Demographics of Asia

The continent of Asia covers 29.4% of the Earth's land area and has a population of around 4.75 billion (as of 2022),[1] accounting for about 60% of the world population. The combined population of both China and India are estimated to be over 2.8 billion people as of 2022. Asia's population is projected to grow to 5.25 billion by 2055, or about 54% of projected world population at that time.[1] Population growth in Asia was close to 0.55% p.a. as of 2022, with highly disparate rates. Many Western Asian and South Asian countries have growth rates above world average, notably Pakistan at 2% p.a., while China had a small decrease of -0.06% and India had a 0.6% increase in 2022.

Graph showing population by continent as a percentage of world population (1750 - 2005)
Map of countries by population density

Population
See also: List of Asian countries by population and List of Asian countries by life expectancy
Asia population pyramid in 2023 based on the United Nations geoscheme for Asia

Population of Asia, 1–1820 C.E. (million)

Source: Maddison et al.[2]

Year[2] 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1820
China 59.6 59.0 103.0 160.0 138.0 381.0
India 75.0 75.0 110.0 135.0 165.0 209.0
Japan 3.0 7.5 15.4 18.5 27.0 31.0
Korea 1.6 3.9 8.0 10.0 12.2 13.8
Indonesia 2.8 5.2 10.7 11.7 13.1 17.9
Indochina 1.1 2.2 4.5 5.0 5.9 8.9
Other East Asia 5.9 9.8 14.4 16.9 19.8 23.6
Iran 4.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.6
Turkey 6.1 7.3 6.3 7.9 8.4 10.1
Other West Asia 15.1 8.5 7.5 8.5 7.4 8.5
Total Asia 174.2 182.9 283.8 378.5 401.8 710.4

Shares of World Population, Asia, 1–1998 A.D. (per cent of world total)

Source: Maddison et al.[2]

Year[2] 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1820 1870 1913 1950 1973 1999
China 25.8 22.0 23.5 28.8 22.9 36.6 28.2 24.4 21.7 22.5 21.0
India 32.5 28.0 25.1 24.3 27.3 20.1 19.9 17.0 14.2 14.8 16.5
Japan 1.3 2.8 3.5 3.3 4.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.1
Other Asia 15.9 15.4 12.7 11.7 11.9 8.6 9.4 10.3 15.5 17.3 19.8
Total Asia (excluding Japan) 74.2 65.4 61.3 64.8 62.1 65.3 57.5 51.7 51.4 54.7 57.4
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Countries Ranking By International Organisations
Life expectancy in Asia in 2019–2021, according to the World Bank Group
2022 List by the World Bank [3]
Countries Population (Thousands) TFR HDI
 China1,412,175.001.20.768
 India1,417,173.172.00.633
 Indonesia275,501.342.20.705
 Pakistan235,824.863.50.544
 Bangladesh171,186.372.00.661
 Japan125,124.991.30.925
 Philippines115,559.012.70.699
 Vietnam98,186.861.90.703
 Turkey85,341.241.90.838
 Iran88,550.571.70.774
 Thailand71,697.031.30.800
 Myanmar54,179.312.20.585
 South Korea51,628.120.80.925
 Iraq44,496.123.50.686
 Afghanistan41,128.774.60.478
 Saudi Arabia36,408.822.40.875
 Uzbekistan35,648.103.20.727
 Malaysia33,938.221.80.803
 Yemen33,696.613.80.455
 Nepal30,547.582.00.602
 North Korea26,069.421.8NA
 Sri Lanka22,181.002.00.782
 Kazakhstan19,621.973.30.811
 Syria22,125.252.70.577
 Cambodia16,767.842.30.593
 Jordan11,285.872.80.720
 Azerbaijan10,175.021.50.745
 United Arab Emirates9,441.131.50.911
 Tajikistan9,952.793.20.685
 Israel9,550.603.00.919
 Hong Kong (China)7,346.100.80.952
 Laos7,529.482.50.607
 Lebanon5,489.742.10.706
 Kyrgyzstan6,803.302.90.692
 Turkmenistan6,430.772.70.745
 Singapore5,637.021.10.939
 Oman4,576.302.60.816
 Kuwait4,268.872.10.831
 Georgia3,712.502.10.802
 Mongolia3,398.372.80.739
 Armenia2,780.471.60.759
 Qatar2,695.121.80.855
 Bahrain1,472.231.80.875
 East Timor1,341.303.10.607
 Cyprus1,251.491.30.896
 Bhutan782.461.40.666
 Macau (China)695.171.1NA
 Maldives523.791.70.747
 Brunei449.001.80.829
Asia4,682,346.461.890.70
Population Replacement2.1

Economy
Further information: Economy of Asia

Economically, most of Asia is traditionally considered part of the Second World, with the significant exception of the industrialized First World countries of Israel, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. Asian countries in the G-20 major economies include China, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Of these, Japan is also in the G8, and additionally China and India in the G8+5.

The Human Development Index of Asian countries range from Low to Very High category. The table below shows the 10 highest and lowest countries according to their Human Development Index scores based on the 2021 report.[4]

Ethnicities
Main article: Ethnic groups in Asia
Further information: Asian people
The language families of Asia

References
  1. "Asia Population". World Population Prospects 2022. United Nations. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  2. Maddison (27 July 2016). "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF).
  3. "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on January 20, 2020.
  4. "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
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