawrey, James D. (2016). "Turbo-taxonomy to assemble a megadiverse lichen genus: seventy new species of Cora (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), honouring David Leslie Hawksworth's seventieth birthday". Fungal Diversity. 84 (1): 139–207. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0374-9. S2CID 256063070.
- Moncada, Bibiana; Pérez-Pérez, Rosa Emilia; Lücking, Robert (2019). "The lichenized genus Cora (Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) in Mexico: high species richness, multiple colonization events, and high endemism". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 64 (2): 393–411. doi:10.2478/pfs-2019-0026.
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