The Foundations

The Foundations were a British soul band who were primarily active between 1967 and 1970. The group's background was: West Indian, White British and Sri Lankan. Their 1967 debut single "Baby Now That I've Found You" reached number one in the UK and Canada, and number eleven in the US, while their 1968 single "Build Me Up Buttercup" reached number two in the UK and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. The group was the first multi-racial group to have a number one hit in the UK in the 1960s.[1]

This article is about the UK soul band. For other uses, see Foundation (disambiguation).

The Foundations
OriginLondon, England
GenresSoul, pop, rock
Years active1966–1970
LabelsPye, Castle, Uni
SpinoffsDevelopment
Spinoff ofThe Ramong Sound
Past membersOriginal Line-up
Eric Allandale
Pat Burke
Clem Curtis
Mike Elliott
Tony Gomez
Tim Harris
Peter MacBeth
Alan Warner

The Foundations were one of the few British acts to successfully imitate what became known as the Motown Sound. The Foundations signed to Pye, at the time one of only four big UK record companies (the others being EMI, which included the HMV, Columbia and Parlophone labels, Decca, and Philips, which also owned Fontana).[2]

Background

The Foundations attracted much interest and intrigue due to the size and structure of the group. Not only was there a diverse ethnic mix in the group, but there was also diversity in ages and musical backgrounds. The oldest member of the group, Mike Elliott, was 38 years old. The youngest was Tim Harris, who, at 18, was barely out of school. The West Indian horn section consisted of Jamaican-born Mike Elliott and Pat Burke, both saxophonists and Dominican-born Eric Allandale on trombone. They were all highly experienced musicians who came from professional jazz and rock-and-roll backgrounds.[3]

  • Pat Burke had been in groups since arriving in the UK at age 15,[12] and had studied music at the London Music Conservatorium.[13] A man of few words according to Bob Farmer of Disc and Music Echo who also described him as "a dormant Desmond Dekker, Burke's first love was Jazz. He played with jazz groups by due to the jobs not paying much, he joined The Foundations.[14]
  • Tony Gomez, the keyboard player, was a former clerk who had a job in County Hall in the architect's department.[22][23]
  • Tim Harris who was born in St. John's Wood had two brothers. One of them Nick was his twin.[24] According to the "Digging the Foundations" article by Bob Farmer in the 5 July issue of Disc and Music Echo, Harris had joined the merchant navy as a deckhand on a timer ship. He travelled to various parts of the world including Siberia but never saw much more than the docks. He came back to the UK and got involved with groups.[25]
  • Bassist Peter Macbeth was a former teacher who taught English and draughtsmanship in Singapore.[26] He had also worked for a paperback publishing firm.[27]

Origin

The origins of The Foundations go back to an R&B and ska outfit called The Ramong Sound.[15][30][28] aka Ramongs, and there were two lead singers, Raymond Morrison (aka Ramong Morrison[28]) and Clem Curtis.[31] Curtis had come to the group by way of his uncle who used to come around to the house with his guitar, and Curtis would sing along with him. Impressed with his nephew's singing he said to him, "There's this guy with a band called the Ramongs who is looking for singers". So Curtis went along and ended up joining the band.[32] He moved up from being a backing singer to sharing the lead with Raymond Morrison.[33] At some stage, Raymond was imprisoned for six months. Following his absence, a friend of the band called Joan who ran a record store suggested future Psychedelic shock rocker Arthur Brown.[34][35] Brown was a straight clean living man. He didn't drink, smoke or take drugs.[36] Decades later, Brown would recall when he walked in for his rehearsal at the Westbourne Grove bar, he Clem Curtis holding a spear to the throat of the drummer who was bent backwards over the bar.[37] Brown and Clem Curtis would each perform solo numbers as well as duets.[38] One of the members recalled a couple of years later that they did experiment with some underground-type music when Brown was with them.[39] Prior to Brown they unsuccessfully tried to recruit Rod Stewart. They did have a jam session with Stewart but be turned down their offer as was going for other musical styles.[28] Decades later, Alan Warner recalled that Stewart's girlfriend at the time Dee Harrington ended up being the secretary for The Foundations' management.[40][41]

The Foundations are said to have come together in Bayswater, London, in January 1967.[42][43] They practiced and played in a basement coffee bar club called the Butterfly Club, which they also ran.[44][42] The premises at one time were used as a gambling den. While managing the club themselves, they played music nightly, and handled the cooking and cleaning. They would get to bed around 6 or 7 a.m., sleep until 4 p.m., get up and begin again to get ready to open at 8 p.m. Sometimes they barely made enough money to pay the rent, let alone feed themselves. At times, they lived off the leftovers and a couple of pounds of rice.[45][28]

Career

1967

The 4 February 1967 issue of Melody Maker shows a booking for The Ramong Sound (mis-spelt as Ramog Sound) to play at the All-Star Club on Sunday, 5 February.[46]

Following their being forced out of their club by a protection racket gang who tied up Clem Curtis and held a knife to his throat,[31] they moved next door to the new premises, a run-down place that was once a mini-cab office. According to Alan Warner in his interview with It's Psychedelic Baby Magazine, dated 22 July 2011, this is where they were discovered.[28] The biography on AllMusic stated that Barry Class was the first to discover them.[1] Other sources claim they were discovered by Ron Fairway, a man with many music connections and who managed the group, The Ways and Means.[47][48] Fairway had his own agency, Ron Fairway Enterprises which was located at 6 Artesian Road, London W.2.[49] Fairway already had some success with his group, the Ways and Means. They already had record out, "Sea of Faces" on Pye.[50] It got to no.39 on the Radio City City Sixty chart for the Sunday 1 - Sunday 8 January 1967 period,[51] and on the 21st, no. 41 on the Radio Caroline chart.[52] Interestingly the Ways and Means would later end up being involved with a label that Barry Class created.[53]

In August 2023, Alan Warner was interviewed by Jack Hodgins of the Australian radio station, 2NUR FM. The interview appears to suggest that Raymond Morrison was still in the group when Ron Fairway approached them.

Ron Fairway told the group that he was going to get them a gig at Herne Bay. However, this job never materialized. The group sourced their own gigs which included a Caribbean club along Edgware Road and a few other clubs.[54]

The Foundations were booked to appear at Eel Pie Island on Sunday 14 May 1967.[55] Appearing as a support act, for their efforts they were paid a sum of £10.[56]

Arthur Brown appears to have left the group between the first and second quarter of 1967.[57] According to a 1993 interview of Brown with Allan Vorda, Arthur Brown could have signed with The Foundations and sung material from the writers of "Baby, Now That I've Found You" but he didn't want to be with the group for two years.[58]

The day Tony Macaulay came to hear the Foundations play, he was suffering from what he described as the worst hangover of his life. The band was playing so loud he could not judge how good they were, but he decided to give them a chance.[3] His comments are recorded in the book, 1000 UK No. 1 Hits by Jon Kutner and Spencer Leigh, that he woke up that morning with a stinking headache, and when he got to the studio and heard the Foundations, he thought they were pretty terrible. He decided his hangover was to blame, and so he gave them the benefit of the doubt.[59]

At first, they found progress quite slow, and one of their sax players, Pat Burke, had to drop out of the band and take another job while they went through a rough patch. He did rejoin them again later in 1967.[60] [61]

They were noticed by Brian Epstein, who added them to the roster of his NEMS Agency, but the contract became void after he died on August 27, 1967.[62][63]

"Baby, Now that I've Found You"

According to Roy Delo of Ron Fairway's group, The Ways and Means, they were offered the chance to record "Baby Now That I've Found You", but they turned it down. So it was given to The Foundations and Clem Curtis sang lead on the song.[53]

It was released on 25 August 1967. Reviewed in the Quick Spins section of Disc and Music Echo, the reviewer Benny Valentine liked it but remarked that it needed a bit more drive on the production and singing. It was a sleeper[57][64] And for ten weeks it didn't do anything in the charts.[65] Unlike The Ways and Means' single, "Sea of Faces" which was played on and became a hit on pirate radio stations, Radio City and Radio Caroline, "Baby, Now that I've Found You" wasn't played on them.[51][52] Luckily, the BBC's newly founded BBC Radio 1 was looking to avoid any records being played by the pirate radio stations and looked back at some recent releases that the pirate stations had missed. "Baby, Now That I've Found You" was one of them. The single then took off and by November was number one in the UK Singles Chart.[2] The Foundations were pictured on the front page of the 11 November issue of Melody Maker. Moving up from the previous week's no. 2 spot, they pushed The Bee Gees' single, "Massachusetts" off of the no. 1 spot of the Melody Maker Pop 30 chart.[66][67] This period was the ideal time for the group because of the soul boom that was happening in the UK since 1965 and, with American R&B stars visiting the country, interest and intrigue in the Foundations was generated.

With the Foundations in the top spot with "Baby, Now That I've Found You", Ron Fairway commented to Melody Maker that most managements would have pulled them out of the "bargain priced dates" that had been booked for some time. He expressed gratitude to everyone for their support, and said that they would fulfill every engagement for which they had signed.[3]

In addition to establishing The Foundations as a group, "Baby, Now That I've Found You" was also the song that established their song writer Tony Macaulay.[68]

Further activities

Not long after "Baby, Now That I've Found You" became a hit, there were issues. Rock historian Roger Dopson describes what followed as a "behind the scenes struggle",[3] where Fairway was "pushed out" and his partner, Barry Class, remained as sole manager of the group. Fairway later attempted to sue the band, alleging that he was wrongfully dismissed, though the band said that he had resigned of his own accord.[69] According to Dopson, Fairway had leaked a story to the media saying that the Foundations had broken up which only served to keep the Foundations name in the news headlines.[3] [70] Barry Class was quoted in the 18 November issue of Melody Maker as saying that it was a friction of personalities and it had been going on for about four months.[71] It was also confirmed by New Musical Express that same week that Fairway no longer had any association with the group and that agency representation would be only handled by Class. New Musical Express were also the first to be told that the follow up to "Baby, Now That I've Found You" would be "Back on My Feet Again". The article also said that the group would be doing a string of radio and television appearances to tie in with the single's release. With "Baby, Now that I've Found You" being released in the United States on the Uni label that week, they were filming a US promo for the single and hoping to fit in a three-day visit to the States at the end of the month. They were also planning to fly to the United States after the completion of their radio and television promotions for "Back on My Feet Again" in January.[72]

After "Baby Now that I've Found You" got its hit status, there was talk within the group of adding a trumpet player to the line-up. Both Allandale and Burke could double on trumpet, but they were still looking to add one.[73]

Debut album

The readers of New Musical Express were alerted to the new album by The Foundations with the worlds in bold, New LPs by Foundations and Jimi Hendrix on the front cover of the November 25 issue.[74] The album, From the Foundations was issued on Pye NPL 18206.[75] Nick Logan, NME reviewer gave the album a solid review and a track by track analysis, noting the Four Tops feel of "The Writings on the Wall". One of his favorites was "Mr. Personality Man". One song he didn't warm to was "Call Me".[76]

1968

The Foundations would tour the United States after their first hit, playing 32 states with artists such as Big Brother and the Holding Company, Maxine Brown, Tim Buckley, Solomon Burke, The Byrds, The Crazy World of Arthur Brown and The Fifth Dimension.[77]

In January 1968, Barry Class had started his label, Trend Records.[78] Eric Allandale would be recruited to produce records for the label.[79]

The group was in France in January and they appeared on the Bouton Rouge television show. Their appearance was recorded on the 30th of January.[80]

"Back on My Feet Again"

According to bass guitarist Peter MacBeth, they had a choice of three songs. They recorded two and then chose "Back on My Feet Again".[73] This, their second single was released in January 1968,[81] It was reviewed by New Musical Express in the magazine's January 20 issue. It was referred to as a scorcher and a very good pop record. The throaty vocals, organ, handclaps, brass and stormy beat were obvious bonuses. The only criticisms, minor as they were, was that the tune wasn't as catchy as the B side, "Need Your Loving" (the reviewer most likely referring to the B side, "I Can Take or Leave Your Loving"), and too much top (possibly referring the treble).[82] Along with The Tremeloes and the Alan Price Set etc., they were set for a BBC-1 appearance in the next few days.[83] The single made its debut at no. 24 in the Melody Maker Pop 30 on the week of 10 February.[84] It also debuted at no. 24 in the Disc and Music Echo TOP 30 chart that week.[85]

It did not do as well as the first single, but it spent ten weeks in the UK chart, and made it to No. 18.[86][2] It made it to No. 29 in Canada.[87][88]

Further activities

Also in January 1968, they were invited to put down some tracks for John Peel's radio show. One of the tracks that they laid down was a cover of ? and the Mysterians garage classic "96 Tears". On the same day, PP Arnold was in the studio with Dusty Springfield and Madeline Bell as her backing vocalists.[81] However, the list of tracks given on the BBC site are, "A Whole New Thing", "Back on My Feet Again" and "Help Me".[81][89] A recording of "96 Tears" did find its way on to an EP, Baby, Now That I've Found You, released on Pye PNV 24199.[90]

Bass player Peter MacBeth was interviewed by Bob Dawbarn for the 17 February issue of Melody Maker. He said that they had a van for their equipment and had recently bought a twelve-seater car that used to belong to the Queen Mother. There was still speculation on whether the group would add a trumpet player. Macbeth said that if they do go to the United States, they would pick up one to tour with them.[73]

Since "Back on My Feet Again" (their second single) had been released, tensions developed between the band and their songwriter/producer, Tony Macaulay. He would not allow them to record any of their own songs.[1] In an interview, the band's organ player, Tony Gomez, told the New Musical Express (NME) that he, Peter MacBeth, and Eric Allandale had some ideas that they wanted to put together. Curtis later recalled that Macaulay was a problem. "Tony Macaulay was very talented, but could be difficult to get on with. When we asked to record some of our own material – just as B sides, we weren't after the A side – he called us 'ungrateful' and stormed out of the studio."[3] The group felt that Macaulay had reined in their "real" sound, making them seem more pop-oriented than they were .[1] Tony Macaulay also recalled, "I was never close to the Foundations. I couldn't stand them, and they hated me! But the body of work we recorded was excellent."[3]

A third single, also released in 1968 "Any Old Time (You're Lonely and Sad)". It had been announced for release for April 26.[91] It entered the UK charts at no. 48 and stayed around for 2 weeks.[92][2]

It was reported by Melody Maker in the 24 August issue that The Foundations were completing a live album allegedly recorded live in Britain and the US. The album Rocking the Foundations was cited for release in mid-September. Disc and Music Echo also reported the same thing in their 27 August issue.[93][94]

Curtis and Elliott leave the group

By August, rumors had leaked out that Clem Curtis may be leaving the group. The group had been together for a year when there was speculation on this. Melody Maker wrote in their 31 August issue, that at press-time no confirmation could be obtained. They did however write that he wanted to develop his career and record as a solo artist with Tony Macaulay.[17] Curtis had made a request to record a solo record. Paul McCartney had also offered to write a song for Curtis.[94] It was also suggested that Curtis left in 1968, because he felt that a couple of the band's members were taking it a bit too easy, thinking that because they had now had a hit, they did not have to put in as much effort as they had previously.[1] Saxophonist Mike Elliott also left around this time and was never replaced. Curtis hung around and helped them audition a replacement singer. They auditioned 200 singers.[95][96] It was reported in a Melody Maker article in September, 1968 that they were also trying out Warren Davis of the Warren Davis Monday Band for the role. Curtis said he would not leave the band until they found a replacement.[97] He had become friendly with Sammy Davis Jr.,[98] and was encouraged to try his luck in the United States. Also in that month, they played at the Brave New World in Portsmouth. Drummer Tim Harris was out of action due to a poisoned arm and Eric Allandale filled in as the drummer. They were also set to go into the studio in October to record and it was speculated that it would be with the new singer.[97]

Curtis moved to the United States for a solo career on the club circuit, encouraged by the likes of Wilson Pickett and Sam & Dave, playing Las Vegas with The Righteous Brothers.

New lead singer

Clem Curtis' successful replacement was Colin Young.[99] Young was born in Barbados and had previously been in a group called Joe E. Young and the Tonics[100] who had the Soul Buster! album released in 1968.[101] Young had joined The Foundations in late September / early October. He had been rehearsing with them for the week of October 5 and was ready to make his debut on Friday October 4 at Aberdeen University.[102][103] On 30 November with Young still a fledgling lead singer, the group was to do two shows on one night, the first being the Old Hill Plaza at 9 pm and then followed by the Handsworth Plaza at 11 pm.[104]

In his early period with The Foundations Young had to learn that he was just another group member. Other members put him in into Coventry but he eventually learnt to toe the line and was accepted by the other members.[105]

With Young the band would have two more big hits; "Build Me Up Buttercup" which was their third big hit in January 1969 and "In the Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me)" which was a hit in April 1969.[2]

"Build Me Up Buttercup"

On the week of 30 November 1968, "Build Me Up Buttercup" made its debut in the Disc and Music Echo TOP 30 chart at no. 25.[106] Spending 15 weeks in the UK chart, it would get to the peak position of no. 2.[107] Making its debut at no. 84 in the US, on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending 4 January 1969,[108] it would reach the peak position of no. 3 on the week ending 22 February 1969.[109][110] It held that position for another two weeks.[111]

Two members of the band, McBeth and Gomez were pictured with Tom Jones in the 1 March 1969 issue of Melody Maker, where Tom Jones was giving the band a gold disc at Elstree Studios where they appeared on his show.[112]

1969
In the Bad Bad Old Days

The song was released on Friday, February 28th.[113][114] It received a positive review by Chris Welch with a cautionary warning for the listeners to look out for their neck from excessive jerking.[115] "In the Bad Bad Old Days" made its debut in the Billboard Hot 100 at no. 77 for the week ending 5 April 1969.[116] It would get to no. 8 in the UK and no. 51 in the US.[117] It also reached No. 23 in Canada on 5 May that year.[118][119]

Further activities in 1969

When "In the Bad Bad Old Days" was in the Melody Maker Pop 30 chart at no. 16 on the Week of 26 March,[120] the bass player was interviewed. He said that the group wanted to have two albums out that year. The second album would be done after coming back from their US tour. He said that several months prior, they had written some songs for a freaky type of LP. He also said that if they played underground-type numbers in the US, people would listen but he was unsure about back home in the UK, how it would be received.[121] Around that time they had been asked by John Carter-Davies, a Texas oil millionaire to play at a 21st birthday party for his son David.

When they were on tour with Stevie Wonder, they had success with a ballad they performed. This prompted them to consider releasing a Macaulay / Macleod ballad. According to Melody Maker in the 29 March issue, tentatively titled, "No Place on Earth Could Find Him"[122] (later referred to as "No Place on Earth Could Find You").[123]

At the height of their popularity, the Foundations' management were in negotiations with a UK TV company for a television series that would star members of the band. They had turned down a number of offers to appear in films because of script unsuitability.[124]

It was noted by NME in the 19 April issue that the group had just finished a tour with Stevie Wonder and were completing their third album. They were also on their way to the US for their second major tour and had expectations of recording in Detroit. They were in the NME Top Five that week as well.[125] The group's publicist Rod Harrod was interviewed by New Musical Express about the Foundation's US tour. The interview was published in the magazine's 17 May issue. At the time the group was halfway through their tour, and the lineup was Peter Macbeth, Eric Allandale, Tony Gomez, Tim Harris, Alan Warner, Pat Burke and Colin Young. The show they played at the Filmore was opened by The Savoy Brown Blues Band and was closed by the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. The group knew what kind of audience they would be playing to.[126]

It was reported in the 26 April issue of New Musical Express that the group had earlier considered calling off their United States tour due to a union ban preventing them from being televised there. Weeks later, it still hadn't been resolved but there were hopes that it would while they were still on tour.[127]

They were preparing for their second appearance at the Filmore when they had a phone call from the manager of the Copa club. He informed them that a couple of members of The Temptations had been taken unwell and asked if the Foundations could step in for the night. Not knowing that the group played their own instruments, he asked them to go immediately to rehearse with the house orchestra. The group made history of sorts by becoming the first act to play as a band there as well as playing in clothes other than the suit types. The group also did well by earning a week's worth of pay in one night. They had also secured a booking for when they were on their next tour in next November / October. They also played at the Cheetah which earned them $14,000 for just one night.[128] They had been booked to play at a club in Dayton, Ohio. At the time of booking, the manager hadn't realized that they were a multi-racial group and wasn't going to let them go on. However, he changed his mind.[129] The group had planned to do a week's worth of recording at Motown Studios but couldn't get a recording permit so that was cancelled. So they instead were booked in for a week's worth cabaret work in Detroit. They were also to do a week in Toronto. Publicist Harrod wondered why they never received requests to play in Canada. He noted that there was another group in Canada that went by the same name.[130]

It had been reported in the June 7 issue of Melody Maker that The Foundations were in a row with their record label (Pye) and producer due to five tracks from their upcoming album, From the Foundations having been leaked to other artists. According to the group, the songs were supposed to be exclusive to them. The group were holding off on the release of their album until September. They discovered that the songs were going to be released by other artists. One of the "exclusive" songs to be released on single was "My Little Chickadee" which had been covered by Geno Washington the same time as The Foundations' version was released on the UNI label in the US. The group's manager Barry Class was due to meet with Pye chief, Louis Benjamin when the article went to press.

Also, in early June the Foundations issued an injunction against Clem Curtis's group, Clem Curtis and The New Foundations who were touted as alternative attraction when The Foundations had to leave the United States a week early when their booking for a week at a Detroit cabaret was cancelled.[131]

As of July 5, the entities under the umbrella of Class International that handled aspects of The Foundations career were, Class Managements, exclusive management headed by Barry Class; First Class Agency, sole agents, headed by Jim Dawson; Top Class Music, joint publishers headed by Sleeping Bunny; Five Minute Films, promotional films headed by Sylvia Class and Overlord Publicity, worldwide press and publication headed by Rod Harrod.[132]

In the 5 July issue of Billboard it was reported that Barry Class had negotiated a new contract for the group with Pye. It was also noted that the group would take charge of producing their own material.[133] Tony Gomez was interviewed by Ian Middleton of Record Mirror for the 2 August issue. In reply to Middleton's question about the group changing musical direction, he said, "We've changed it some already". He also said "We all think the same musically". And he mentioned that they had split from Tony Macaulay because things got stale.[134]

Digging the Foundations

When their album, Digging the Foundations was released, it containined twelve tracks, half of them were original compositions by the band members. The album cover showed the band members in prison garb, ball and chain with shovels and picks.[135] An ad in the 26 April 26 issue of Billboard said that it was due for release in the US shortly.[136] It received a track-by-track review in the 5 July issue of Disc and Music Echo.[137] Due to South African authorities not allowing mixed groups to be seen, the album had to be issued there in a plain cover.[138]

Further activities in 1969

In mid-'69, the group was approached to record music for two films. One was Take a Girl Like You which starred Hayley Mills and the other, The Games starring Stanley Baker. Also on Friday 19 July, the group's van was being unloaded in Birmingham and Alan Warner's Fender Stratocaster was stolen. Due to the theft, the group had to delay the recording of the B side to their single, "Born to Live, Born to Die". This in turn delayed the release of the single by a week. The new release date was set for 8 August.[139][140]

It was reported by The New Musical Express in the 9 August issue that The Foundations were planning a rock-musical pantomime. It was supposed to be based on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. There was a plan to use a colored actress to play snow white. Parts were also to be played by members of the band. They were allegedly working on music for the presentation and if a suitable theater could be found then it could go ahead. The group's aspirations were to have it done in the style of Hair. There had also been some dialogue with a major film company for a film release which would depend on the success of the musical.[141]

The group were going to spend ten days from the beginning of October to film their musical contribution to Take a Girl Like You.

They were to undertake an English tour with Chuck Berry that was to commence on 27 September. There was also hope to have Creedence Clearwater Revival added as well. It was cancelled due to the promoters dropping Berry. Due to Creedence Clearwater Revival being unavailable and no other suitable top acts being found, it was all cancelled. The Foundations however were planning to tour the UK in early 1970.

The group also had a tentative booking for an Australian tour at Christmas time.[142]

The Foundations were at no. 1 in the Top Male Vocal Group category,[143] and "Build Me Up Buttercup" was no. 10 in the Top Record category in the 16 August issue of Record World.[144]

"Born to Live, Born to Die"

The single was one of the singles in the Special Merit Spotlight section of the 13 September issue of Billboard. The reviewer gave it a possibility of getting into the Hot 100 and that it would surpass their recent hit "My Little Chickadee.[145] It was reviewed by Cash Box in the 13 September issue in the magazine's Picks of the Week section. The improved production quality was noted. There was a possibility of heavy sales if FM would pick up on it. The reviewer also said that it was one of the strongest Foundations singles since their last resurge into the Top 40.[146]

On the week of 20 September, Billboard showed the entry of "Born to Live Born to Die" in the UK charts at no. 46.[147] Billboard reported in the 27 September issue that in Canada, Phonodisc was ahead of other countries with its rush release of "Born to Live, Born to Die". Heavy promotion for it was expected when the band would start their cross-country tour of universities commencing on 16 October.[148] On the week ending 27 September, it had dropped down to no. 50 in the UK.[149] The 4 October issue showed that the single was back at no. 46.[150] It was also in the Malaysian Top Ten having moved from no. 11 to no. 8.[151] The peak position of no. 4 in the Malaysian chart was shown in the 25 October issue of Billboard.[152] It was still in the Top Ten a week later.[153] Breakout sales action for Canada was reported by Cash Box in the 18 October issue.[154]

It would be listed as one of the best-selling singles from Pye in the 4 July 1970 issue.[155]

Further activities in late 1969

Bassist Peter Macbeth left the band in 1969 to join the group Bubastis with Bernie Living.[156][157] Over time, other members included Geoff Nicholson and Brian Appleyard from East of Eden, Simon Lee from Alexis Korner, and soul sax player Mike Freeman.[158]

An article appeared in the September 20 issue of New Musical Express that the new single for the group was "Love Song" which was written for the group by Donovan. The group cut short their Dutch tour so they could go back to London to record that song plus the Bill Martin and Phil Coulter composition "Take a Girl Like You" on October 8th. It was also reported in the same article that their rock opera that was planned for Christmas had to be shelved.[159]

The absence of the group in Sweden caused concern to their management in late September. They were reported missing. At the time there were heavy storms in Sweden that resulted in injuries and deaths. Rod Harrod, spokesman for the group said that management was very worried. The group's agent was flying out to investigate.[160]

Steve Bingham would assume of the role of Foundations bass guitarist in 1969.[161]

1970
Break away from management and legal action

It had been reported in a publicity sheet around early December 1969 that the band had broken away from their manager Barry Class. Jim Dawson who was formerly their agent and Mike Dolan took over the group's affairs.[162] Having left Barry Class's management, the group had joined a management company headed by Mike Dolan of Marquee-Martin and Jim Dawson. Barry Class took legal action against the group. Class was granted temporary injunctions by High Court Judge McGarry to restrain Dawson from disposing of any documents relating to the group. Also, with contracts negotiated prior to Nov. 28, 1969 (the day of contract breach), a percentage of money was to go to Class. The article in the 3 January 1970 issue of Billboard also mentioned that the group's royalties had been frozen. Dawson was also ordered to return any documents belonging to Class.[163]

Further activities

The single "Take a Girl Like You" was released in February, 1970.[164] An article appeared in the 21 March issue of Record Mirror when their current single was "Take a Girl Like You. The article told of the group's frustration with the material they were performing live and the teen scene they were having play on. With disgust, Colin Young explained that they were having to perform the same music on stage for the last two years which he felt was getting stale. One of the few songs they were performing that wasn't one of their hits was the song "Help Me" by Sonny Boy Williamson. At the time of the article, the line-up was given as Eric Allandale, Steve Bingham, Pat Burke, Tony Gomez, Tim Harris, Alan Warner and Colin Young. The group was also leaning towards a more progressive sound.[165]

"My Little Chickadee" proved to be the band's last hit. In spite of releasing "Take a Girl Like You", the title song to the Oliver Reed and Hayley Mills film of the same name, and a heavy blues rock song "I'm Gonna Be a Rich Man", which was one of the few songs that Steve Bingham played on.[166]

Departure of Colin Young and break up

It was reported by New Musical Express in the week ending 10 October 1970 issue that lead singer Colin Young had left the group to pursue a solo career. He had already signed a contract with Barry Class and was putting together his new group which was called Development.[167] Young would later claim that the rest of the band had gotten above themselves, the band hardly rehearsing, staying in the biggest most expensive hotels in the US and some members failing to turn up for bookings.[168]

The Foundations split in late 1970.

During their time, the group took on bassists, Tony Collinge (possibly joined when the group left Barry Class in 1969), Paul Lockey (in 1970) who had been with Robert Plant in Band of Joy.[169]

Other versions of band

Late 1970 to the end of the 1970s
Colin Young and Development

Since late 1970, Barry Class attempted to have the Foundations name revived. The band had Graham Preskett as the musical director and on electric violin and guitar. Other members Jean Roussel on keys and Roger Cawkwell on sax and flute and Colin Young on vocals. The group had an agreement with management that they would appear as The Foundations but between gigs Colin Young would explain that they were becoming a new outfit called Development. They toured throughout Latin America and even played at the Expo-Show in Buenos Aires. They continued though to early 1971. According to a later article in Disc and Music Echo, Development aka The Foundations did remarkably well in Latin America.[168]

In 1971, Colin Young also had a single, "Any Time at All" bw "You're No Good" released on Trend 6099 005. It was produced by Tony Rockliff and Barry Class. It was credited to Colin Young introducing Development.[170][171] It was also released on Uni 55286. A Hot 100 prediction, it was in Billboard's Top 60 Pop Spotlight section for the week ending 5 June 1971.[172]

The last record released in the early 1970s period credited to "The Foundations" was a single "Stoney Ground" b/w "I'll Give You Love" MCA MCA 5075 in 1971.[173][174][175] For the week of 29 January 1972 along with releases by Santana, Rod Stewart, The Hillside Singers and BJ Thomas etc., the song was on the pop section of the Cash Box Juke Box Programming Guide.[176] For the week ending 26 February, the single made its debut on the Billboard Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart. Charting for a week, it peaked at no. 113.[177][178][179]

As reported in the 4 March 1972 issue of Disc and Music Echo, Development, Colin Young's group was alternating between that name and The Foundations when gigging around the UK. They were looking to release their first album the following month.[168] Colin Young had an album released on the Stateside label, In the Beginning and credited to Colin Young's Development.[180][181] The musicians on the album included Graham Preskett on violin, guitar, banjo, harmonica, melodica, Steve Bingham on bass, Roger Cawkwell on flute, recorder and saxophones, Jean Roussel on organ and piano and Eddie "Tan Tan" Thornton on trombone and trumpet etc..[180]

Others

There would be two more singles released credited to "The Foundations" in the late 1970s.[182][183]

When Curtis returned to the UK, he formed a new version of the group with little success in spite of releasing several singles, but later had a lucrative spell on the 1960s nostalgia circuit. Re-formed members include John Springate,[184] Derek "Del" Watson, Paul Wilmot (all members of the band Elegy) and Roy Carter who later on joined Heatwave.[185]

According to an article about Brian Johnston of the White Plains on the White Plains Chronicles website, there is information provided James Payne that gives a partial line-up of a 1973 version of the Foundations. Listed were Clem Curtis on vocals, Eric Allandale on trombone, Brian Johnston on keyboards and Jim Payne on drums.[186]

In the mid-1970s, while Clem Curtis and the Foundations were on the road, there was also another Foundations line-up that was led by Colin Young who were touring at the same time, and were playing basically the same material. This eventually led to court action which resulted in Curtis being allowed to bill his group as either the Foundations or Clem Curtis & the Foundations. Young was allowed to bill himself as "The New Foundations", or as "Colin Young & the New Foundations".[3] The New Foundations name was previously used for the Australian release of "Build Me Up Buttercup" on Astor AP-1567 in 1969.[187][188]

In 1975, Young and his group, The New Foundations, released a lone single on "Something for My Baby" / "I Need Your Love" on Pye 45533.[3][189][190] Also in the same period, another group, also called New Foundations released a soul ballad single, "Darling (You're All I Need)" on Atlantic 45-3225. This New Foundations was a group from the United States who were produced by George Kerr.[191][192]

The Clem Curtis led Foundations were competitors in the Eurovision '77 with "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love".[193][194] They were picked to be winners but due to a strike by electricians, they weren't televised.[195][196] A small ad appeared on the bottom of page 55 of the 26 March issue of Music Week. It said, "If you missed Eurovision on TV watch CRACKERJACK this Friday FOUNDATIONS "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love".[197] Also that month, "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love" was being played on Radio Tees and David Hoare had it as a hit pick.[182] Backed with "Love Me Nice and Easy", it was released on Summit SU 100 in 1977.[198][182]

In 1978, there was another single credited to The Foundations. It was "Closer to Loving You" b/w "Change My Life" released on Psycho P2603.[199] Over the years the B side "Change My Life" gained popularity among Northern soul fans.[200][201][202] It appears on the Fab-U-Lus Northern Soul 10" LP album compilation.[203]

1980s to 1990s

In 1984, Clem Curtis & The Foundations recorded a version of On Broadway" that was released on the IDM label that year. Charting in the UK, it debuted in the IPA Airplay Top 10 on 1 September at no. 3 and was at no. 5 on the 29 of that month.[204][205]

In the early 1990s, an album of rerecordings was released. It featured Clem Curtis on lead vocals, Alan Warner on guitar, Vince Cross on keyboards and Andy Bennett on drums. The recordings were arranged and produced by Keith Bateman. Released on Double Play GRF176, it included the old hits plus new tracks, "You Can't Fool Me", "Knock On Wood", "No-One Loves Me Like You Do", "Together", "Love You Now", "Sitting On The Dock Of The Bay" and "Loving You".[206][207]

There was another line-up formed in 1999 that included Young (vocals), Alan Warner (Guitar), Steve Bingham (bass), Gary Moberly (keyboards), Tony Laidlaw (sax) and Sam Kelly then Steve Dixon (drums). This version of the group was re-formed due to the popularity of the film There's Something About Mary, and the interest created resulting from the 1968 hit "Build Me Up Buttercup" being featured in the film. Some time later, Young left this version of the group and was replaced by Hue Montgomery (aka Hugh Montgomery).

2000s

As of August 2008, the line up of the re-created Foundations group was Hubert Montgomery on lead vocals, Dave Graham on guitar and vocals, Gary Moberley on keyboards, Sam Kelly on percussion, Steve Bingham on bass and Alan Walsh on saxophone.[208]

  • Various sources have erroneously stated that there was an early 1970s English line-up that had nothing, or little to do with the original Foundations. However, Curtis had been leading a new line-up of the Foundations since coming back to the UK and re-forming the group in the early 1970s.

Outside The Foundations

Following the touring with The Foundations and the fatigue that went with it, Alan Warner was happy to settle down and spend time with his wife and daughter and had recently moved into their home in Edgeware, NW London. Answering an ad, he joined a band which had already been formed. It was the rock group Pluto. The line up also included Paul Gardner, Derek Jarvis and Michael Worth.[209] They recorded an album which was released on the Dawn label which was a subsidiary of Pye.[28][210] The band also released a single, "Rag a Bone Joe" bw "Stealing My Thunder in October 1971,[211] They followed up with a single "I Really Want It" bw " Something That You Loved" in 1972.[212]

Also in the 1970s, there would be a collaborative attempt between two former members of the Foundations. Original Foundations trombonist Eric Allandale attempted to work with original Foundations drummer Tim Harris.[213]

In 1975, Clem Curtis recorded a disco version of "Unchained Melody" which spent three weeks in the Record Mirror UK Disco Chart, peaking at no. 75.[214] In 2005, he recorded the single "Stuck in a Wind Up" which was credited to Lord Large feat. Clem Curtis. Years later, spending a week in the iTunes chart, it peaked at no. 54 on 3 April 2022.[215]

Later years

Clem Curtis died on 27 March 2017 at age 76, from lung cancer.[216]

In September, 2023, music label London Calling released the Live on Air CD which brought together the tracks the band recorded for the Top of the Pops radio show.[217]

Former personnel

The Foundations
  • Clem Curtis: lead vocals – born 28 November 1940,[218] Trinidad, West Indies – died 27 March 2017[216]
  • Colin Young: lead vocals - b. 12 September 1944, Barbados, West Indies - replaced Clem Curtis in 1968.
  • Arthur Brown: vocals - b. 24 June 1942, Whitby, Yorkshire, Member for approximately one month in 1967
  • Alan Warner: lead guitar – b. 21 April 1947,[218] Paddington, west London.
  • Peter Macbeth: bass guitar – b. Peter McGrath, 2 February 1941,[218] Marylebone, North London.
  • Steve Bingham: bass guitar – b. 4 April 1949, Solihull, Warwickshire.
  • Tim Harris: drums – b. 14 January 1948,[218] St John's Wood, North London – Died 2007
  • Tony Gomez: keyboards – b. 13 December 1948,[218] Colombo, Ceylon – (now Sri Lanka) – died 19 December 2015.
  • Pat Burke: tenor saxophone/flute – b. 9 October 1937,[218] Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies.
  • Mike Elliott: tenor saxophone – b. 6 August 1929,[218] Jamaica, West Indies. – Left in 1968
  • Eric Allandale: trombone – b. Eric Allandale Dubuisson, 4 March 1936,[218] Dominica, West Indies – died 23 August 2001.
  • Tony Collinge : bass guitar – b. 4 February 1947, Selly Park, Birmingham
  • Paul Lockey: bass guitar[219] – joined in 1970 for nine months.

Guests
  • Mike D'Abo: piano – b. Michael David D'Abo, 1 March 1944, Betchworth, Surrey. Co-wrote and guested on "Build Me Up Buttercup" contributing piano.
  • John Mcleod: piano

Discography
Summary of single releases

From the band's beginning to their breakup towards the end of 1970, the Foundations released ten singles in the United Kingdom including two versions of the same song. The majority of the singles were composed by Tony Macaulay and John Macleod. They had four significant hits from these plus a minor hit with one of their own compositions, "Born to Live, Born to Die". They had minor hit with "My Little Chickadee" in the United States. This was written by Tony Macaulay and John Macleod.[220] There were other titles announced that were either never recorded or were never released. They were "Our Love Went Thataway",[221] "Tear Jerker, Music-worker, You" which was to be released around the same time as "Better By Far" by Lulu and "No Place On Earth Could Find You".[124] In 1971, the single "Stoney Ground" was released. It is believed that this single was actually by Colin Young and his new backing band Development. It seems quite likely as the Colin Young and Development debut single "Any Time at All" pre-dates "Stoney Ground". In the mid and late 1970s, there were two more singles released under the Foundations’ name. They were "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love" and "Closer to Loving You" which featured the Northern Soul classic "Change My Life" as the B side. These last two singles to bear the Foundations’ name featured Clem Curtis once more as the lead vocalist.

Summary of album releases

During the 1960s, the Foundations recorded and released four LPs in the United Kingdom. Before the release of their debut album, it was originally announced in the October 1967, by Beat Instrumental Monthly, that the debut album's title was to be Sound Basis.[45] However, when it was released on Pye, it had the title of From the Foundations. The American version of this album, on the Uni label, was given the title of Baby, Now That I've Found You. This album featured Curtis on lead vocals. The next release was in 1968. It was a live LP called Rocking the Foundations, and also featured Curtis on lead vocals, plus two instrumentals – "The Look of Love" and "Coming Home Baby". Also in 1968, another LP was released, this time on the Marble Arch label. This self-titled third album featured re-recordings of their previous hits and songs, but with Young on vocals instead of Curtis. It also featured a version of a new track, "Build Me Up Buttercup". There was also a second American album released called Build Me Up Buttercup. This was a compilation of Foundations tracks. Side one consisted of tracks from their Rocking the Foundations album, while side two consisted of "Build Me Up Buttercup", the B side of that single, plus some earlier Foundations tracks. The group's last LP release was Digging The Foundations in 1969, which featured their hit "In the Bad Bad Old Days", "I Can Feel It", "That Same Old Feeling" and the minor US hit "My Little Chickadee". A track "Why Does She Keep On" that was mentioned in the 26 April 1969 issue of Billboard magazine was not included.[222] Since then, there have been various compilations of the Foundations songs, released on both the Golden Hour and PRT labels.[223][224]

UK original albums
  • From the Foundations - Pye NSPL 18206 - 1967
  • Rocking the Foundations - Pye NSPL 18227 - 1968 (live album)
  • Digging the Foundations - Pye NSPL 18290 – 1969

UK compilation albums
  • The Foundations – Marble Arch MALS 1157–1968
  • Golden Hour of the Foundations (Greatest Hits) – GH 574 – 1973
  • Back to the Beat – PRT DOW7 – 1983
  • Best Of – PRT PYL 4003–1987

UK EPs 7"

  • "It's All Right" – Pye NEP24297 – 1968
  • "Mini Monster" – Pye PMM.103

UK EPs 12"

  • "Baby, Now That I've Found You" – Pye Big Deal BD 107 – (4 tracks)
  • "Baby, Now That I've Found You" – PRT Pyt 24 – 1989 – (3 tracks incl remix)

UK CDs

  • Golden Hour of the Foundations – Knight Records KGH CD 104 – 1990
  • Strong Foundations – The Singles and More – Music Club – MCCD 327 – 1997
  • Build Me Up Buttercup – Castle Select SELCD 527 – 1998
  • Baby, Now That I've Found You – Sequel Records – NEECD 300 – 1999
  • Build Me Up Buttercup (The Complete Pye Collection) [Remastered] – Castle – 2004
  • Live on Air [217]

US albums
  • Baby Now That I've Found You – Uni 3016 (Mono)/73016 (Stereo) — 1967
  • Build Me Up Buttercup – Uni 73043 – 1968 – US No. 92[225]
  • Digging the Foundations – Uni 73058 – 1969
  • The Very Best Of – Varèse Sarabande 74648 – 2017

Singles
Year Title Peak chart positions Certifications
UK
[2]		 AUS
[226]		 CAN
 IRE
 NLD
[227]		 NZ
[228]		 US Hot 100
[225]		 US R&B
[225]
1967 "Baby Now That I've Found You" 1 21 1 3 13 16 11 33
1968 "Back on My Feet Again" 18 — 29 18 32 — 59 —
"Any Old Time (You're Lonely and Sad)" 48 — — — — 20 — —
"Build Me Up Buttercup" 2 1 1 3 12 4 3 —
1969 "In the Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me)" 8 — 23 7 — 20 51 —
"Born to Live, Born to Die" 46 — — — — — — —
"My Little Chickadee" — — 68 — — — 99 —
"Baby, I Couldn't See" — — — — — — — —
1970 "Take a Girl Like You" — — — — — — — —
"I'm Gonna Be a Rich Man" — — — — — — — —
1971 "Stoney Ground" — — — — — — — —
1977 "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love" — — — — — — — —
1978 "Closer to Loving You" — — — — — — — —
1998 "Build Me Up Buttercup" (UK re-release) 71 — — — — — — —
"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory.

Line ups

The Foundations
1966–1968
  • Eric Allandale
  • Arthur Brown
  • Pat Burke
  • Clem Curtis
  • Mike Elliott
  • Tony Gomez
  • Tim Harris
  • Peter MacBeth
  • Alan Warner
1968–1970
  • Eric Allandale
  • Steve Bingham
  • Pat Burke
  • Tony Collinge
  • Tony Gomez
  • Tim Harris
  • Peter MacBeth
  • Alan Warner
  • Colin Young
1970–1971
  • Eric Allandale
  • Steve Bingham
  • Pat Burke
  • Tony Gomez
  • Tim Harris
  • Paul Lockey
  • Alan Warner
  • Colin Young
1993
  • Clem Curtis
  • Alan Warner
  • Vince Cross
  • Andy Bennett[206][207]

Clem Curtis and The Foundations
  • Clem Curtis
  • James Colah
  • Michael J. Parlett
  • Roy Carter[185]
  • George Chandler
  • Valentine Pascal
1970s line-up
  • Clem Curtis
  • Bill Springate
  • John Springate
  • Del Watson
  • Paul Wilmot
1977 line-up
  • Clem Curtis
  • Leroy Carter
  • John Savile
  • Valentine Pascal
  • Georges Delanbanque[230]

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  114. Melody Maker, February 22, 1969 - Page 3 FOUNDATIONS TO PLAY SONG FESTIVAL IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA
  115. Melody Maker, 1 March 1969 - Page 10 Chris Welch POP SINGLES
  116. Billboard, 5 April 1969 - Page 66 BILLBOARD HOT 100 FOR WEEK ENDING 5 APRIL 1969, THIS WEEK 77, 1 Wk. ago _, 2 Wks. ago _, 3 Wks. ago _, Weeks on chart 1
  117. MusicVF.com - The Foundations Top Songs, Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography, 1969, 5. 03/1969 ③ In the Bad Bad Old Days by The Foundations
  118. RPM Weekly, Volume 11 No. 10 Week of 5 May 1969 - Page 5 RPM 100 23 25 28 IN THE BAD BAD OLD DAYS
  119. RPM Weekly, Volume 11 No. 10 Week of 12 May 1969 - RPM 100
  120. Melody Maker, 29 March 1969 - Page 2 Melody Maker POP 30
  121. Melody Maker, 29 March 1969 - Page 16 Foundations aren't going to desert the British Public, Figure
  122. Melody Maker, 29 March 1969 - Page 3 MILLIONAIRE ASKS FOR FOUNDATIONS AT 21st PARTY
  123. Billboard, 26 April 1969 - FROM THE FOUNDATIONS to the Skies By ROD HARROD, Band to Cut in Detroit
  124. Billboard – Google Books. 26 April 1969. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  125. New Musical Express, 19 April 1969 - Page 7 Foundations have never been stronger
  126. New Musical express, 17 May 1969 - Page 11 FOUNDATIONS CLEAN UP IN AMERICA TO THE TUNE OF £100,000, Difficult
  127. New Musical Express, No. 1163 Week Ending 26 April 1969 - Page 9 FOUNDATIONS DEPUTISE FOR TEMPTATIONS AT THE COPA
  128. New Musical express, 17 May 1969 - Page 11 FOUNDATIONS CLEAN UP IN AMERICA TO THE TUNE OF £100,000, Bugged
  129. New Musical express, 17 May 1969 - Page 11 FOUNDATIONS CLEAN UP IN AMERICA TO THE TUNE OF £100,000, Too close
  130. New Musical express, 17 May 1969 - Page 11 FOUNDATIONS CLEAN UP IN AMERICA TO THE TUNE OF £100,000, Cowboys
  131. Melody Maker, June 7, 1969 - Page 3 FOUNDATIONS IN ROW WITH PYE RECORDS
  132. Disc and Music Echo, July 5, 1969 - Page 15 Class International
  133. Billboard, 5 July 1969 - Page 74 International News Reports, From The Music Capitals of the World
  134. Record Mirror, No. 438 Week ending 2 August 1969 - Page 12 'Now it's called funk!', Tony Gomez talks to Ian Middleton
  135. Billboard, 26 April 1969 - Page 60 250,000 Advance On Unmade Album * Continued from page 41
  136. Billboard, 26 April 1969 - Page 44
  137. Disc and Music Echo, 5 July 1969 - Page 12 Digging the Foundations
  138. Record Mirror, 21 March 1970 - Page 11 Face Face Face Face Face Face Face
  139. Time and Date - Calendar for Year 1969 (United Kingdom)
  140. Melody Maker, 26 July 1969 - Page 4 Guitar stolen
  141. Melody Maker, No. 1178 Week ending 9 August 1969 - Page 8 Foundations are planning rock-musical pantomime
  142. Melody Maker, No. 1178 Week ending 9 August 1969 - Page 8 BUT ARE DROPPING BRITISH TOUR -After Berry ban and Creedence refusal
  143. Record World, 16 August 1969 - Page 60 record world, Most Promising Male Vocal Group
  144. Record World, 16 August 1969 - Page 60 record world, Top Record
  145. Billboard, 13 September 1969 - Page 74 SPECIAL MERIT SPOTLIGHT
  146. Cash Box, 13 September 1969 - Page 30 Cash Box Record Reviews, Picks of the Week
  147. Billboard, 20 September 1969 - Page 73 Billboard HITS OF THE WORLD, BRITAIN, This Week 46, Last Week _
  148. Billboard, 27 September 1969 - Page 74 Canadian News Report, From The Music Capitals of the World, TORONTO
  149. Billboard, 27 September 1969 - Page 80 Billboard HITS OF THE WORLD, BRITAIN, This Week 50, Last Week 46
  150. Billboard, 4 October 1969 - Billboard HITS OF THE WORLD, BRITAIN, This Week 46, Last Week 50
  151. Billboard, 4 October 1969 - Billboard HITS OF THE WORLD, MALAYSIA, This Week 8, Last Week 11
  152. Billboard, 25 October 1969 - Page 89 Billboard HITS OF THE WORLD, MALAYSIA, This Week 4, Last Week 6
  153. Billboard, 1 November 1969 - Page 83 Billboard HITS OF THE WORLD, MALAYSIA, This Week 10, Last Week 4
  154. Cash Box, 18 October 1969 - Page 134 Cash Box Canada
  155. Cash Box, 4 July 1970 - Page 26 Part II — International Section, BEST SELLING SINGLES FROM PYE
  156. "Bernie Living info (The Musicians' Olympus)". 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  157. "A TRIBUTE TO JAMES JAMERSON by Pete Macbeth". Philbrodieband.com. 2 February 1943. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  158. Disc and Music Echo, 20 June 1970 - Page 4 BUZZ HEAVY GOSSIP by Caroline Boucher and Roy Shipston , A PROMISING new group you'll be hearing soon is Bubastis
  159. New Musical Express, no. 1184 Week ending September 20, 1969 - Page 6 DONOVAN PENS NEW DISC FOR THE FOUNDATIONS
  160. New Musical Express, no. 1185 Week ending September 27, 1969 - Page 8
  161. Blues.Gr, Jan 8, 2022 - Q&A with veteran UK bass guitarist, Steve Bingham - Rock n Roll has played a huge part in his life and career by Michael Limnios Blues Network
  162. Tony Brainsby Publicity Ltd (circa) December 1969 (1st ed.). UK: Tony Brainsby. 1969. p. 1.
  163. Billboard, 3 January 1970 - Page 49 Class Sues Foundations
  164. 1970 Record Releases by Graham Appleyard, 1 April 2015 - 1970 UK Record Releases by Date, 27 February 1970
  165. Record Mirror, 21 March 1970 - Page 14 The frustrations
  166. 2NUR FM103.7, 20 August 2023 - Vinyl Vibes by Jack Hodgins, Steve Bingham - Former Bass Player of The Foundations (20:55 - 28:25)
  167. New Musical Express, 10 October 1970 - Page 8 Foundations lose their lead singer
  168. Disc and Music Echo, 4 March 1972 - Page 10 A SOLID FOUNDATION
  169. "Band of Joy | Birmingham Music Archive". Birminghammusicarchive.co.uk. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  170. happening45 channel - Colin Young - Anytime At All
  171. Austrian Charts - COLIN YOUNG - ANYTIME AT ALL
  172. Billboard, 5 June 1971 - Page 39 TOP 60 POP SPOTLIGHT, Spotlights to reach the top 60 of the HOT 100 Chart
  173. "F r e e U K – FreeUK Broadband". Jbpco.freeuk.com. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  174. 45Cat - The Foundations - Discography, UK, The Foundations, Stoney Ground
  175. Popsike - Foundations - Stoney Ground / I'll Give You Love - MCA Demo MKS 5075 - Northern
  176. Cash Box, 29 January 1972 - Page 56 JUKEBOX PROGRAMMING GUIDE, Pop
  177. Billboard, 19 February 1972 - Page 50 Bubbling Under The HOT 100
  178. Billboard, 26 February 1972 - Page 33 Bubbling Under The HOT 100, 113
  179. MusicVF.com - The Foundations Top Songs, Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography, 1972, 8. 02/1972 Stoney Ground by The Foundations
  180. Music Metason - ArtistInfo, Colin Young's Development, In The Beginning
  181. Popsike - IN THE BEGINNING COLIN YOUNG'S DEVELOPMENT PROG.RARISS.
  182. Music Week, 26 March 1977 - Page 32 needletime Radio Tees, HIT PICKS
  183. Popsike - The Foundations Closer to Loving You / Change My Life Psycho rare Soul Mint-
  184. "John Springate". Alwynwturner.com. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  185. "Home". Terrellissacs.net. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  186. White Plains Chronicles, 1 May 2018 - Brian Johnston The Foundations (1973)
  187. 45Cat - The Foundations - Discography, Australia, A: Build Me Up Buttercup
  188. THE OFFICIAL MIKE D’ABO WEBSITE - The Foundations

    (Note: in due course content will be moved to the new re-branded site)

  189. Shazam - Something for My Baby The New Foundations
  190. Music Week, January 31, 1976 - Page 7 Internationally yours PYE RECORDS

    (*Note: SOMETHING ABOUT MY BABY is incorrect. Title should be "Something For My Baby")

  191. Cash Box, January 25, 1975 - https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1975/CB-1975-01-25.pdf cash box / singles reviews, newcomer picks]
  192. Billboard, January 25, 1975 - Page 58 Billboard's Top Single Picks, Soul, recommended
  193. Digital Spy, 28 March 2017 - 'Baby Now That I've Found You' singer Clem Curtis of The Foundations dies at 76 By Justin Harp
  194. Eurovisionworld - A Song for Europe 1977: The Foundations - "Where were you when I needed your love"
  195. Inlay notes to Baby Now That I've Found You by Roger Dopson CD, Sequel Records NEECD 300
  196. The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 2017 - Clem Curtis, original singer with the Foundations
  197. Music Week, 26 March 1977 - Page 55 If you missed Eurovision on TV watch CRACKERJACK this Friday FOUNDATIONS "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love"
  198. "The Foundations Discography – UK". 45cat.com. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  199. Gripsweat - THE FOUNDATIONS Closer To Loving You 1978 UK demo/DJ copy, PSYCHO P2603 N/MINT
  200. Popsike - NORTHERN SOUL-THE FOUNDATIONS- CHANGE MY-
  201. Popsike - Rare UK Northern Soul/Modern-The Foundations-Hear it
  202. Popsike - THE FOUNDATIONS"CHANGE MY LIFE"RARE SOUL ORIG. PSYCHO
  203. Discogs - Various – Fab-U-Lus Northern Soul
  204. Music Week, 1 September 1984 - Page 40 ILA AIRPLAY GUIDE, (Independent Airplay Action in UK) TOP 12
  205. Music Week, 29 September 1984 - ILA AIRPLAY GUIDE, (Independent Airplay Action in UK) TOP 10 . . .
  206. Discogs - The Foundations – Build Me Up Buttercup, Label: Pilz – 44 8235-2, Released: 1993
  207. Discogs - The Foundations – Greatest Hits, Label: Double Play – GRF176, Released: 1996
  208. "KP Agency". 28 August 2008. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  209. Primitive Man Soundz, 6 Feb 2022 - ALAN WARNER - THE FOUNDATIONS/PLUTO
  210. Encyclopedie Du Hard Rock Des Seventies By Denis Protat, ( 2004), Isbn: 2 86227 411 9 - Page 110 PLUTO
  211. Spirit of Metal - Rag a Bone Joe - Stealing My Thunder
  212. 45Cat - Pluto (Rock) - Discography, UK
  213. Val Wilmer (21 September 2001). "Eric Allandale: Powerful trombone master of jazz and pop". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
  214. James Hamilton's Disco Page - A full list of all Record Mirror UK Disco Chart entries, 1975-1979, Clem Curtis Unchained Melody (RCA) — 25 August 1979: 75, 3
  215. Top Charts - Stuck in a Wind Up (feat. Clem Curtis)
  216. "Foundations singer Clem Curtis dies aged 76". BBC News. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  217. Clear Spot - London Calling LCCD0005136 - 2023 - FOUNDATIONS - LIVE ON AIR
  218. Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 112. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.
  219. "Who'd be a state school teacher? – Education News – Education". The Independent. 28 December 1995. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  220. "Foundations, The – My Little Chickadee (Vinyl) at Discogs". Discogs.com. 10 September 1969. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  221. New Musical Express (1st ed.). UK. 28 December 1968.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  222. Billboard – Google Books. 26 April 1969. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  223. The Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music, Third Edition, Compiled and Edited By Colin Larkin, (2002) ISBN 1-85227-933-8 - Page 220 FOUNDATIONS
  224. Popsike - DISCOGRAPHY, The Foundations, Golden Hour of the Foundations Greatest Hits
  225. "The Foundations - Awards : AllMusic". AllMusic. 30 November 2012. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  226. "Songs from the Year 1967". Tsort.info. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  227. Steffen Hung. "The Foundations – Born To Live, Born To Die". Dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  228. "Flavour of New Zealand : NZ Listener chart summary". Flavourofnz.co.nz. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  229. "Foundations - Build Me Up Buttercup". bpi.co.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  230. "A Song For Europe 1976 1977". Songs4europe.com. 9 March 1977. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
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