Delta2 Lyrae

Delta2 Lyrae (δ2 Lyr) is a 4th magnitude star in the constellation Lyra, approximately 900 light years away from Earth. It is one of the M4II spectral standard stars,[7] meaning it is a bright giant star with a surface temperature around 3,600 kelvins. It puts out more energy than 10,000 suns, although more than 90% of it at longer than visual wavelengths. Direct angular measurements, combined with the Hipparcos parallax, give a radius of 1.1[8] - 1.3[9] astronomical units, comparable to the size calculated from other observed data.

For other stars with this Bayer designation, see δ Lyrae.
δ2 Lyrae
Location of δ2 Lyrae (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Lyra
Right ascension 18h 54m 30.2838s
Declination +36° 53′ 55.007″
Apparent magnitude (V) 4.22 - 4.33[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type M4 II[1]
U−B color index +1.65
B−V color index +1.68
Variable type SRc?[1]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-25.55 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −7.36 mas/yr
Dec.: 4.06 mas/yr
Parallax (π)4.43 ± 0.18 mas
Distance740 ± 30 ly
(226 ± 9 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−3.3[2]
Details
Mass7.3[3] M☉
Radius286[3] - 381[4] R☉
Luminosity12,900[3] - 23,100[4] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)0[5] cgs
Temperature3,550[5] - 3,650[4] K
Other designations
Delta2 Lyrae, 12 Lyrae, HR 7139, BD+36°3319, HD 175588, SAO 67559, HIP 92791, GC 25959, CCDM J18545+3654, WDS J18545+3654
Database references
SIMBADdata
Lyra with the δ Lyrae pair and surrounding cluster stars left of centre
A light curve for Delta2 Lyrae, plotted from Hipparcos data[6]

It began life as a hot blue main sequence star, but now is a large cool asymptotic giant branch star with a degenerate carbon-oxygen core. It is a semi-regular variable star that has its brightness change by 0.2 magnitudes over an ill-defined period. Delta2 Lyrae was once thought to form a visual binary with the star Delta1 Lyrae, but it does not, only appearing to do so if seen from earth's direction.

δ2 Lyrae is a variable star, probably a semiregular variable. It has a magnitude range of 4.22 to 4.33.[1] It is the brightest member of the scattered open cluster Stephenson 1, also known as the δ Lyrae Cluster. Other known members include δ1 Lyrae, a handful of 8th-9th magnitudes stars, and at least thirty other stars down to 14th magnitude.[10][2]

Multiple star catalogues list several companions to δ2 Lyrae, with designations such as ADS 11825. Two of them are a close pair of 10th magnitude stars about 87" from δ2, designated components B and C.[11] The spectral type of the pair suggests that they are at the same distance as Delta2 Lyrae, which could mean that the three stars form a triple star system. In this case, the ADS 11825BC pair would be 24,000 AU away from δ2 Lyrae, and it would take 24,000 years for it to make an orbit. The two stars in the BC system take at least 10,500 years to make an orbit and are separated by 600AU.

References
  1. Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  2. Eggen, O. J. (April 1968). "Photometric evidence for the existence of a delta Lyrae cluster". Astrophysical Journal. 152: 77. Bibcode:1968ApJ...152...77E. doi:10.1086/149525.
  3. Tsuji, T. (2007). "Isotopic abundances of Carbon and Oxygen in Oxygen-rich giant stars". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2: 307–310. arXiv:astro-ph/0610180. Bibcode:2007IAUS..239..307T. doi:10.1017/S1743921307000622. S2CID 119362842.
  4. Blum, R. D.; Ramirez, S. V.; Sellgren, K.; Olsen, K. (2003). "Really Cool Stars and the Star Formation History at the Galactic Center". The Astrophysical Journal. 597 (1): 323–346. arXiv:astro-ph/0307291. Bibcode:2003ApJ...597..323B. doi:10.1086/378380. S2CID 5664467.
  5. Levesque, E. M.; Massey, P.; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, B.; Josselin, E.; Maeder, A.; Meynet, G. (2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901. S2CID 15109583.
  6. "/ftp/cats/more/HIP/cdroms/cats". Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Strasbourg astronomical Data Center. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  7. Garcia, B. (1989). "A list of MK standard stars". Bulletin d'Information du Centre de Données Stellaires. 36: 27. Bibcode:1989BICDS..36...27G.
  8. Dyck, H. M.; Benson, J. A.; Van Belle, G. T.; Ridgway, S. T. (1996). "Radii and Effective Temperatures for K and M Giants and Supergiants". The Astronomical Journal. 111: 1705. Bibcode:1996AJ....111.1705D. doi:10.1086/117910.
  9. Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (2005). "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 431 (2): 773. Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039.
  10. Stephenson, C. B. (1959). "A Possible New Galactic Cluster Involving δ Lyrae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 71 (419): 145. Bibcode:1959PASP...71..145S. doi:10.1086/127349.
  11. Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 3466. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920.
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