Cryptothecia

Cryptothecia is a genus of white to greenish crustose lichens that grow on bark, wood, or leaves. in tropical or subtropical areas worldwide.[2] It has a conspicuous prothallus that develops around its periphery which can be bright red in some species, hence the common name wreath lichen.[3] The main vegetative body (thallus) lacks a cortex (ecorticate and is often immersed in the substrate or byssoid (whispy, like teased wool).[2] The medulla is white, well defined, and often peppered with calcium oxalate crystals.[2] Ascomata are not well defined, being cushions of soft white mycelium immersed in the medullary tissue, hence the name from the Greek krypto = "to conceal" and theke = "a container or sheath".[2] There are about 45 described species in the genus according to one source,[2] and 75 species according to another.[4] The genus is in the family Arthoniaceae.[5] It contains Trentepohlia, a green alga, as its photobiont partner.

Cryptothecia
Cryptothecia sp. growing on a tree in Chaco Province, northern Argentina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Arthoniomycetes
Order: Arthoniales
Family: Arthoniaceae
Genus: Cryptothecia
Stirt. (1876)
Type species
Cryptothecia subnidulans
Stirt. (1876)
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Two species have been described in North America.[3] At least one species, Cryptothecia rubrocincta, has been used in Brazil as a source of dye.[6]

Species
  • Cryptothecia alboglauca Jagad. Ram, G.P.Sinha & Kr.P.Singh (2009)[7] – India
  • Cryptothecia albomaculans Jagadeesh & G.P.Sinha (2016)[8]
  • Cryptothecia albomaculatella Aptroot & Wolseley (2009)[9] – Thailand
  • Cryptothecia aleurinoides Aptroot & Wolseley (2009)[9] – Thailand
  • Cryptothecia atropunctata G.Thor (1997)[10]
  • Cryptothecia austrocoreana J.J.Woo, Lőkös, Farkas & Hur (2017)[11]
  • Cryptothecia bengalensis Jagad.Ram, G.P.Sinha & Kr.P.Singh (2009)[7] – India
  • Cryptothecia calusarum Seavey & J.Seavey (2017)[12] – USA
  • Cryptothecia chamelensis Herrera-Camp., Bautista & Lücking (2019)[13] – Mexico
  • Cryptothecia darwiniana Bungartz & Elix (2013)[14] – Galápagos Islands
  • Cryptothecia duplofluorescens Aptroot & M.F.Souza (2021)[15] – Brazil
  • Cryptothecia elata Jagadeesh & G.P.Sinha (2016)[8]
  • Cryptothecia elongata Jagadeesh & G.P.Sinha (2016)[8]
  • Cryptothecia eungellae G.Thor (1997)[10]
  • Cryptothecia evergladensis Seavey (2009)[16]
  • Cryptothecia exilis G.Thor (1997)[10]
  • Cryptothecia fabispora M.Cáceres, E.L.Lima & Aptroot (2013)[17] – Brazil
  • Cryptothecia farinosa Jagad.Ram, G.P.Sinha & Kr.P.Singh (2009)[7] – India
  • Cryptothecia fuscopunctata Seavey & J.Seavey (2014)[18]
  • Cryptothecia galapagoana Bungartz & Elix (2013)[14] – Galápagos Islands
  • Cryptothecia inexspectata G.Thor (1997)[10]
  • Cryptothecia isidioxantha Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2017)[19]
  • Cryptothecia lichexanthonica E.L.Lima, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)[17] – Brazil
  • Cryptothecia macrocephala M.Cáceres & Aptroot (2013)[20] – Brazil
  • Cryptothecia methylmicrophyllinica Aptroot & Spier (2010)[21]
  • Cryptothecia multipunctata Jagad.Ram, G.P.Sinha & Kr.P.Singh (2009)[7] – India
  • Cryptothecia odishensis R.Bajpai, S.Joseph & Upreti (2018)[22] – India
  • Cryptothecia punctosorediata Sparrius (2005)[23]
  • Cryptothecia randallii Seavey & J.Seavey (2017)[12] – USA
  • Cryptothecia rhizophora Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)[24] – Brazil
  • Cryptothecia rosae-iselae Flakus & Kukwa (2015)[25] – Bolivia
  • Cryptothecia scripta G.Thor (1997)[10]
  • Cryptothecia stockerae G.Neuwirth & Aptroot (2016)[26] – Seychelles
  • Cryptothecia submacrocephala Seavey & J.Seavey (2017)[12] – USA
  • Cryptothecia subnidulans Stirt. (1876)[27]
  • Cryptothecia superphyllinica Jagadeesh & G.P.Sinha (2016)[8]
  • Cryptothecia verruculifera Jagad.Ram, G.P.Sinha & Kr.P.Singh (2009)[7] – India

References
  1. "Synonymy: Cryptothecia Stirt., Proc. Roy. phil. Soc. Glasgow 10: 164 (1876) [1877]". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  2. CRYPTOTHECIA, Flora of Australia volume 57, John A. Elix, 2009
  3. Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press: New Haven.
  4. Kirk MP, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  5. Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany. 13: 1–58. Archived from the original on 2009-03-18.
  6. Mors, WB. 1966. Useful Plants of Brazil. Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco. Page 57.
  7. Ram, T.A.M. Jagadeesh; Sinha, G.P.; Singh, K.P. (2009). "New species and new records of Cryptothecia and Herpothallon (Arthoniales) from India". The Lichenologist. 41 (6): 605–613. doi:10.1017/s0024282909008123. S2CID 84350481.
  8. Ram, T.A.M. Jagadeesh; Sinha, G.P. (2016). "A world key to Cryptothecia and Myriostigma (Arthoniaceae), with new species and new records from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India". Phytotaxa. 266 (2): 103–114. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.266.2.4.
  9. Wolseley, P.A.; Aptroot, A. (2009). "The lichen genera Cryptothecia and Stirtonia in northern Thailand". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 99: 411–422.
  10. Thor, G. (1997). "The genus Cryptothecia in Australia and New Zealand and the circumscription of the genus". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. 32 (1): 267–289.
  11. Woo, Jung-Jae; Lőkös, László; Farkas, Edit; Park, Chan-Ho; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2017). "Cryptothecia austrocoreana (Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae), a new species from South Korea". Mycobiology. 45 (4): 338–343. doi:10.5941/myco.2017.45.4.338. PMC 5780365. PMID 29371801.
  12. Seavey, F.; Seavey, J.; Gagnon, J.; Guccion, J.; Kaminsky, B.; Pearson, J.; Podaril, A.; Randall, B. (2017). "The lichens of Dagny Johnson Key Largo Hammock Botanical State Park, Key Largo, Florida, USA". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 53 (5): 201–268.
  13. Herrera-Campos, María de los Ángeles; Barcenas-Peña, Alejandrina; Miranda-González, Ricardo; Mejía, Maricarmen Altamirano; González, Joshua A. Bautista; Colín, Paola Martínez; Téllez, Norberto Sánchez; Lücking, Robert (2019). "New lichenized Arthoniales and Ostropales from Mexican seasonally dry tropical forest". The Bryologist. 122 (1): 62–83. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-122.1.062. S2CID 91727621.
  14. Bungartz, Frank; Dután-Patiño, Valeria Leonor; Elix, John A. (2013). "The lichen genera Cryptothecia, Herpothallon and Helminthocarpon (Arthoniales) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador". The Lichenologist. 45 (6): 739–762. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000522. S2CID 86253049.
  15. Aptroot, André; Souza, Maria Fernanda (2021). "New crustose lichens from a tropical coastal area in Paraná (Brazil)". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 42 (12): 191–197. doi:10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a12. S2CID 244271661.
  16. Seavey, F. (2009). "Cryptothecia evergladensis sp. nov. (Arthoniaceae), a new lichen species from Everglades National Park, Florida". Opuscula Philolichenum. 7: 49–54.
  17. Lima, Edvaneide Leandro de; Mendonça, Cléverton de Oliveira; Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2013). "Two new species of Cryptothecia from NE Brazil". The Lichenologist. 45 (3): 361–365. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000862. S2CID 87546253.
  18. Seavey, Frederick; Seavey, Jean (2014). "Four new species and sixteen new lichen records for North America from Everglades National Park". The Bryologist. 117 (4): 395–404. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.395. S2CID 83653909.
  19. Aptroot, André; Feuerstein, Shirley Cunha; Cunha-Dias, Iane Paula Rego; de Lucena Nunes, Álvaro Rogerio; Honorato, Maykon Evangelista; da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia (2017). "New lichen species and lichen reports from Amazon forest remnants and Cerrado vegetation in the Tocantina Region, northern Brazil". The Bryologist. 120 (3): 320–328. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-120.3.320. S2CID 89873704.
  20. Menezes, Aline Anjos; de Lima, Edvaneide Leandro; Xavier-Leite, Amanda Barreto; Maia, Leonor Costa; Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2013). "New species of Arthoniales from NE Brazil". The Lichenologist. 45 (5): 611–617. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000236. S2CID 87847980.
  21. Aptroot, A.; Spier, J.L. (2010). "The lichen genus Cryptothecia (Arthoniaceae) in Java" (PDF). Australasian Lichenology. 66: 50–57.
  22. Das, Kanad; Rossi, Walter; Leonardi, Marco; Ghosh, Aniket; Bera, Ishika; Hembrom, Manoj E.; Bajpai, Rajesh; Joseph, Siljo; Nayaka, Sanjeeva; Upreti, Dalip Kumar; Wang, Xiang-hua; Hofstetter, Valérie; Buyck, Bart (2018). "Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 61 – 70". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 39 (4): 381–418. doi:10.7872/crym/v39.iss4.2018.381. S2CID 198148553.
  23. Sparrius, Laurens B.; Saipunkaew, Wanaruk (2005). "Cryptothecia punctosorediata, a new species from Northern Thailand". The Lichenologist. 37 (6): 507–509. doi:10.1017/s0024282905015495. S2CID 86254922.
  24. da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia; Aptroot, André (2016). "First inventory of lichens from the Brazilian Amazon in Amapá State". The Bryologist. 119 (3): 250–265. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.3.250. S2CID 88999038.
  25. Ertz, Damien; Flakus, Adam; Oset, Magdalena; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Kukwa, Martin (2015). "A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species". Phytotaxa. 217 (1): 1–25. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1.
  26. Neuwirth, G.; Aptroot, A. (2016). "Cryptothecia stockeri (Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae), a new corticolous lichen species from the Seychelles". Herzogia. 29 (1): 97–102. doi:10.13158/heia.29.1.2016.97. S2CID 88787924.
  27. Stirton, J. (1877). "Descriptions of recently discovered lichens". Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow. 10: 156–164.

Further reading
  • U.Makhija & P.G.Patwardhan, A contribution towards a monograph of the lichen genus Cryptothecia (family Arthoniaceae), Current Res. Pl. Sci. 1994: 57–72 (1994)
  • R.Lücking, G.Thor, A.Aptroot, K.Kalb & J.A.Elix, The Cryptothecia candida complex revisited, Lichenologist 38: 235–240 (2006).
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