Crocodylinae

Crocodylinae; Temporal range: Eocene–Holocene,
	Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Crocodilia
Family:	Crocodylidae
Subfamily:	Crocodylinae; Cuvier, 1807
Type species
	Crocodylus niloticus; Laurenti, 1768
Genera
	Crocodylus; Mecistops?; †Aldabrachampsus?; †Voay;

Crocodylinae is a subfamily of true crocodiles within the family Crocodylidae, and is the sister taxon to Osteolaeminae (dwarf crocodiles and slender-snouted crocodiles).

Taxonomy

Crocodylinae was cladistically defined by Christopher Brochu in 1999 as Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile crocodile) and all crocodylians more closely related to it than to Osteolaemus tetraspis (the Dwarf crocodile).[1][2] This is a stem-based definition, and is the sister taxon to Osteolaeminae.

Crocodylinae contains the extant genus Crocodylus. It is disputed as to whether is also includes Mecistops (slender-snouted crocodiles),[2][3] or the extinct genus Voay.[4]

Phylogeny

Some morphological studies have recovered Mecistops as a basal member of Crocodylinae, more closely related to Crocodylus than to Osteolaemus and the other members of Osteolaeminae,[2][3] as shown in the cladogram below.[3]

Crocodylidae

Osteolaeminae

Rimasuchus lloydi†

Voay robustus†

	Osteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile

	Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile

"Crocodylus" gariepensis†

	Brochuchus parvidens†

	Brochuchus pigotti†

	Euthecodon arambourgi†

	Euthecodon brumpti†

Crocodylinae

Mecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile

	Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni†

	Crocodylus anthropophagus†

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile

	Crocodylus checchiai†

	Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile

	Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile

	Crocodylus acutus American crocodile

	Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile

Crocodylus palaeindicus†

Crocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile

	Crocodylus ossifragus†

	Crocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile

Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile

Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile

Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile

	Crocodylus raninus Borneo crocodile

	Crocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile

Paleoafrican Crocodylus

Neotropical Crocodylus

Indo-Pacific Crocodylus

The below cladogram is based on a 2021 study using paleogenomics that extracted DNA from the extinct Voay, recovering it as a member of Crocodylinae.[4]

Crocodylidae

Osteolaeminae

	Mecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile

	Euthecodon†

Brochuchus†

Rimasuchus†

	Osteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile

	Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile

Crocodylinae

Voay†

Crocodylus

	Crocodylus anthropophagus†

	Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni†

	Crocodylus palaeindicus†

	Crocodylus Tirari Desert†

Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile

	Crocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile

	Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile

Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile

	Crocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile

	Crocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile

	Crocodylus checchiai†

	Crocodylus falconensis†

Crocodylus suchus West African crocodile

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile

	Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile

	Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile

	Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile

	Crocodylus acutus American crocodile

(crown group)

Species list

American crocodile at La Manzanilla, Jalisco, Mexico

A skull of the extinct Voay robustus

Crocodylinae contains 13-14 extant species and 6 extinct species.

Subfamily Crocodylinae
- Genus Crocodylus
  - Crocodylus acutus, American crocodile
  - Crocodylus halli, Hall's New Guinea crocodile
  - Crocodylus intermedius, Orinoco crocodile
  - Crocodylus johnstoni, Freshwater crocodile, or Johnstone's crocodile
  - Crocodylus mindorensis, Philippine crocodile
  - Crocodylus moreletii, Morelet's crocodile or Mexican crocodile
  - Crocodylus niloticus, Nile crocodile
  - Crocodylus novaeguineae, New Guinea crocodile
  - Crocodylus palustris, mugger, marsh or Indian crocodile
  - Crocodylus porosus, Saltwater crocodile or Estuarine crocodile
    - Crocodylus raninus, Borneo crocodile, is currently considered to be a synonym of Crocodylus porosus; whether or not it is a distinct species remains unclear.[5]
  - Crocodylus rhombifer, Cuban crocodile
  - Crocodylus siamensis, Siamese crocodile
  - Crocodylus suchus, West African crocodile, desert or sacred crocodile
  - Crocodylus anthropophagus†
  - Crocodylus checchiai†
  - Crocodylus falconensis†
  - Crocodylus palaeindicus†
  - Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni†
- Genus Voay†
  - Voay robustus† (formerly Crocodylus robustus)

References

Brochu, C. A.; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of Crocodylus in Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (3): 587–602. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324. S2CID 85103427.
Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
Azarra, Beatrice; Boschian, Giovanni; Brochu, Christopher; Delfino, Massimo; Iurino, Dawid Adam; Kimambo, Jackson Stanley; Manzi, Giorgio; Masao, Fidelis T.; Menconero, Sofia; Njau, Jackson K; Cherin, Marco (2021). "A new cranium of Crocodylus anthropophagus from Olduvai Gorge, northern Tanzania". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy). 127 (2): 275–295. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15771.
Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.
"Species | the Reptile Database".

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[C.thorbjarnarsoni-1] Brochu, C. A.; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of Crocodylus in Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (3): 587–602. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324. S2CID 85103427.

[Rio2021-2] Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.

[Azzara2021-3] Azarra, Beatrice; Boschian, Giovanni; Brochu, Christopher; Delfino, Massimo; Iurino, Dawid Adam; Kimambo, Jackson Stanley; Manzi, Giorgio; Masao, Fidelis T.; Menconero, Sofia; Njau, Jackson K; Cherin, Marco (2021). "A new cranium of Crocodylus anthropophagus from Olduvai Gorge, northern Tanzania". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy). 127 (2): 275–295. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15771.

[Hekkala2021-4] Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.

[5] "Species | the Reptile Database".