Die Gattung Nepenthes

"Die Gattung Nepenthes: Eine monographische Skizze" (lit. "The genus Nepenthes: A monographic sketch") is a German-language monograph by Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes.[1] It was published in 1895 in four parts, spread over the March, April, May and June issues of Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung.[1]

The first pages of each of the four parts of "Die Gattung Nepenthes" from the March, April, May and June issues of Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung
The three illustrations published in Beck's monograph, showing various pitchers drawn from cultivated plants.
Left: N. curtisii var. superba (N. maxima) and N. × mixta
Centre: N. curtisii (N. maxima), N. northiana, N. rafflesiana, N. rajah, N. veitchii, N. × dominii, N. × hookeriana, and N. × intermedia
Right: N. albomarginata, N. ampullaria, N. bicalcarata, N. distillatoria, N. gracilis, N. × mastersiana, and N. × williamsii

Content

Beck recognised and enumerated 67 major taxa, almost half of which were hybrids. Additionally, seven taxa and unnamed horticultural hybrids are listed at the end of the work under "Ungenügend bekannte Arten, Mischarten" (insufficiently known species, mixed species).[1]

Beck described four new species: N. fallax (later synonymised with N. stenophylla, although this is disputed),[2] N. hispida, N. smithii (later synonymised with N. distillatoria),[2] and N. spuria (later synonymised with N. northiana).[2] Beck was also the first to publish N. sumatrana under its present binomial combination,[3][4] although he introduced it under the entry for N. maxima with the words "Hierzu gehört als Varietät: N. sumatrana" (this includes a variety: N. sumatrana).[1]

Beck also introduced a number of new varieties. These included the species varieties N. albomarginata var. tomentella, N. albomarginata var. typica, N. gracilis var. longinodis, N. gracilis var. teysmanniana, N. rafflesiana var. ambigua, N. rafflesiana var. excelsior (later synonym of N. × hookeriana), and N. rafflesiana var. typica, as well as the hybrid variety N. hybrida var. typica (N. gracilis × N. khasiana).[4]

A number of taxon names that Beck did not recognise as valid nonetheless appeared in print for the first time in his monograph. These included the species synonyms N. edgeworthii (synonym of N. edwardsiana) and N. speciosa (synonym of N. distillatoria), as well as the hybrid synonyms N. anerleyense and N. arnoldiense (both synonyms of N. × stewartii).[4] While the name N. hookerae had first appeared in the literature four years prior to Beck's work, his concept of this hybrid involved a more complex cross (N. mirabilis × (N. rafflesiana × N. ampullaria)); it is considered a later synonym of N. × stewartii.[4]

Beck was the first to unite N. edwardsiana with N. villosa,[5] considering the former a variety or form of the latter.[1] This synonymy stood until John Muirhead Macfarlane's 1908 monograph, "Nepenthaceae", and the species are considered distinct today.[2] Beck thought that N. burkei likely represented a form of N. boschiana ("Hierzu gehört offenbar auch als Form: Nepenthes Burkeii").[1] He likewise considered N. singalana to be a form of N. sanguinea ("Kaum als Form von N. sanguinea abzutrennen ist: Nepenthes singalana").[1]

Species

The following 67 taxa are enumerated and detailed in "Die Gattung Nepenthes". Only taxa considered hybrids by Beck are indicated here as such (therefore the natural hybrid N. × trichocarpa is shown as a species). Taxon names are listed as they appear in Beck's monograph, including orthographic variants, though specific epithets derived from proper nouns have been decapitalised.

  1. N. alata
  2. N. albomarginata
  3. N. × amesiana
  4. N. ampullaria
  5. N. × atrosanguinea
  6. N. bicalcarata
  7. N. bongso
  8. N. boschiana
  9. N. celebica
  10. N. × chelsoni
  11. N. × cincta
  12. N. × coccinea
  13. N. × compacta
  14. N. × courtii
  15. N. × cylindrica
  16. N. destillatoria [sic]
  17. N. × dicksoniana
  18. N. × dominii
  19. N. × dormanniana
  20. N. echinostoma
  21. N. × edinensis
  22. N. eustachya
  23. N. fallax
  24. N. gracilis
  25. N. × henryana
  26. N. × hibberdii
  27. N. hirsuta
  28. N. hispida
  29. N. × hookerae
  30. N. × hybrida
  31. N. × intermedia
  32. N. khasiana
  33. N. × lawrenciana
  34. N. lowii
  35. N. macrostachya
  36. N. madagascariensis
  37. N. × mastersiana
  38. N. maxima
  39. N. melamphora
  40. N. × mixta
  41. N. × morganiae
  42. N. northiana
  43. N. × outramiana
  44. N. × paradisae
  45. N. pervillei
  46. N. rafflesiana
  47. N. rajah
  48. N. × ratcliffiana
  49. N. reinwardtiana
  50. N. × robusta
  51. N. × rubro maculata
  52. N. × rufescens
  53. N. sanguinea
  54. N. × sedeni
  55. N. smithii
  56.  ? N. spuria
  57. N. stenophylla
  58. N. × stewartii
  59. N. × superba
  60. N. tentaculata
  61. N. trichocarpa
  62. N. veitchii
  63. N. ventricosa
  64. N. vieillardii
  65. N. villosa
  66. N. × williamsii
  67. N. × wrigleyana
Ungenügend bekannte Arten, Mischarten
  1. N. bernaysii
  2. N. burbidgeae
  3. N. cristata
  4. N. × lyrata
  5. N. loddigesi
  6. N. veitchii × N. rafflesiana
  7. N. sanguinea × N. destillatoria

Infrageneric classification
See also: Taxonomy of Nepenthes

The infrageneric classification in "Die Gattung Nepenthes" follows that introduced by Joseph Dalton Hooker in his 1873 monograph, "Nepenthaceae". Hooker placed N. pervillei in the monotypic Anourosperma, distinguishing it on the basis of its round seeds, and subsumed all remaining species in the second section, Eunepenthes.[6] Beck kept the two sections created by Hooker (spelling Anourosperma as Anowrosperma), but divided Eunepenthes into three subgroups: Apruinosae, Pruinosae, and Retiferae, the last containing only N. lowii.[1]


References
  1. (in German) Beck, G. 1895. Die Gattung Nepenthes. Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung 20(3–6): 96–107, 141–150, 182–192, 217–229.
  2. McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  3. Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  4. Schlauer, J. N.d. Query results: Wien.Ill.Gart.Z.. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  5. Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  6. (in Latin) Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
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