Cultivar group

A Group[1] (previously cultivar-group[2]) is a formal category in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) used for cultivated plants (cultivars) that share a defined characteristic.[1] It is represented in a botanical name by the symbol Group or Gp. "Group" or "Gp" is always written with a capital G in a botanical name, or epithet.[lower-alpha 1] The Group is not italicized in a plant's name.[1] The ICNCP introduced the term and symbol "Group" in 2004, as a replacement for the lengthy and hyphenated "cultivar-group", which had previously been the category's name since 1969. For the old name "cultivar-group", the non-standard abbreviation cv. group or cv. Group is also sometimes encountered.[3] There is a slight difference in meaning, since a cultivar-group was defined to comprise cultivars,[2] whereas a Group may include individual plants.[1]

The ICNCP distinguishes between the terms "group" and "Group", a "group" being "an informal taxon not recognized in the ICBN", while a "Group" is the formal taxon defined by the ICNCP (see above).[4]

This categorization does not apply to plant taxonomy generally, only to horticultural and agricultural contexts. Any given Group may have a different taxonomic classification, such as a subspecific name (typically a form or variety name, given in italics) after the genus and species.

A Group is usually united by a distinct common trait, and often includes members of more than one species within a genus.[5] For example, early flowering cultivars in the genus Iris form the Iris Dutch Group. A plant species that loses its taxonomic status in botany, but still has agricultural or horticultural value, meets the criteria for a cultivar group, and its former botanical name can be reused as the name of its cultivar group. For example, Hosta fortunei is usually no longer recognized as a species, and the ICNCP states that the epithet fortunei can be used to form Hosta Fortunei Group.[1]

Orthography

Every word in a Group name is capitalized (unless that conflicts with linguistic custom; for example, lower-case is used after a hyphen in a hyphenated term, like "Red-skinned", and used for conjunctions and prepositions except in the first word of the name). This is followed by the capitalized word "Group". The combined Group name is not italicized or otherwise stylized, and follows the italicized Latin epithet. It can also be used after a vernacular name for the species, genus, or other category. Examples:[1]

  • Lilium Darkest Red Group
  • Neofinetia falcata Hariba Group
  • hollyhock Chater's Double Group

"Group" may be abbreviated "Gp" (without a terminal . character[lower-alpha 2]). A cultivar group may be surrounded by parentheses (round brackets) for clarity in long epithets:[1]

  • Solanum tuberosum (Maincrop Group) 'Desiree'

ICNCP illustrates this order consistently, though in actual practice the cultivar name in single quotation marks may come before that of the cultivar group (with or without parentheses):

  • Solanum tuberosum 'Desiree' Maincrop Group

"Group" is translated in non-English material, and uses the word order of the language in question, but is always capitalized. Translation may or may not be applied to the name itself. For example, "Chater's Double Group" may appear as "Groupe Chater's Double" in French (retaining the English name but translating "Group" and using French word order), yet with full translation as "Chaters Doppelte Gruppe" in German.[1]

Groups are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, the same potato may be designated Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Group, or Solanum tuberosum Red-skinned Group, or given with both as Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Red-skinned Group, "depending on the purpose of the classification used".[1]

See also
  • Grex (horticulture), a taxonomic category for hybrid orchids, defined by parentage rather than by characteristics
  • Polyploid, having extra sets of chromosomes. Polyploidy is a characteristic sometimes used to define a cultivar group.

Notes
  1. ICNCP's publisher, the International Society for Horticultural Science, also prefers to use the capitalized orthography in running text, e.g. "several Groups", but this stylization has not been universally adopted even in specialist literature. It is always given as "Group" or "Gp" in an actual name.
  2. "Gp" without a period (full point) is consistent with other abbreviated horticultural symbols like "gx" for grex, and differs from higher-level taxonomic style, e.g. "var." for "variety" and "f. sp." for "forma specialis" in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN).

References
  1. Brickell, C. D.; et al., eds. (2009). "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants" (PDF). Scripta Horticulturae (8th ed.). International Society of Horticultural Science. 10: 1–184. ISBN 978-0-643-09440-6. Art. 3.1: "The formal category which may comprise cultivars, individual plants or combinations thereof on the basis of defined character-based similarity is the Group"; Glossary: "Group - a formal category denoting an assemblage of cultivars, individual plants, or assemblages of plants on the basis of defined similarity"
  2. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, 4th edition (1969), 5th edition (1980) and 6th edition (1995)
  3. CABI's Plantwise database, for example, uses "cv. group".
  4. Brickell, C. D.; et al., eds. (2009). "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants" (PDF). Scripta Horticulturae (8th ed.). International Society of Horticultural Science. 10: 143. ISBN 978-0-643-09440-6.
  5. "Groups". HorTax.org. HorTax: Cultivated Plant Taxonomy Group. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
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