Debt management plan
Debt management plan (DMP) is an agreement between a debtor and a creditor that addresses the terms of an outstanding debt.[1] This commonly refers to a personal finance process of individuals addressing high consumer debt. Debt management plans help reduce outstanding, unsecured debts over time to help the debtor regain control of finances. The process can secure a lower overall interest rate, longer repayment terms, or an overall reduction in the debt itself.[2]
| Personal finance |
|---|
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| Credit · Debt |
| Employment contract |
| Retirement |
| Personal budget and investment |
| See also |
Overview
DMPs for consumers are often negotiated by a credit counseling agency on behalf of the debtor.[1] Credit counseling agencies often address the debt by working with the debtor to set a budget based on their regular income and expenditures that will then include one regular bill payment that is allocated across the creditor(s). Agencies will negotiate on behalf of the debtor to lower payments and interest rates with creditors. Some of the agencies are non-profits that charge no or non-fee rates, while others can be for-profit and include high fees.[1] The effect on the debtor's overall credit score will vary.[3] In the United Kingdom, as well as DMPs, residents can also apply for an Individual voluntary arrangement (IVAs), which can give the debtor a discount on their debt.[4]
Regulations
United States
In the United States, credit counseling agencies are loosely regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation's consumer protection agency, which can sue companies that have deceived consumers about the cost, nature, or benefits of their services.[1] Different states may regulate DMPs individually and attorneys general are empowered to protect state citizens from fraud.[5]
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the Financial Conduct Authority is responsible for the regulation of consumer credit and has established a Debt Management Plan Protocol. It can impose fines for improper conduct.[4]
European Union
Elsewhere in the European Union, regulation and non-regulation of credit counseling agencies and their approaches, including DMPs, are widely varied. In Sweden, guidelines for credit counseling are loosely provided by the Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (TCO) and creditors are encouraged to use them in lieu of the court system. In Ireland, the Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU) provides debt resolution information directly to debtors. In Latvia, a debt advisory company called LAKRA works with employers to assist indebted employees.[6]
References
- FTC (Federal Trade Commission). "For People on Debt Management Plans: A Must-Do List" (PDF). FTC.GOV. Federal Trade Commission (United States Government). Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Joan Ryan (14 January 2011). Personal Financial Literacy. Cengage Learning. pp. 292–. ISBN 978-0-8400-5829-4. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
- Sandberg, Erica (August 9, 2013). "Will a Debt Management Plan Hurt Your Credit Score?". Fox Business News. Fox News. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- Evans, Judith (December 18, 2014). "UK debt management company Harrington Brooks to pay compensation". FT.COM Financials. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- CIVIL COURT COMMITTEE CONSUMER AFFAIRS COMMITTEE (New York State Bar Association) (May 2012). "PROFITEERING FROM FINANCIAL DISTRESS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEBT SETTLEMENT INDUSTRY" (PDF). Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- DuBois, Hans (August 11, 2011). "Household debt advisory services in the European Union" (PDF). EUROFOUND. Retrieved 30 December 2014.