Corallorhiza

Corallorhiza, the coralroot, is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family. Except for the circumboreal C. trifida,[1] the genus is restricted to North America (including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies).[2][3][4]

Corallorhiza
Corallorhiza trifida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Calypsoinae
Genus: Corallorhiza
Gagnebin
Type species
Corallorhiza trifida
Châtel.
Synonyms
  • Cladorhiza Raf.
  • Rhizocorallon Hall in H.B.Ruppius
  • Corallorrhiza Gagnebin, spelling variation

Most species are putatively parasitic, relying entirely upon mycorrhizal fungi within their coral-shaped rhizomes for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy, they have never been successfully cultivated. Most species are leafless and rootless. Most species produce little or no chlorophyll, and do not utilize photosynthesis. An exception is the yellowish green species Corallorhiza trifida, which has some chlorophyll and is able to fix CO2. However, this species also depends primarily on fungal associations for carbon acquisition.[5][6]

List of species

Many species names have been proposed that are now considered synonyms of other species, or members of other genera. Species accepted as members of Corallorhiza as of As of January 2023:[7]

ImageScientific nameDistribution
Corallorhiza bentleyi Freudenst.Virginia, West Virginia
Corallorhiza bulbosa A.Rich. & GaleottiMexico, Guatemala
Corallorhiza ekmanii Mansf.Haiti, Dominican Republic
Corallorhiza macrantha Schltr.Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guatemala
Corallorhiza maculata Raf.widespread across much of Canada, the United States, Mexico and Guatemala
Corallorhiza mertensiana Bong.Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Washington, California, Wyoming
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.eastern United States and Canada, from Texas to Florida, north to South Dakota, Ontario, Quebec and Maine
Corallorhiza striata Lindl.much of Canada and Mexico; northern and western United States
Corallorhiza trifida ChâtelCanada; northern and western United States; widespread across Europe and Asia including Russia, China, Korea, the Himalayas, Ukraine, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom etc.
Corallorhiza williamsii CorrellMorelos, El Salvador
Corallorhiza wisteriana ConradMexico and much of the United States

See also

References
  1. Altervista Flora Italiana, Coralloriza, Yellow Coralroot, Corallorhiza trifida
  2. Flora of North America, Corallorhiza, v 26 p 633
  3. Freudenstein, J. V. 1997. A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harvard Pap. Bot. 1(10): 5–51.
  4. Gagnebin, Abraham. 1755. Acta Helvetica, Physico-Mathematico-Anatomico-Botanico-Medica 2: 61.
  5. Zimmer, K., et al. (2008). The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco-heterotroph. New Phytologist 178:2 395-400.
  6. Cameron, Duncan D.; Preiss, Katja; Gebauer, Gerhard; Read, David J. (2009-07-01). "The chlorophyll-containing orchid Corallorhiza trifida derives little carbon through photosynthesis". New Phytologist. 183 (2): 358–364. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02853.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 19402877.
  7. "Corallorhiza Gagnebin - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
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