Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire

Cottingham is a large village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies 4 miles (6 km) north-west of the centre of Kingston upon Hull, and 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Beverley on the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds. It forms part of Hull's Urban Area. It has two main shopping streets, Hallgate and King Street, which cross each other near the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, and a market square called Market Green. Cottingham had a population of 17,164 residents in 2011, making it larger by area and population than many towns. As a result, it is one of the villages claiming to be the largest village in England.[2]

Cottingham
Village
Hallgate viewed from the top of the Church of St Mary the Virgin
Cottingham is located in East Riding of Yorkshire
Cottingham
Cottingham
Location within the East Riding of Yorkshire
Population17,164 (2011 census)[1]
OS grid referenceTA046329
• London155 mi (249 km) S
Civil parish
  • Cottingham
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCOTTINGHAM
Postcode districtHU16
Dialling code01482
PoliceHumberside
FireHumberside
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament

History

Origin of name

"Cottingham" is thought to derive from both British and Saxon root words: "Cot" from Ket, relating to the deity Ceridwen; ing a water meadow; and ham meaning home; the name corresponding to "habitation in the water meadows of Ket".[3] The name has also been suggested to derive from a man's name "Cotta" plus -inga- (OE belonging to/named after) and ham; corresponding to "habitation of cotta's people".[4] Archaic spellings include Cotingeham (Domesday, 1086), and Cotingham (Charter, 1156; John Leland, 1770).[5][6]

Medieval period
The parish church of St Mary the Virgin, Cottingham in 1900

The pre-Conquest owner of Cottingham was Gamel, the son of Osbert, during the reign of Edward the Confessor in the 11th century.[7][8] After the Norman Conquest of England the land was in the possession of Hugh fitzBaldric. At this time, the Domesday Book (1086) shows the Cottingham manor included a mill, five fisheries, woodland and farm land.[9] In 1089 the manor was given to Robert Front de Boeuf, founder of the de Stuteville family line.[7] Cottingham was, at this time, in the hundred of Welton in the historic county of Yorkshire.[10]

In 1201, a licence to fortify was obtained by William de Stuteville, marking the beginnings of Baynard Castle, Cottingham.[map 1] The ownership of the manor passed to the de Wake family through de Stuteville's granddaughter Joan, who married Hugh de Wake.[11] In 1327 further licence to crenellate the castle was given to Thomas Wake. According to legend, the manor house at the castle was destroyed by its owner, in 1541, on account of a proposed visit by Henry VIII; the owner, fearing the monarch's intentions towards his wife, sought to prevent the King's visit by ordering the arson of his own home.[12] To the north-west of the village there was a deer park, first recorded in the 13th century. The park was 4 leagues (12 miles) in circumference and located in the area now known as Cottingham Park, including Crowle Park and Burn Park; it is thought to have fallen out of use and been let for pasture by the 16th century.[13][map 2]

Thomas de Cottingham, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England in 1349 and later Master of the Rolls in Ireland, was born in Cottingham in about 1300 and died 1370.

In 1319, Thomas de Wake received a charter allowing Cottingham to have two annual fairs and a weekly market;[11] he also founded an Augustinian priory, licensed in 1320, and built by 1322. Due to potential disputes over the land it was built on, the priory moved to Newton south of Cottingham in 1325, becoming known as Haltemprice Priory.[11][14][map 3]

By 1352, the lordship of Cottingham had passed from the de Wake family through Thomas Wake's sister Margaret Wake, who married Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (1301–1330) to John, 3rd Earl of Kent (1330–1352). On John's death, the manor passed to Margaret's daughter Joan of Kent ('The Fair Maid of Kent'),[15] from whom the estate passed to Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, her eldest son (whose stepfather was Edward the Black Prince).[8] In 1407, with the Holland family line lacking a male heir, Cottingham was divided into three separate manors, known as Cottingham Richmond, Cottingham Westmoreland, and Cottingham Powis – each incorporated into the estates of the Duke of Richmond; the Earl of Westmoreland and Lord Powis through their marriages to Thomas Holland's daughters.[8]

Cottingham parish church, dedicated to St Mary the Virgin, was built between 1272 and 1370; it is a large cruciform stone-built church in a mixture of the decorated and perpendicular Gothic styles. The tower was built in the 15th century.[16][map 4] Nicholas de Luda (died 1382), a capuchin friar, who built or re-built the chancel, is commemorated by a brass in the church.[17][18] The church was designated a Grade I listed building in 1967.[16]

After 1376, dikes were made to supply water to Kingston upon Hull with fresh water from a source between Cottingham and Anlaby; in 1392, some inhabitants of Cottingham and Anlaby rioted, and about 1,000 people laid siege to Kingston upon Hull, threatening to raze it to the ground. The siege was ultimately unsuccessful with some of the ringleaders hanged at York; their complaint was the extraction of water which they said had deprived them of water, as well the dike having damaged their fields.

After 1402, the water supply of Hull was further improved, bringing more hostility from the surrounding area; the construction of the channel was sabotaged, and the builders attacked; later salt water was let into the Hull supply, and the water was tainted with the carcasses of dead animals. Disputes over the matter continued until resort was made to the Pope (Alexander V), whose successor issued an admonitory letter (20 July 1413), urging them to desist for their own spiritual well-being, after which the nuisance ceased.[19]

1500–1850
Southwood Hall, built c. 1660 (2007)

By 1661, the manor house of Southwood Hall had been built to the south-east of the village and is now designated a Grade II* listed building.[20][map 5] A schoolhouse was established in the village by John Wardle in around 1666, near to the churchyard. Wardle also established an almshouse adjacent to it, but died in 1668 before it was completed.[21][22]

In 1712, Mark Kirby left an endowment of land to support the school, renaming the school the Mark Kirby Free School.[23] The church of Saint Mary had pinnacles added to the tower in the 18th century, which may have been strengthened in the same period, other additions included monuments to Ralph Burton (died 1768) and William Burton of Hotham (died 1764).[16] A workhouse, now known as the 'Church House' adjacent to the church grounds was built in 1729 (later modified).[24][25]

A Georgian villa, later known as 'Kingtree House' was built on King Street around 1750 by Hull merchant Samuel Watson. The gardens were noted by Arthur Young on his tour of northern England (c. 1770).[26][27][map 6]

"At this place Mr. Watson has a pleasure-ground, which is very well worth seeing; it consists of shrubberies with winding walks, and the imitation of a meandering river through the whole..."

— Arthur Young, A six months tour through the north of England.[27]
Snuff Mill House, built 1750 (2007)

Snuff was manufactured in the south of the village in the 18th century; towards the end of the century a large mill owned by Quaker William Travis was producing 15 hundredweight of snuff per week.[28][29] William Travis had a three storied house built in 1750 next to the mill.[30][map 7]

The road from Cottingham to Hull connected with the Hull to Beverley Road (turnpiked by Act of 1744) at Newland toll bar; it was turnpiked as an extension of the Hull to Beverley Road in 1764. A road from Beverley to Hessle, connecting with the Cottingham to Newlands turnpike received a turnpiking act in 1769.[31]

William Travis also acquired land on Thwaite Street in the 1770s and by 1795 had built Cottingham Hall, one of the largest dwellings in the village;[32][map 8] it joined other substantial houses including Cottingham House (built pre 1744);[33][map 9] Newgate House (built c. 1784);[34][35][map 10] Eastgate House (begun 1776);[36][map 11] Westfield (1778);[note 1][map 12] 'Green Wickets' (formerly 'Sycamores', built c. 1780s);[38][map 13] and Northgate House (later Northfields House, built 1780, extended in 1820).[39][40][map 14] By the beginning of the 19th century it was noted as:

".. a favourite place of residence for the more opulent portion of the merchants of Hull, ... [with] ..many handsome country houses, gardens and pleasure-grounds."

— Edward Baines, [41]

The population of the village in 1792 was 1178 in 284 houses;[28] in addition to being noted as a desirable place to live, the village was also noted as a centre of market gardening, supplying Hull.[28][42] Other employment activities included two breweries, and a carpet factory (1811).[42]

Several notable houses and halls were constructed in and around Cottingham at around the turn of the 19th century: to the north-west of the village; Cottingham Grange (built 1801);[map 15] and the nearby Harland Rise (built c. 1800);[40] south-east of the village, on the road to Hull, Springfield House, (early 19th or last decade of the 18th century);[43][map 16] within the village: Beech House on Northgate;[44][map 17] and Thwaite House (built between 1803 and 1807).[45][map 18]

In 1814–6, Thomas Thompson (1754–1828) had a large Gothic house built on high ground about 1 mile (2 km) west of Cottingham, having acquired 54 acres (22 ha) of land in 1800; the house became known as Cottingham Castle.[map 19][46][47] The house burnt down in 1861, although a folly tower is still extant.[map 20][48] Thompson also paid for the reconstruction and expansion of a Wesleyan chapel in 1814,[49] (original building built 1803[50]) and was instrumental in the establishment of land set aside for poor families; in 1819 the parish officers reserved 12 acres (4.9 ha) of land, previously used to fund repairs for the church, for the use of twenty families. Originally named Pauper Village, it was renamed "New Village" in 1829.[map 21][42][46]

Zion Chapel, built 1819 (2008)

A chapel for the Independents (Zion Chapel) was established in 1819, replacing a pre-1800 Presbyterian building.[49][50][map 22] The chapel is now designated a Grade II* listed building[51][52] and an adjoining 1802 minister's house is Grade II listed.[53][54] A Primitive Methodist chapel was constructed in 1828.[50][map 23] A new Methodist church was built in 1878/9.[55][map 24]

Elmtree House was built in the early 1800s for John Hebblewhite, Hull draper.[note 2]

By 1837, the population of Cottingham was nearly 2,500, with over 500 houses.[59] The interior and exteriors of the Church of Saint Mary were restored and renovated in 1845 and 1892 respectively. Monuments to Thomas Thompson (died 1828), and Thomas Perronet Thompson were added in the 19th century.[16] The current (2012) Arlington Hall and Mark Kirby school buildings adjacent to the church were built in the mid 19th century.[25][60][61]

The rail network reached Cottingham in October 1846, with the opening of Cottingham railway station and the Hull and Bridlington Railway extension of the Hull and Selby Railway. Cottingham station was built close to and east of the village centre.[62][map 26] After the arrival of the railway housing development began for the middle classes of Hull; resulting in the construction of terraced and semi-detached villas.[63]

1850 to present
Thwaite Street, c. 1900

By the 1850s Cottingham was a substantial village, with housing along its main streets of Northgate, Hallgate, King Street, Newgate Street, South Street, and Thwaite Street.[64] The Provincial Gaslight and Coke Company was established in the 1850s, building a gas works in the village, north of the railway station, at a cost of £3,258.[65][map 27] During the 20th century the gas works site was used for a cloth mill, "Station Mills",[66] owned by Paley & Donkin who produced oil press cloths.[67][note 3] Additional industry developed on the site north-west of the station, including a saw mill. As of 2012 the mill building are still extant, and in industrial/commercial use.[69]

Until 1857, nearby Skidby was part of the parish of Cottingham.[70]

In 1875, Charles Wilson acquired Thwaite House and extended it, converting it into a substantial mansion.[45] General housing development between the 1850s and 1890 was limited, a terrace of houses was built on the eastern part of Hallgate, close to the railway station. By 1910, additional terraces had been built to the north and east of the village close to the railway, on New Village Lane and east of Millhouse Woods Lane.[71]

'Mill Dam' pumping house, late 1800s (2007)

By the 1870s the expansion of Hull was predicted to be such that additional water supply would be needed, and plans for extraction were made for two sites near Cottingham.[72] In 1890 a pumping station ('Mill Dam pumping station') was opened north of the village centre, near Mill Dam stream; built to supply Kingston upon Hull with water from the aquifer via three boreholes.[note 4][map 28] West of the village at Keldgate a reservoir was constructed in 1909 with a capacity of about 10,000,000 imp gal (45,000 m3); representing a day's usage. The reservoir was expanded in the 1930s, with the construction of a second "No.2 reservoir" with a capacity of about 8,000,000 imp gal (36,000 m3).[77][map 29]

In around 1890, a cemetery separate to the churchyard was established, on Eppleworth Road;[78][map 30] the earliest recorded interment dates to 1889.[79] In 1913–6 the development of Castle Hill Hospital began,[map 19] on the site of the former Cottingham Castle house.[48] the initial buildings were a tuberculosis sanitorium,[80] the hospital was extended westwards between 1921 and 1939 with the addition of an infectious diseases hospital.[81]

The large houses Northfields House,[map 14] and Thwaite House,[map 18] were acquired by the nascent Hull University in 1928, converted to halls of residence, and renamed Needler Hall and Thwaite Hall respectively.[40] Both Halls were substantially extended in the period after acquisition for university accommodation use.[45][82] In 1951 the university created another hall of residence, 'Cleminson Hall' on grounds south of Thwaite Hall, the site was expanded for student accommodation in the 1960s.[83][note 5] Cleminson Hall was closed in 2003/4, and the site sold,[85] the site was redeveloped into a housing estate between 2009 and 2012.[86]

During the Second World War, a temporary camp (Harland Way Camp) was constructed near Cottingham Grange. Initially, it housed refugees, and it later became an army transit camp;[87] the grange itself was used as officers quarters. The house was demolished by the 1950s and the site split between the new Cottingham Secondary school and Hull University.[88][89] Hull University built the neo-Georgian block of Ferens Hall in 1956/7 on the army camp site, and in 1963 construction of a large modernist pale-brown brick halls of residence, designed by Gillespie, Kidd & Coia known as The Lawns began on the east side of the same site.[25][89][90][map 32] Cottingham Secondary School (as of 2012 Cottingham High School) opened in 1955, with extension opened in the 1975/8, on the western side of the former Cottingham Grange site.[map 15][88]

Early 20th century terraces, South Street (2007)

The village became increasingly urbanised in the first half of the 20th century, particularly by terraced housing. Additionally the road to Hull was developed, with housing near continuous along it by the 1950s.[91] During the interwar period the boundaries of Hull were expanded, taking in part of Cottingham; the North Hull Estate was constructed on the north-west fringe of the city in the 1930s, and by mid-century, only a narrow strip of green space separated Hull from Cottingham on its eastern boundary near 'New Village'.[92][93]

In the post-Second World War period, extensive urban development and expansion took place, in particular to the south of the village. In this period most of the development was of detached and semi-detached dwellings, often with front and rear gardens. By the mid-1950s Southwood Hall was surrounded by houses. Expansion continued in the later part of the 20th century: there was further housing built to the north of Northgate, as well as a large amount of housing expansion westwards towards Castle Hill Hospital. The development reached an effective maximum extent by the 1970s: in the decades following (up to 2010), a limited amount of extra housing stock was built, mostly infill developments within the urban limit of the 1970s.[94]

The caravan manufacturing company Swift (see Swift Leisure) moved from Hull to a factory north-east of Cottingham in 1970, the company expanded its facilities in the early 2000s, investing £6.8 million in a new factory.[95][map 33] A new connection to the A1079 road 'Beverley Bypass' was built for the upgraded factory development.[96] In 2015 Swift began a 116,250 square feet (10,800 m2) expansion of their factory, with a further 72,656 square feet (6,750.0 m2) of covered storage.[97]

In 1981, the tradition of installing Christmas lights was started by local traders, as a way of increasing trade and adding to the sense of community during the winter season.[98]

Castle Hill Hospital was extended by the addition of an oncology and hematology unit in 2009, The Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, a cardiac unit and additional cancer centre for teenage patients in 2011.[99]

In 1999, the reservoirs at Keldgate were added to with the installation of a water treatment works adjacent to the west;[map 29] the plant had a capacity of 90 ML/d and was supplied with water from the main four local extraction boreholes (Springhead, Keldgate, Cottingham, Dunswell). Treatment facilities included ultrafiltration, modification of plumbosolvency, disinfection and chlorination. The works were designed with an architectural style intended to mimic a local brick and pantile built building. Due to rising levels of nitrate contamination of the groundwater an ion-exchange nitrate removal plant was added in 2009 with a capacity of 33 ML/d; the plant used a rotating schedule of 20 de-nitrating reactors (14 online, 6 in stages of regeneration) with the ion exchange media regeneration phased including an initial backwash fluidisation stage, followed by countercurrent ion-exchange resin recharge.[100]

In the late 2000s, a large 20-acre (8 ha), 13,000 interment capacity cemetery named Priory Woods Cemetery was built on Priory Road, on the southern fringes of the village for the use of Hull City Council.[map 34] The cemetery was opposed by East Riding of Yorkshire Council, and by some local residents but was allowed on an appeal, and formally opened in May 2010.[101]

In 2014, planning permission was granted for up to 125 houses to the west of the village, south of Castle Road, at a site formerly used by Twinacre Nurseries;[102] the first houses were completed by late 2015.[103] An adjacent site was also sought to be developed in the same period – an initial plan for up to 600 houses as part of a mixed use development (2013) was submitted by Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust but rejected;[104][105] an amended and reduced plan for up to 180 dwellings between Willerby Low Road and Castle Road was submitted in 2014 and accepted.[106]

In 2016, planning permission was granted for a 320 home development on a 26 acres (11 ha) site to the north-west of the village, south of Harland Way.[107][108]

Geography

The approximate boundaries of the modern civil parish of Cottingham are the A164 Beverley to Humber Bridge road to the west and Kingston upon Hull to the east. The southern boundary is in fields between the village and Willerby and Hull. The southern half of the parish consists mostly of the town of Cottingham, as well as Castle Hill Hospital.[109][110] The northern half of the parish is primarily agricultural, including glasshouse horticulture and a Traveller site on Wood Hill Way.[111] The only significant non-agricultural industry is the caravan manufacturing site in the north-east of the parish (as of 2012 "Swift Caravans"), with over 607,000 sq ft (56,400 m2) of buildings on a 87-acre (35 ha) site.[95][map 33]

Cottingham is within the Parliamentary constituency of Haltemprice and Howden.[112]

A golf course and leisure club on Wood Hill Way,[113][114] and a major (400/275 kV AC) electricity substation "Creyke Beck",[115][map 35] lie just outside the formal boundaries of the parish, within Skidby civil parish.[110] The substation is the connection point for the GigaWatt-sized Dogger Bank Wind Farm, and two grid batteries at a combined 145 MW power.[116][117]

Historically, Cottingham was noted for its springs: ones to the north of the town formed a north to south riverlet through the town, that drove Snuff Mill; whilst a large and vigorous gypsey existed at Keldgate.[28] Unsustainable levels of water extraction in the area since the 1930s are thought to have reduced water table levels and to have caused the disappearance of springs in the area.[118] There is water supply infrastructure at Keldgate (reservoir,[77] potable water treatment[100][note 6]),[map 29] and a potable water pumping stations: at Cottingham Pumping Station (68.2 ML/d extraction limit 2004[119]);[note 4][map 28] and at Keldgate Spring (15.9 Ml d−1 extraction limit 2004[119][map 36]). As of 2004 the extraction from the Cottingham and Keldgate bores, together with extraction at the nearby Springhead Pumping Station and at Dunswell (45.5 Ml d−1 each[119]) supplies nearly half of Kingston upon Hull's water supply.[120]

In 1991, the population of Cottingham was recorded at 16,528.[121] This had risen to 17,623 at the time of the 2001 UK census.[109] According to the 2011 UK census, the population of the parish dropped to 17,164.[1] Apart from the two Traveller's sites (Woodhill Way and Eppleworth Road) and a small number of farms, there are no habitation centres in the parish outside the main village.[110]

The eastern part of the parish is less than 16-foot (5 m) above sea level, it rises steadily to over 135-foot (41 m) above sea level on the western edge of the parish, which is at the edge of the Yorkshire Wolds hills.[110]

Present day
Council offices on Market Green (2007)

The modern village has two main shopping streets, Hallgate and King Street which cross each other: Hallgate runs east to west from the medieval church to the triangular West Green, near the location of the former Baynard Castle; King Street runs north to south from Northgate to Newgate Street, Market Green (now a car park) is on the southern half of King Street, on the west side, and is the location of the council offices, library and civic hall. A market is held on Market Green on Thursday.[122][123] The area including Hallgate and King Street, plus areas around and east of the railway station including Hull Road are part of a conservation Area as defined by the planning act of 1990.[124]

Cottingham was used by the University of Hull as the site of several of its accommodation campuses: The Lawns to the north-west of the village;[map 32] and Thwaite Hall,[map 18] and Needler's Hall,[map 14] both built on the grounds of late 18th century merchant's houses, and extending the original residences.[note 7] There are several other large halls and houses of distinction within and on the periphery of the village, mostly dating from the late 18th and early 19th century, including Southwood Hall (17th century), Newgate House, Eastgate House, Westfield House, The Green Wickets, Springfield House, Beech House, Elmtree House, 'The Bungalow', and Snuff Mill House.[note 7] Within the historic village boundary there are some humbler buildings dating from the 18th century and earlier, which are now listed,[note 8] The remainder of Cottingham's housing includes post-railway Victorian terraces, as well as a large amount of interwar period and post Second World War housing.[note 7]

There are several public houses in Cottingham; including The Blue Bell and The Fair Maid (formerly Westfield House) on West Green, The Duke of Cumberland on Market Green, The Cross Keys Inn on Northgate, The King William IV (locally known as 'The King Billy') and Hallgate Tavern on Hallgate, and The Tiger on King Street. In 2018 a new micro pub, The Hugh Fitz-Baldric, opened on Hallgate.[125]

The Methodist chapel, built 1878 (2008)

Cottingham has churches serving Church of England, Methodist, Roman Catholic, and United Reformed Church Christian denominations, as well as having a Community Church.[126][127] There is a Kingdom Hall of the Jehovah's Witnesses. Cottingham Churches Together organises joint acts of worship and charity events throughout the year.

Cottingham has two cemeteries; one is located on the southern fringe of the village and is used by Hull City Council;[101] the other is located on Eppleworth Road,[128] and contains the grave of poet Philip Larkin,[129] and a Commonwealth War Graves Commission memorial to casualties of the First and Second World Wars.[130]

Cottingham Springboard Festival takes place over three days each May, with live music in public houses from mainly local and regional acts.[131]

Education

There are four primary schools: Bacon Garth; Croxby; Hallgate and Westfield, and one secondary school, Cottingham High School.[132]

Croxby Primary School (53.771118°N 0.39340°W / 53.771118; -0.39340) is a primary school serving Cottingham and the Bricknell Avenue area. Its intake is made up of children from two Education Authorities. The school was seriously affected by the floods which hit the East Riding of Yorkshire during June 2007. The school itself flooded, which resulted in it being closed 4 weeks early. The pupils were educated in classrooms at the University of Hull for the remainder of the school year.[133] Although the school site re-opened for the start of the September 2007 new school year, the majority of children were educated in mobile classrooms.

Transport

The village lies just east of the A164 which links Cottingham to Beverley, the Humber Bridge, the A1079 and the M62 via the A63. The B1233 road runs from Skidby Roundabout on the A164 north-west of Cottingham, through the village to Hull city centre via the A1079 which it meets in the Newland area of Hull. Castle Road also meets the A164 at Castle Hill Roundabout at the south-west end of the village.

Cottingham is also served by Cottingham railway station just east of the village centre on the Yorkshire Coast Line to Scarborough. Services include trains to Hull Paragon Interchange, York, Sheffield, Doncaster, Bridlington and Scarborough provided by Arriva Rail North. There is also a direct train to London Kings Cross provided by Hull Trains.

There are regular bus services to Hull, Hessle, Beverley and Hornsea with an occasional direct bus to York which are provided by East Yorkshire.[134]

Sport and outdoor activities

Cottingham was the birthplace of the 1940s and 1950s female boxing champion Barbara Buttrick, the first female boxer to have her fight broadcast on national television.[135]

The village has a Scout group consisting of two Beavers groups, two Cubs packs, one Scout troop and one Explorer unit. There are also three Guide Units (one based in nearby Skidby), two Rainbow Units, three Brownie Packs and one Ranger (Senior Section) Unit based in the village. Further groups belong to the Cottingham Guiding District in Skidby (Rainbows), and Little Weighton (Brownies).

To the north of the village is King George V playing fields.

Hull City A.F.C.'s training ground is located on Millhouse Woods Lane on facilities previously owned by Northern Foods. The local football club, Cottingham Rangers AFC, was established in 1972 and consists of seventeen teams playing in the Hull & District Youth Football League and the East Riding Girls Football League.[136] The club is affiliated to the East Riding County Football Association and is an FA Charter Standard Club.[137]

Notes
  1. Originally Westfield House, built 1778, and extended in the 19th century, later Westfield Country Club, as of 2012 Fair Maid public house.[37]
  2. Elmtree House,[map 25] built 1820/1834,[56] acquired by Cottingham Memorial Club in 1949.[57][58]
  3. Paley & Donkin original established at Snuff Mill House in 1892 before moving to Station Mills. The oil press cloth business ended in the 1950s; the company diversified into worsted yarn and carpet manufacture. Manufacturing ended 1979.[68]
  4. In 1884 an act of parliament was passed allowing water extraction at Mill Dam stream near Cottingham. Three boreholes were sunk, operated by three compound pumping engines.[73] Triple expansion engines supplied by Worthington-Simpson, Ltd were installed in 1932-4.[74] The pumping station was connected to the rail network by a short spur off the Hull to Bridlington railway line until the second half of the 20th century.[75] By 1999 the works had two pumping shafts in operation, with about 0.6 miles (1 km) of adits, and was licensed to extract over 68,000 cubic metres per day.[76] See also: adit image: in Gale et al. 2006, "Plate 3 Converging adits in the Cottingham shaft and adit source", p. 49
  5. The original house, known as 'The Bungalow',[map 31] was built by shipowner Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Nunburnholme, around the beginning of the 20th century for his son Charles Wilson, 2nd Baron Nunburnholme.[84]
  6. The water treatment works lies outside the (2006) formal boundary of the parish, within the civil parish of Skidby, the rest of the water infrastructure at Keldgate is within the civil parish of Cottingham
  7. See entries in history section for details
  8. In particular the 18th century buildings: numbers 24,26, and 28 Beck Bank; 188, King Street; Sarum House, Northgate; White House, Hallgate; and 100 and 102 Thwaite Street are listed buildings, as are the late 17/ early 18th century single storey cottages at 7, 8, and 9 Market Green. See search results for "East Riding of Yorkshire, Cottingham (Unitary Authority=East Riding of Yorkshire)" at list.historicengland.org.uk

References
  1. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Cottingham Parish (1170211296)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
  2. "Could Cottingham be the largest village in England?". Yorkshire Life. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  3. Sheahan & Whellan 1856, p. 536.
  4. Mills, Anthony David (2003). A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Oxford University Press. Cottingham. ISBN 9780191578472.
  5. Historic England. "Cottingham (922610)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  6. Leland, John (1770). Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii de rebus britannicis collectanea: Cum Thomæ Hearnii Præfatione Notis et Indice ad Editonem primam (in Latin). Vol. 1. Gul. & Jo. Richardson. Pag. 361. & Pag. 360 : Anno D. 1200 (pp. 293–4).
  7. Historic England. "Baynard Castle (1019823)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012. "The Domesday Book records that Cottingham passed from Gamel son of Osbert to Hugh FitzBaldric after the Norman Conquest, but shortly after 1089 FitzBaldric's Yorkshire lands were forfeited and passed to Robert Front de Boeuf who founded the de Stuteville line"
  8. "Bulmer's History and Directory of East Yorkshire". www.genuki.org.uk. 1892. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  9. Sources:
  10. "Cottingham Domesday Book". opendomesday.org. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  11. Oliver 1829, pp. 459–61
  12. Oliver 1829, pp. 464–5.
  13. Historic England. "Deer park, Cottingham (910889)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  14. Sources:
  15. Oliver 1829, pp. 461–3.
  16. Sources:
  17. "Nicholas de Luda (1383)". effigiesandbrasses.com. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  18. Overton 1861, Nicholas de Luda, pp. 44–47.
  19. Sources:
    • Overton 1861, pp. 23–27
    • Finden, William; Finden, Edward Francis; Bartlett, William Henry; Beattie, William (1842). The ports, harbours, watering-places, and coast scenery of Great Britain. Vol. 1. George Virtue. p. 90.
    • Sheahan & Whellan 1856, p. 25
    • Sheahan, James Joseph (1864). General and concise history and description of the town and port of Kingston-upon-Hull. Simpkin, Marshall & Co. pp. 539–542.
    • Thomas, Gent (1869) [1735]. History of Hull (Annales Regioduni Hullini). Hull : M. C. Peck. pp. 90–94, quote: [1392] "In the Spring Time, near a thousand Persons, belonging to Cottingham, Woolferton, Anlaby and other neighbouring Towns, being offended, that the Inhabitants of Hull, had, by cutting the Earth, drawn some fresh Water from them; they bound themselves, with a terrible Oath, to stand by one another whilst they were able shed their last Drops of Blood. Then, having ordain'd the most rustical Leaders, they appear'd in the like Sort of Arms, ransacking Houses, and abusing such Owners, who would not as madly confederate with them. Soon did they lay Siege to Hull, vowing the utter Destruction of it. Being strangely poetically given too, they made such insipid Rhimes, to encourage the Seditious, as indeed would dishonour the Flights of Antiquity, should such ridiculous Stuff be publickly set forth. The Canals, which had been made at vast Expence, they quickly fill'd up, almost as they had been before. But tho' by these Means they had spitefully deprived the Town of fresh flowing Streams, and stopt Provisions that were sent to the valiant Inhabitants; yet these ill-advised Wretches found themselves too much much deluded, and withal too impotent, to prevail against them. Upon which, withdrawing to Cottingham; and afterwards, through Fear, dispersing; some fled quite away; others, taken, and sent to York, were executed; and about 30 obtain'd Pardon, upon their Penitence, and faithful Promise, never to attempt the like again.";
      pp. 96–97, quote: [1412] "Such was the inveterate Rancour of the Inhabitants of the aforesaid Towns, by letting salt Water, and throwing stinking Carrion, into the Canals, which now were finish'd; that stimulated the Magistrates of Hull, this Year, to beseech Alexander V. Bishop of Rome, to thunder out his Excommunication against them: But the Pontiff recommending the Case to FRANCIS, Cardinal of the Holy Cross at Jerusalem; ANTHONY, of Sufanna; and JOHN of St. Peter ad Vincula; these merciful Fathers, instead of denouncing Curses, sent (after long and due Consideration) an exhortatory Writing, sealed and signed by Pope JOHN XXI. in the first Year of his Pontificate, dated at Rome, the 20th of July. In it was represented, The Account every one must make at the tremendous Day of Judgment; and consequently what miserable Sinners those malicious Persons must appear, who, by the Suggestions of Satan, should endeavour to ruin the Inhabitants of so large a Town: That there was yet a Time for Repentance, which might be accepted, upon the Forbearance of the Guilty from such detestable Crimes, so directly opposite to the Will of Heaven, which would dispense its Blessings to all Mankind: To follow such divine Philanthropy, every Person should rather contribute to a general Advantage, tho' perhaps some way discordant to their Interest, than prevent those desired fresh flowing Streams, to their necessitous Neighbours: And therefore, the past Offenders, by using their Endeavours, for redressing those Grievances, which themselves had occasion'd; and others, who generously contributed to promote the Publick Welfare and Happiness; should not only obtain Pardon for their various Sins and Offences; but also be entitled to the Protection of St. PETER, St. PAUL, with all the Host of Heaven, both here, and hereafter.".
  20. Historic England. "Southwood Hall (1310021)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  21. Whirehouse, J. (1980). Mark Kirby and Cottingham Free School. Cottingham Local History Society.
  22. De la Pryme, Abraham; De la Pryme, Charles (1869). "Volume the Second : 1700". In Jackson, Charles (ed.). The diary of Abraham De la Pryme, the Yorkshire antiquary. pp. 232–3. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  23. Lewis, Samuel, ed. (1848). "Cottingham". A Topographical Dictionary of England, 7th Ed. reprinted via British History Online : University of London, History of Parliament Trust.
  24. Historic England. "Church House (1347017)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  25. Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 389
  26. Sources:
    • Ketchell, Christopher, ed. (Summer 2007). "Cottingham". EYLHS Newsletter. No. 17. East Yorkshire Local History Society. p. 9. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
    • Allison 1981, p. 16
    • Wood, George Bernard (1967). Yorkshire. Hastings House. p. 199.
  27. Young, Arthur (1771). "Letter IV". A six months tour through the north of England, containing, an account of the present state of agriculture, manufactures and population, in several counties of this kingdom. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). W. Strahan, W. Nicholl. Mr. Matson's Shrubbery at Cottingham, pp. 152–5. At this place Mr. Watson has a pleasure-ground, which is very well worth seeing; it consists of shrubberies with winding walks, and the imitation of a meandering river through the whole. The grass plot in front of the house surrounded with ever-greens and shrubs, with a Gothic bench on one side, is very pretty, and the clumps to the water's edge well disposed : From thence, passing by a bridge, you follow the water through a pasture ground, with walks and benches around it; the banks closely shaven, the bends of them natural, and quite in the stile of a real river. About the middle of the field it divides and forms a small island, which contains two or three clumps of shrubs, and is a very great ornament to the place; the walk after-wards leads to the other winding ones around the field, which is certainly laid out in general in a good taste. There are, however, one or two circumstances, that cannot fail of striking every spectator, which, if they were a little altered, would be a great improvement. Directly across the whole runs a common foot-way, which, though walled in, cuts the grounds too much; a broad arch or two thrown over it, well covered with earth and planted with shrubs, would take off the ill effect of crossing this path. In the water is the imitation of a rock, every kind of which is totally unconsonant with the pleasing and agreeable emotions of the gently-winding stream, and smoothly-shaven banks; besides, any rock worth seeing would swallow up this water. In the next place here are some urns, an ornament, when properly disposed, of great efficacy; but close, shaded and sequestered spots, whereon the eye falls by accident, as it were, are the places for urns, and not open lawns, full in view, and to be walked around. It is surprising, that the ideas of imitating nature, in rejecting a strait line for the water, and giving its banks the wave of a real stream, should not be extended to hiding the conclusion, by winding it among the wood where it could not be followed; and it would have been a great improvement, to have given the stream in one place a much greater wave, so as to have enlarged it to four times its present width; this would have added much to the variety of the scene. Lastly, I might remark, that the circular bason near the end of the river has a very bad effect; any water so very artificial, should not be seen with the same eye that views the imitation of a real stream.
  28. "A topographical description of Cottingham near Hull". The gentleman's magazine, and historical chronicle. Vol. 67. December 1797. pp. 1001–1004.
  29. Sheahan, James Joseph (1864). General and concise history and description of the town and port of Kingston-upon-Hull. Simpkin, Marshall & Co. p. 303.
  30. Historic England. "Snuff Mill House and railings (1103397)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  31. Macmahon, K. A. (1964). "Roads and Turnpike Trusts in Eastern Yorkshire" (PDF). E.Y. Local History Series. East Yorkshire Local History Society. pp. 19–20, 22, 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  32. Allison 1981, p. 20.
  33. Allison 1981, p. 19.
  34. Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 391.
  35. Historic England. "Newgate House and gate piers (1161541)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  36. Sources:
  37. Sources:
  38. Sources:
  39. Allison 1981, p. 14.
  40. Pevsner & Neave 1995, pp. 389 & 392
  41. Baines, Edward (1823). "Cottingham". History, directory & gazetteer, of the county of York: with select lists of the merchants & traders of London, and the principal commercial and manufacturing towns of England; and a variety of other commercial information: also a copious list of the seats of the nobility and gentry of Yorkshire. Vol. 2. Edward Baines. pp. 188–190.
  42. Lewis, Samuel (1811). "Cottingham". A topographical dictionary of England. Vol. 1 (4th ed.). pp. 629–30.
  43. Sources:
  44. Sources:
  45. Historic England. "Thwaite Hall (1000137)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  46. Robinson, Robb. "The Thompsons: Business, Banking, Radicalism, Sierra Leone and British Political Reform" (PDF). Maritime Historical Studies Centre, University of Hull. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  47. Sources:
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  49. Oliver 1829, p. 471
  50. Wolfe, John, ed. (2000). "Sculcoates District : Cottingham Subdistrict : Cottingham". Yorkshire Returns of the 1851 Census of Religious Worship. Volume 1: Introduction, City of York and East Riding. Borthwick Publications, Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, University of York. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-0-903857-95-6.
  51. Historic England. "Zion chapel (1504893)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  52. Historic England. "Zion United Reformed Church (1103393)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  53. Historic England. "Manse to the Zion United Reformed Church, Cottingham (1504896)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  54. Historic England. "The Manse (1161521)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  55. Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 387
  56. Sources:
  57. 'Remarkable' spirit of a community, quote: In 1949, the Cottingham Memorial Club purchased Elm Tree House
  58. "Cottingham Memorial Club". Cottingham Memorial Club. Retrieved 19 June 2012., see history Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  59. Moule, Thomas (1837). "Cottingham". The English Counties Delineated. Vol. 2. Virtue. p. 414.
  60. Historic England. "Arlington Hall (1161528)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  61. Historic England. "Mark Kirby's Free School (1310046)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  62. Sources: see Cottingham railway station
  63. Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 385.
  64. Ordnance Survey. 1855, 1:10560, sheets 225 & 226
  65. Barlow, Thomas Greaves, ed. (1856). "The Provincial Gaslight and Coke Company". The Journal of Gas Lighting, Water Supply and Sanitary Improvement. 5: 522–3.
  66. Ordnance Survey, 1:2500, 1910
  67. Sources:
    • Board of Trade Journal. 98–99: 39, 551. 1917. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
    • FBI Register of British Manufacturers. Federation of British Industries. 1924. p. 358.
  68. "P&D Carpets Ltd – a brief history". P&D Carpets. 2004. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  69. Ordnance survey. 1:2500: 1928; 1952–4; 1964–70. 1:10000: 1973–7; 1982; 1994. 1:25000: 2006
  70. Overton 1861, p. 108.
  71. Ordnance survey. 1:10560. 1855, 1890, 1910
  72. Maxwell (1878). "Hull: Proposed Additional Waterworks". British Architect. 9: 47. ..[estimates that] in a few years' time the Hull Corporation will have to provide 75% more water than they do at present. The first scheme has reference to the "Dam Springs" and would cost £41,000. The site for the second scheme is situated near Keldgate, about two and a-quarter miles north-west of Springhead. In this scheme there are fields of such elevation that they might be converted into reservoirs
  73. Sources:
  74. Sources:
  75. Ordnance survey. 1:2500. 1910, 1927–8, 1954–63
  76. Zhang, BeiYan; Lerner, David N.; Hoehn, E. (2000). "An integrated groundwater, pipe and open-channel flow model for simulation of aquifer-adit systems". In Stauffer, F.; Kinzelbach, W.; Kovar, K. (eds.). Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling: Coping with Uncertainty. Proceedings of the ModelCARE'99 conference held in Zurich, Switzerland, 20–23 September 1999. pp. 67–73. ISBN 978-1-901502-36-7. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  77. Sources:
    • The Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer. Vol. 31. 1907. p. 125. The waterworks department has commenced the construction of a covered concrete service reservoir, at Keldgate, near Skidby. The reservoir will contain about 10000000 gallons, or one day's supply
    • "Opening of Hull's new reservoir, Keldgate". Hull Times: 7. 3 July 1909.
    • The builder. 1909. Hull City Waterworks, p. 78. ..the opening has just taken place of the reservoir at Keldgate, near Cottingham, which has been constructed at a cost of 43,0000L
    • Jones, Tony (2009). "Keldgate Service Reservoir" (PDF). www.waterprojectsonline.com. Retrieved 14 June 2012. Keldgate Critical Service Reservoir (CSR) is a large service reservoir near Hull. It stores about 48 ML of treated water for distribution to East Yorkshire and was built in the early 1900s. The reservoir was built in mass concrete with a barrel vaulted concrete roof, covered by an average depth of 850mm of earth
    • "In Parliament.—Session 1929–30. KINGSTON UPON HULL CORPORATION" (PDF). London Gazette: 7714. 26 November 1929. NOTICE is hereby given that application is intended to be made to Parliament in the session 1929–30 ... an enlargement of the Keldgate service reservoir in the urban district of Cottingham
    • "Waterworks". Civil Engineering. 28. p. 76; also pp. 120, 355. 1933.
    • "American Water Works Association (Journal)". 1948. p. 477.
    • Ordnance survey. 1:2500: 1890; 1910; 1927; 1963. 1:10560: 1938–52
  78. Ordnance Survey, 1:2500; 1890
  79. "Cottingham Cemetery Plans (photocopies)". National Archives. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  80. Historic England. "Castle Hill Hospital (East Site) (1068461)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  81. Historic England. "Castle Hill Hospital (West Site) (1068470)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  82. Ordnance Survey. 1:2500. 1927–8, 1952–3
  83. Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 390
  84. Gillett, Edward; MacMahon, Kenneth A. (1980). A History of Hull. Oxford University Press. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-19-713436-8.
  85. "Alumn Pinboard : Cleminson Hall" (PDF). Gradlink: 4. Autumn 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2012. The University Council has decided that, because of changing student accommodation preferences and the need to increase income, Cleminson Hall will close at the end of the 2003/04 session and will be sold
  86. Sources:
  87. Bamford, T. W. (1978). The University of Hull : The First Fifty Years. Oxford University Press. pp. 137–143. ISBN 978-0-19-713432-0.
  88. Clarke, Richard. "Cottingham High School History". www.school-portal.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  89. Ordnance survey. 1:2500. 1954–63, 1963, 1971
  90. "The Lawns by Gillespie Kidd and Coia". www.gillespiekiddandcoia.com. Archived from the original on 1 August 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
  91. Ordnance survey. 1:2500: 1910; 1927–8. 1:10560: 1910–11; 1938–52; 1956. 1:63360: New Popular edition 1945-7 (1947); Seventh Series 1952–61 (1959)
  92. Neave, David; Neave, Susan (2010). Hull. pp. 25–6. ISBN 978-0-300-14172-6. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  93. Ordnance survey. 1:10560. 1956
  94. Ordnance survey. 1:10560: 1956; 1968–9. 1:10000: 1973–7; 1992–4; 2006
  95. Sources:
  96. "Boundary Business Park" (PDF). Met Engineers Ltd. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  97. Burton, James (9 September 2015). "Swift Caravans announces multimillion pound expansion project at Cottingham factory". Hull Daily Mail. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  98. 'Remarkable' spirit of a community
  99. Sources:
  100. Sources:
  101. Sources:
  102. "(14/02054/STPLF) Erection of 125 no. dwellings and associated access infrastructure, landscaping and works, including provision of drainage infrastructure following demolition of 59 and 79 Castle Road and existing building, Twinacre Nurseries Limited Castle Road Cottingham" (planning application). East Riding of Yorkshire Council. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  103. Kitching, Sophie (8 October 2015). "First homes go on sale at Merchants Gate Cottingham from £310,000". Hull Daily Mail. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  104. "(13/00379/STOUTE) Outline – Erection of mixed use development comprising residential (Use Class C3) (maximum 600 units including key worker housing); food and non-food retail (A1); food and drink (A3 & A4); residential care home (C2); healthcare (D1), landscaping, play spaces, sports pitches and changing facilities and surface water attenuation, and incorporating associated new access to include provision of a roundabout and re-alignment of Castle Road, widening of Willerby Low Road and creation of two access points" (planning application). East Riding of Yorkshire Council. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  105. Young, Angus (9 November 2013). "NHS plan to build 600 new homes next to Castle Hill Hospital on edge of Cottingham rejected". Hull Daily Mail. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  106. "(14/01325/STOUTE) OUTLINE – Erection of Residential Development (maximum 180 dwellings) (means of access to be considered) (Re-submission of 13/00379/STOUTE)" (planning application). East Riding of Yorkshire Council. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  107. "(16/00912/STPLF) Erection of 320 dwellings with associated access, parking, play space, water attenuation basin and infrastructure" (planning application). East Riding of Yorkshire Council. 5 April 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  108. Young, Angus (22 August 2016). "320 homes to be built in Harland Way, Cottingham". Hull Daily Mail. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  109. UK Census (2001). "Local Area Report – Cottingham Parish (1543504337)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  110. Ordnance survey. 1:25000. 2006
  111. "Gypsy and traveller sites". East Riding of Yorkshire Council. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  112. "Haltemprice and Howden". UK Polling Report. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  113. "Cottingham Parks, golf and leisure club, East Yorkshire, UK". www.cottinghamparks.co.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  114. "Skidby Lakes Golf Club". www.skidbylakes.co.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  115. Hiorns, Andrew (7 December 2010). "Infrastructure for, and integration of, renewable energy into electricity networks". www.supergen-networks.org.uk. National Grid. pp. 5,6; see map diagrams. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2015.
  116. "NatWest completes financing deal with Statera for eight flexible energy projects". Current. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022.
  117. "Cottingham: Europe's biggest battery storage system switched on". BBC News. 21 November 2022. Archived from the original on 21 November 2022.
  118. Sources:
    • Aldrick, R. J.; Rivett, M. O.; Hepburn, S. L. (1999). "Urban groundwater and environmental management: Hull, East Yorkshire". In Chilton, John (ed.). Groundwater in the Urban Environment: Selected City Profiles. 3. Groundwater Resources, p. 93, also in Volume 2 of Proceedings of the XXVII IAH Congress of Groundwater in the Urban Environment, Nottingham, UK, 21–27 September 1997. ISBN 9789054109242. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
    • Smedley, P. L.; Neumann, I.; Farrell, R.; Hargreaves, R.; Milne, C. J.; Chadha, D.; Morton, M. (2004). Baseline Report Series: 10. The Chalk Aquifer of Yorkshire and North Humberside (PDF). 3.4 Hydrology, p. 9. ISBN 978-1-84432-635-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. As a result of heavy groundwater abstraction, particularly from Cottingham pumping station, most springs between Beverley and Hull have dried up over the last century (Chadha, 1986) {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
    • Gale et al. 2006, 3.3.5 Groundwater level fluctuations, p. 26, quote: "These artesian groundwater conditions are subject to decline through major groundwater abstraction. A decline of groundwater levels was suggested by Younger et al. (1997) who observed that most of the springs between Beverley and Hull have dried up over the last century, mainly since sustained groundwater abstraction started at Cottingham in the 1930s."
  119. Gale et al. 2006
  120. Gale et al. 2006, 5.2.3 "Source protection", p. 55, quote: "The four major sources; Springhead, Keldgate, Cottingham and Dunswell are located in the outskirts of the city, to the west and north-west, and provide just under half of the demand for water, the balance coming from the River Hull."
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  122. "Cottingham market". www.cottinghammarket.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
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Sources

Map locations
  1. 53.78293°N 0.42156°W / 53.78293; -0.42156 (Baynard Castle (site of)), Site of Baynard Castle
  2. 53.796023°N 0.426386°W / 53.796023; -0.426386 (Deer park (13th century)), former Deer park
  3. 53.78418°N 0.408165°W / 53.78418; -0.408165 (Cottingham priory (site of)), Cottingham priory
  4. 53.78221°N 0.411616°W / 53.78221; -0.411616 (St Mary's church, Cottingham), St Mary's church
  5. 53.77602°N 0.425728°W / 53.77602; -0.425728 (Southwood Hall), Southwood Hall, c. 1660, surrounded by 20th century urban development
  6. 53.7804635°N 0.41392538°W / 53.7804635; -0.41392538 (Kingtree House (site of)), Kingtree House, demolished 1960s.[26]
  7. 53.7768°N 0.4084°W / 53.7768; -0.4084 (Snuff Mill House), Snuff Mill House
  8. 53.778129°N 0.407117°W / 53.778129; -0.407117 (Cottingham Hall (demolished)), Cottingham Hall (demolished, mid 20th century)
  9. 53.779165°N 0.41151°W / 53.779165; -0.41151 (Cottingham House (demolished)), Cottingham House (demolished, second half 20th century)
  10. 53.77911°N 0.410303°W / 53.77911; -0.410303 (Newgate House), Newgate House
  11. 53.778886°N 0.408846°W / 53.778886; -0.408846 (Eastgate House), Eastgate House
  12. 53.781522°N 0.422071°W / 53.781522; -0.422071 (Westfield House), Westfield House, later Westfield Country Club, later Fair Maid public house.
  13. 53.778933°N 0.40363°W / 53.778933; -0.40363 (Green Wickets, formerly Sycamores), The Green Wickets, formerly Sycamores
  14. 53.784495°N 0.414845°W / 53.784495; -0.414845 (Northfield or Northgate House, later part of Needler Hall), Northfield or Northgate House, after 1928 part of Hull University, renamed Needler Hall and extended
  15. 53.78830°N 0.432014°W / 53.78830; -0.432014 (Cottingham High School, former site of Cottingham Grange), Cottingham High School, former site of Cottingham Grange
  16. 53.778059°N 0.397867°W / 53.778059; -0.397867 (Springfield House), Springfield House
  17. 53.784104°N 0.416202°W / 53.784104; -0.416202 (Beech House), Beech House, Northgate
  18. 53.779173°N 0.400264°W / 53.779173; -0.400264 (Thwaite House and associated gardens, later Thwaite Hall, Hull University residence), Thwaite House and associated gardens, later Thwaite Hall, Hull University residence
  19. 53.77793°N 0.443773°W / 53.77793; -0.443773 (Cottingham Castle, later Castle Hill Hospital), Cottingham Castle, later Castle Hill Hospital
  20. 53.77649°N 0.448625°W / 53.77649; -0.448625 (Prospect Tower, Cottingham Castle folly), Prospect Tower, Cottingham Castle folly
  21. 53.78174°N 0.39764°W / 53.78174; -0.39764 (New Village), (Pauper village), New Village
  22. 53.781811°N 0.417307°W / 53.781811; -0.417307 (Zion Chapel), Zion Chapel, Hallgate
  23. 53.782964°N 0.414052°W / 53.782964; -0.414052 (Primitive Methodist chapel), ex-Primitive Methodist chapel, King Street
  24. 53.782183°N 0.415342°W / 53.782183; -0.415342 (Methodist church, 1878/9), Methodist church, 1878/9, Hallgate
  25. 53.780678°N 0.415950°W / 53.780678; -0.415950 (Elmtree House (since 1949 Cottingham Memorial Club)), Elmtree House (since 1949 Cottingham Memorial Club)
  26. 53.7817°N 0.406376°W / 53.7817; -0.406376 (Cottingham railway station), Cottingham railway station
  27. 53.78397°N 0.407205°W / 53.78397; -0.407205 (site of Gas Works, later used for "Station Mills" (Paley & Donkin) factory), Gas Works, site later used for a cloth mill, "Station Mills"
  28. 53.794048°N 0.411775°W / 53.794048; -0.411775 (Cottingham water pumping station (Mill Dam pumping station)), Cottingham water pumping station, also known as Mill Dam pumping station
  29. 53.786747°N 0.445504°W / 53.786747; -0.445504 (Keldgate wate works and reservoirs), Keldgate water works, covered reservoirs adjacent east.
  30. 53.78337°N 0.43023°W / 53.78337; -0.43023 (Eppleworth Road cemetery), Eppleworth Road cemetery
  31. 53.778289°N 0.401783°W / 53.778289; -0.401783 ("The Bungalow", later part of Cleminson Hall, now part of 'Cleminson Halls' housing estate), "The Bungalow", later part of Cleminson Hall, now part of 'Cleminson Halls' housing estate
  32. 53.787852°N 0.426042°W / 53.787852; -0.426042 (The Lawns (Hull University)), The Lawns (Hull University accommodation)
  33. 53.79783°N 0.40223°W / 53.79783; -0.40223 (Swift caravan factory (post 2006)), Swift caravan factory, post 2006 development location
  34. 53.7744°N 0.4082°W / 53.7744; -0.4082 (Priory Woods cemetery), Priory Woods cemetery
  35. 53.800828°N 0.415159°W / 53.800828; -0.415159 (Creyke Beck electricity substation), Creyke Beck electricity substation
  36. 53.783416°N 0.4430664°W / 53.783416; -0.4430664 (Keldgate borehole), Keldgate borehole, Keldgate springs are about 110 yards (100 m) east
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