2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The 2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was one of the deadliest South-West Indian cyclone seasons on record, mostly due to Cyclone Freddy. It officially began on 15 November 2022, and ended on 30 April 2023, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it ended on 15 May 2023. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. However, tropical cyclones can form year-round, and all tropical cyclones that form between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023 will be part of the season. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion and unofficially by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed23 September 2022
Last system dissipated21 May 2023
Strongest storm
By maximum sustained windsFreddy
 • Maximum winds230 km/h (145 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure927 hPa (mbar)
By central pressureDarian
 • Maximum winds220 km/h (140 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total disturbances10
Total depressions10
Total storms9
Tropical cyclones6
Intense tropical cyclones3
Very intense tropical cyclones2
Total fatalities>1,483 total
(Second-deadliest South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season on record)
Total damage$675 million (2023 USD)
Related articles

The season was average in terms of the number of systems that formed, with nine systems becoming at least moderate tropical storms, and six reaching tropical cyclone strength. Activity began early, with the first two systems (Ashley and Balita) developing in September and October, and ended late with Fabien in May. The season featured Cyclone Freddy, which became the longest-lived tropical cyclone on record, beating the previous record of Hurricane John in 1994, and also had the highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of any tropical cyclone on record worldwide, surpassing Hurricane Ioke in 2006. In addition, Freddy is the only known tropical cyclone to achieve seven separate rapid intensification cycles. The strongest system of the season was Cyclone Darian.

In the month of January, Cyclone Cheneso brought flooding and strong winds to Madagascar. In May, Cyclone Fabien formed close to the equator and became the latest intense tropical cyclone in the satellite era, surpassing Cyclone Billy-Lila of 1986 by six days. Tropical cyclones during this season collectively caused at least 1,483 deaths and more than $675 million in damage.

Seasonal forecasts
Forecast
Center		 Systems
Mauritius Meteorological Services 11–9 tropical cyclones
Météo-France 6–10 tropical cyclones
Forecast
Center		 Chance of
above average
Météo-France 30% 60% 10%
Source: Seasonal Outlook for Tropical Cyclones.[1][2]

In October 2022, Météo-France issued its seasonal forecast of cyclone activity for the basin. The MFR predicted a season that was slightly below average to average, citing the effects of a La Niña event. The MFR placed chances of a below-average season at 60%. Average cyclone activity was given a 30% chance, and an above-average level of activity was given a 10% chance. The season in the South-West Indian Ocean was expected to be near- to below-average, with 6–10 systems of moderate tropical storm intensity or higher.[2]

The Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) released their summer 2022–23 outlooks. An average season, with around eleven to nine cyclones forming, was expected.[1] The MMS indicated that the eastern part of the basin would present more favorable conditions for cyclogenesis in the first half of summer, and the western part of the basin would become more conducive to storm formation during the second half of summer.[1]

Seasonal summary
Cyclone FreddyCyclone Cheneso
Cyclone Freddy (left) nearing Madagascar and the tropical depression which later developed into Cyclone Enala (right) over the open Indian Ocean on 21 February.

The season began early, with a weak tropical low being produced on 22 September.[3] Improving conditions over the next three days allowed the development of the system, which strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm Ashley on 27 September.[4][5] The system slowly moved westward and weakened into a remnant low on 30 September.[6] Pre-season activity continued, with a disturbance being produced as a result of a westerly wind burst.[7][8] Another storm formed on 6 October, and was named Balita on 8 October.[9] In November 2022, Tropical Low 02U (reclassified the system as Tropical Depression 03) entered the basin and degenerated into a remnant low by the next day.[10][11] In December, Cyclone Darian (classified as a very intense tropical cyclone) entered the basin, before gradually weakening.[12]

In January 2023, a new disturbance became a tropical depression and was later named Cheneso. The cyclone strengthened to severe tropical storm status before making landfall over Madagascar on 19 January.[13] It re-intensified to Cyclone Cheneso after moving southwestwards as an overland depression status. It was last noted as a subtropical depression on 29 January. In February 2023, Tropical Low 11U from the Australian region moved into this basin, where it was classified as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani. Although initially struggling to intensify due to wind shear, it gradually intensified and eventually reached tropical cyclone status, before moving southwestwards and dissipated.

Cyclone Freddy moved the Australian area and reached this region, where MFR immediately classed it as a tropical cyclone status. It subsequently strengthened into a very intense tropical cyclone status. Freddy later intensified into a Category 5 tropical cyclone before making landfall over Madagascar. It weakened as it crossed the Mozambique Channel, but it re-intensified to severe tropical storm status before making landfall in Mozambique, it unexpectedly reappeared in the Mozambique Channel. It was upgraded to tropical cyclone status. It weakened but began to re-strengthen when it approached Mozambique, the storm gradually deteriorated and last noted on 14 March. Another tropical depression formed and strengthened into Moderate Tropical Storm Enala, which subsequently evolved into a tropical cyclone and last occurred on 28 February. Another period of inactivity then ensued, until a Moderate Tropical Storm 09 formed and dissipated quickly. In May, Fabien formed close to the equator and became an intense tropical cyclone, which was unusually strong this late in the season before encountering increasing wind shear.

Systems

Moderate Tropical Storm Ashley
Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration23 September – 28 September
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones

On 22 September, a near-equatorial trough produced a weak tropical low in the Indian Ocean, initially expected by MFR to not form due to upper wind shear.[3] Environmental conditions improved over the next 3 days,[4] and the low organized enough to become the first tropical depression of the season by 26 September.[14] Early the next day, the JTWC subsequently designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 02S, citing a scatterometer pass indicating tropical storm-force winds in its western and eastern semicircles.[15] The MFR also upgraded the system into a moderate tropical storm, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) named it Ashley.[16][5] The system then reached peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph),[5] before succumbing to strong northeasterly shear and significant dry air intrusions late on the same day, prompting the JTWC to issue their final advisory on Ashley.[17] The MFR terminated advisories by 06:00 UTC on 28 September as Ashley weakened into a remnant low,[6] but continued to track the storm until it was last noted on 30 September as a dissipating low.[18]

Moderate Tropical Storm Balita
Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration3 October – 9 October
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
996 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones

On 2 October, the MFR began to monitor a disturbance associated with the convergence of the westerly wind burst.[7] However, convective activity was located in the low-level convergences.[19] Later the next day, the JTWC began monitoring an area of convection.[20] Satellite images indicated that the low-level cloud lines wrapping into the low-level center.[21] Early on 5 October, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system.[22] The JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 03S at 03:00 UTC on 6 October.[23] By 06:00 UTC, the MFR upgraded it to a tropical depression.[24] An ASCAT pass featured below gale-force winds on its southern quadrant.[25] Despite moderate northeasterly wind shear, convection increased around the system.[26]

The MFR further upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on 8 October with the name Balita from the MMS.[27][9] Microwave imagery revealed that Balita had improved its convective structure.[28] At 06:00 UTC on 9 October, Balita's structure became elongated and asymmetrical, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression.[29][30] Later that same day, the MFR ceased advisories, and the JTWC followed suit.[31] The remnants fully dissipated on 13 October.[32]

Tropical Depression 03
Tropical depression (MFR)
 
Duration5 November (Entered basin) – 6 November
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1008 hPa (mbar)

On 5 November, Tropical Low 02U that was being monitored by the MFR crossed into the South-West Indian Ocean basin from the Australian region.[10] At the time, there was no more convection associated, only a low-level vortex.[10] Thunderstorm activity has resumed in the southern part of the system in the last few hours.[10] Upon entering the basin, the JTWC ceased advisories by 09:00 UTC that day.[33] The MFR's reclassified the system as Tropical Depression 03.[11] Environmental conditions were assessed as being marginally conducive for tropical cyclogenesis, with low vertical wind shear and moderate equatorial outflow.[34] At 06:00 UTC on 6 November, the MFR's issued their last warning as the system degenerated into a remnant low.[8]

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Darian
Very intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration21 December (Entered basin) – 30 December
Peak intensity220 km/h (140 mph) (10-min);
920 hPa (mbar)

On 21 December, Severe Tropical Cyclone Darian moved into the basin from the Australian region, and was immediately classified as a very intense tropical cyclone by MFR.[12] Darian exhibited a highly symmetrical cloud structure around a well-defined eye.[35] Shortly afterward, Darian's cloud pattern deteriorated and its eye started to become less defined, causing the cyclone to weaken to an intense tropical cyclone by 18:00 UTC.[36] Darian weakened to a Category 3-equivalent cyclone the next day, as the convective cloud tops had warmed slightly.[37] Darian's then weakened due to strong wind shear, and was downgraded into a tropical cyclone.[38] With a well-defined eye and impressive appearance on satellite imagery, Darian re-intensified, reaching 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) around 06:00 UTC on 23 December.[39] The cyclone was highly compact, with a distinct eye surrounded by cold cloud tops.[40] Around the same time, the JTWC's also assessed Darian as having 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), making the storm a Category 4-equivalent cyclone again on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS).[41] Darian became quasi-stationary due to the presence of two main flows.[42] The cyclone's eye can be seen from satellite imagery, and its cloud tops warmed to −99 to −108 °F (−73 to −78 °C).[43] Steady weakening occurred thereafter as it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle.[44]

Multispectral animated satellite imagery revealed a 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) surrounded eye around deep convection as a result, the cyclone weakened to Category 2-equivalent cyclone.[45] Further weakening occurred as the MFR assessed that Darian's winds bottomed out at 155 km/h (100 mph).[46] At 03:00 UTC on 26 December, the JTWC reported that Darian had re-strengthened to 205 km/h (125 mph) with a warm 14 °F (−10 °C), a wide eye 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi), and was surrounded by cold, −98 to −116 °F (−72 to −82 °C) cloud tops.[47] Using the Dvorak technique, MFR estimated winds of 185 km/h (115 mph).[48][49] Due to moderate east-northeasterly vertical wind shear, Darian fell to 155 km/h (100 mph) winds, according to MFR.[50] Just six hours later, the eye feature persisted, consisting of a warm area within the cooling eyewall.[51] At 15:00 UTC on 27 December, the JTWC further downgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone.[52] Satellite imagery showed that the cloud pattern began to rapidly deteriorate, and MFR followed suit and declared it a severe tropical storm.[53] The JTWC also reported that Darian's weakened into a tropical storm.[54] By 00:00 UTC on 29 December, Darian weakened into a moderate tropical storm, after the convection diminished around the center.[55] MFR issued its last advisory on the storm on 30 December as it transitioned into a post-tropical depression.[56] The JTWC also discontinued warnings on the system around 03:00 UTC on 31 December.[57]

Tropical Cyclone Cheneso
Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration16 January – 29 January
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
965 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Cheneso

Cheneso formed on 16 January to the south of Diego Garcia.[58] The system meandered southwestward, becoming a tropical disturbance on 18 January.[59] By late the next day, the system had intensified into Moderate Tropical Storm Cheneso, and the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 08S.[60][13] Satellite imagery showed that a central dense overcast (CDO) was obscuring the low-level circulation center (LLCC), and Cheneso intensified further into a severe tropical storm.[61][62] The cyclone moved ashore in northern Madagascar on 17 January and quickly weakened as it crossed the country.[63][64] It emerged into the Mozambique Channel as a weak tropical disturbance.[65] Cheneso again reached open waters, and briefly re-intensified into a tropical cyclone.[66] By 06:00 UTC on 29 January, Cheneso structure became poorly organized, prompting MFR to reclassify the storm as a post-tropical depression.[67] The JTWC discontinued warnings on the system around 03:00 UTC on 30 January.[68]

Authorities issued an alert of heavy rain in the country, posing an imminent risk of flooding and landslides.[69] The National Bureau of Risk and Disaster Management (BNGRC) reported 90,870 affected people, and 34,100 were displaced.[70] Overall, the cyclone was responsible for 33 deaths and 20 others missing.[70] Damage from the storm is estimated to exceed $20 million.[71]

Tropical Cyclone Dingani
Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration9 February (Entered basin) – 15 February
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
971 hPa (mbar)

On 9 February, Tropical Low 11U from the Australian region entered the basin and was designated as Moderate Tropical Storm Dingani.[72] By 03:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA, after noting persistent deep convection within its southern quadrant.[73] Later that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 13S.[74] The storm had a broad and fully exposed LCC, but was struggling due to northeasterly vertical windshear.[75][76] By 00:00 UTC on 11 February, as convection maintained near the center, the MFR upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm.[77] Later the next day, Dingani had rapidly consolidated as it formed a 20 km (12 mi) diameter eye, including a significant improved convective structure; the JTWC's assessed the storm to have strengthened into 140 km/h (85 mph) of winds.[78] Dingani continued to intensify and soon became a tropical cyclone.[79] Twelve hours later, the cyclone maintained a well defined-eye.[80] However, shear began impacting the storm, causing the eye to disappear.[81] By 00:00 UTC on 14 February, Dingani weakened back into a severe tropical storm.[82] The JTWC also reported that Dingani's weakened into a tropical storm.[83] Later the next day, Dingani later transitioned into a post-tropical depression.[84] The system was poorly organized, with a high wind shear environment, and the JTWC issued a final warning on the system on 16 February.[85]

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy
Very intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration14 February (Entered basin) – 14 March
Peak intensity230 km/h (145 mph) (10-min);
927 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Freddy
See also: Meteorological history of Cyclone Freddy and Humanitarian response to Cyclone Freddy

On 14 February, Severe Tropical Cyclone Freddy moved into the basin from the Australian region and was classified as a tropical cyclone.[86] The agency later upgraded the system to an intense tropical cyclone.[87] Freddy's structure began to improve as an eye feature was becoming visible in a small central dense overcast.[88] Freddy then began to exhibit some annular characteristics, before re-intensifying and reaching 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph) around 03:00 UTC on 15 February.[89] The JTWC noted that Freddy had a small symmetric 8 km (5.0 mi) eye.[90] Later that next day, Freddy had become a Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 270 km/h (165 mph).[91][92] During 19 February, the storm weakened slightly then intensified once again and was reclassified as a very intense tropical cyclone by MFR.[93][94] By 00:00 UTC on 20 February, Freddy's cloud pattern slightly deteriorated, causing the cyclone to weaken to an intense tropical cyclone.[95] During the next day, Freddy made its first landfall Mananjary, Madagascar.[96] Freddy had degenerated into an overland depression.[97] Freddy substantially weakened as it traversed the mountainous terrain of Madagascar.[98] Freddy rapidly weakened overland, but re-attained severe tropical storm on 23 February after moving over the Mozambique Channel.[99] Soon afterward, Freddy made second landfall south of Vilankulos, Mozambique.[100] When Freddy re-emerged into the Mozambique Channel, MFR resumed advisories on the system as tropical disturbance on 2 March.[101]

Satellite imagery showed that an ill-defined eye was visible, and Freddy intensified further into a tropical cyclone.[102][103] Freddy rapidly weakened as a result of the presence of higher wind shear as well as dry air intrusion.[104] Later that next day, the storm weakened to 110 km/h (70 mph).[104] The JTWC and MFR indicated that Freddy strengthened into 120 km/h (75 mph).[105][106] Freddy made its final landfall on Quelimane, Zambezia Province, Mozambique.[107][108] Freddy gradually degraded and MFR ceased monitoring it as an overland depression on 13 March.[109][110] Once inland, MFR ceased monitoring it as a tropical cyclone on 14 March.[111][112]

In anticipation of Freddy, MFR issued a cyclone yellow pre-alert for the island of Réunion.[113] Freddy passed within 200 km (120 mi) of the Mauritian just north of Grand Bay, producing wind gusts on the island at Port Louis up to 104 km/h (65 mph).[114][115][116] Freddy impacted Réunion with its effects being relatively limited.[117][118][119] At least 20,000 people were displaced in Malawi.[120][121] President of Malawi, Lazarus Chakwera, declared a state of disaster in the southern regions.[122][123] The power utility had turned off the electricity completely as a precaution against the cyclone in Mozambique.[124] All flights were suspended due to the inclement weather brought by Freddy.[125] At least 1,434 persons were killed overall by the storm, including 537 who are still missing and assumed dead in Malawi, 198 in Mozambique, 17 in Madagascar, 2 in Zimbabwe, and one in Mauritius.[126] Total damages are estimated to reach $655 million, making it the second-costliest cyclone in the south-west Indian Ocean after Cyclone Idai in 2019.[71]

Tropical Cyclone Enala
Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration19 February – 28 February
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

On 18 February, the MFR began monitoring a clockwise circulation located in the far northeastern corner of the basin, west-northwest of Cocos Islands.[127] On the following day it was classified as a zone of disturbed weather by the MFR.[128] Convection had accelerated and was near to the circulation's center.[129] During 22 February, the system began to show signs of organization, and the system gained sufficient organization, noted by curved cloud bands, to be classified as a tropical depression.[130] Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system.[131] By 09:00 UTC that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 14S.[132] The MFR further upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm with the name Enala from the MMS.[133] Enala's cloud pattern slightly changed in the southwestern semicircle of the system.[134] Enala strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone on 23 February.[135]

MFR also upgraded the system into a severe tropical storm.[136] The cyclone began to show an eye that was visible on satellite imagery.[137] Enala intensified into tropical cyclone at 00:00 UTC on 24 February.[138] Enala significantly weakened due to strong northwesterly wind shear, prompting the MFR to downgrade the system back to 110 km/h (70 mph).[139] Later that next day, the JTWC also reported that Enala's weakened into a tropical storm.[140] Returning to vertical wind shear with winds of 20–25 km/h (12–16 mph), Enala downgraded to moderate tropical storm status by the MFR.[141] During 28 February, while continuing to weaken, both the MFR and JTWC ceased issuing advisories due to it initiating subtropical transition.[142][143]

Moderate Tropical Storm 09
Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
 
Duration25 March – 28 March
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
997 hPa (mbar)

On 21 March, a weak low-pressure developed over the central Indian Ocean, MFR initially estimated a "very low" chance of a tropical cyclone.[144] During 25 March, organization ensued with deep convection wrapping into its near center in the western and southern quadrants.[145] The system began moving southwards, and on the next day it was classified as a zone of disturbed weather.[146] After meandering for several days, the system began to take a more southerly track, and at 06:00 UTC on 27 March, it was upgraded to a tropical depression.[147] Convective activity associated with the system eventually became limited and the system degenerated into a remnant low by 06:00 UTC on 28 March.[148] During post-storm analysis from the MFR, the system was upgraded into a moderate tropical storm on 26 March, although it remained unnamed.[149]

Intense Tropical Cyclone Fabien
Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration12 May – 21 May
Peak intensity175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min);
958 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones, List of tropical cyclones near the Equator, and Lu Peng Yuan Yu sinking

The active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) led to the MFR forecasting that a cyclonic circulation would form in the Indonesian region to the east of its area of responsibility (AoR).[150] This also aided the development of Cyclone Mocha north of the equator.[151] Long-range ensemble forecast guidance from the Global Forecast System (GFS) and the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) suggested the possibility of a storm forming.[152] A low-pressure developed within the western part, extending across the equator on 8 May.[153][154][155] The system began to organize with deep convection obscuring its LLCC.[156] During 13 May, the system had consolidated into a tropical disturbance.[157] Later the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system.[158] Later the next day, cloud pattern continued to improve with its CDO, and the system organized into a tropical depression.[159] The depression strengthened and became a Moderate Tropical Storm, assigning the name Fabien.[160] The JTWC subsequently classified it as Tropical Cyclone 19S.[161]

Operationally, the MFR estimated winds of 75 km/h (45 mph), but reevaluation of ASCAT, the MFR revised the estimated to 95 km/h (60 mph), causing the system to become a severe tropical storm.[162] The storm had an intense band of intense deep convection wrapping over the LLCC, and as a result, Fabien strengthened into a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone.[163] Fabien began showing an eye structure seen in microwave imaging, with Fabien later becoming a tropical cyclone.[164] With a solid eyewall of deep convection surrounding an eye, the JTWC upgraded Fabien to a Category 2-equivalent cyclone at 15:00 UTC on 15 May, estimating that the storm possessed 1-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph).[165]

Fabien organized into a very symmetric cyclone with an eye about 13 km (8.1 mi) eye in diameter.[166] As a result, the JTWC upgraded Fabien to a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone.[166] The MFR later upgraded Fabien into an intense tropical cyclone, becoming the latest cyclone of that intensity in the satellite era, surpassing Cyclone Billy-Lila of 1986 by six days.[167][168] Moderate wind shear started to affect the west and southwest parts of Fabien, and its eyewall began to erode.[169] Fabien weakened to tropical cyclone strength by 06:00 UTC on 17 May.[169] Convection increased again, and after the storm acquired a warm core, MFR reported that Fabien's winds weakened to 110 km/h (70 mph).[170] Fabien steadily weakened as it began to advect dry air into its circulation, deteriorating into a moderate tropical storm.[171] The MFR and JTWC determined Fabien degenerated into a remnant low, and the last advisory was issued on 21 May.[172][173]

Around 19:00 UTC on 15 May,[174] a Chinese fishing boat, the Lu Pen Yuan Yu, capsized as 7 m (23 ft) waves battered the vessel. At the time of the sinking, 39 people were on the boat: 17 Chinese nationals, 17 Indonesian nationals, and 5 Filipino nationals. So far, 16 dead bodies have been recovered.[175][176]

Storm names

Within the South-West Indian Ocean, tropical depressions and subtropical depressions that are judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph) by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center on Réunion island, France (RSMC La Réunion) are usually assigned a name. However, it is the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers in Mauritius and Madagascar who name the systems. The Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Mauritius Meteorological Services) in Mauritius names a storm if it intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 55°E and 90°E. If instead a cyclone intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 30°E and 55°E then the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Meteo Madagascar) in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. Storm names are taken from three pre-determined lists of names, which rotate on a triennial basis, with any names that have been used automatically removed. Therefore, all storm names used this year will be removed from the rotation and replaced with a new name for the 2025–26 season, while the unused names will remain on the list.[177] New names this season are: Ashley, Balita, Cheneso, Dingani, Enala, Fabien, Gezani, Horacio, Indusa and Juluka. They replaced Ambali, Belna, Calvinia, Diane, Esami, Francisco, Gabekile, Herold, Irondro and Jeruto during the 2019–20 season.[177] The name Enala was misspelled by Météo-France (MFR).

  • Ashley
  • Balita
  • Cheneso
  • Dingani
  • Enala
  • Fabien
  • Gezani (unused)
  • Horacio (unused)
  • Indusa (unused)
  • Juluka (unused)
  • Kundai (unused)
  • Lisebo (unused)
  • Michel (unused)
  • Nousra (unused)
  • Olivier (unused)
  • Pokera (unused)
  • Quincy (unused)
  • Rebaone (unused)
  • Salama (unused)
  • Tristan (unused)
  • Ursula (unused)
  • Violet (unused)
  • Wilson (unused)
  • Xila (unused)
  • Yekela (unused)
  • Zaina (unused)

If a tropical cyclone enters the South-West Indian basin from the Australian region basin (west of 90°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM). The following storms were named in this manner.[178]

After the season, the six names used were automatically retired and replaced with Awo, Blossom, Chakalisa, Desterai, Edgar, and Fytia, respectively for the 2025–26 season.

Season effects

This table lists all of the tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones that were monitored during the 2022–2023 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Information on their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, primarily comes from RSMC La Réunion. Death and damage reports come from either press reports or the relevant national disaster management agency while the damage totals are given in 2022 or 2023 USD.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Ashley23 – 28 SeptemberModerate tropical storm75 km/h (45 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Balita3 – 9 October Moderate tropical storm65 km/h (40 mph)996 hPa (29.41 inHg)NoneNoneNone
035 – 6 NovemberTropical depression55 km/h (35 mph)1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Darian21 – 30 DecemberVery intense tropical cyclone220 km/h (140 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Cheneso16 – 29 JanuaryTropical cyclone140 km/h (85 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Madagascar$20 million33[70]
Dingani9 – 15 FebruaryTropical cyclone140 km/h (85 mph)971 hPa (28.67 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Freddy14 February – 14 MarchVery intense tropical cyclone230 km/h (145 mph)927 hPa (27.37 inHg)Mascarene Islands, Madagascar, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi$655 million1,434[126]
Enala19 – 28 FebruaryTropical cyclone120 km/h (75 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)NoneNoneNone
0925 – 28 MarchModerate tropical storm75 km/h (45 mph)997 hPa (29.44 inHg)NoneNoneNone
Fabien12 – 21 MayIntense tropical cyclone175 km/h (110 mph)958 hPa (28.29 inHg)Diego GarciaNone16[176]
Season aggregates
10 systems23 September 2022 – 21 May 2023230 km/h (145 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)$675 million>1,483

See also

References
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