Roman Catholic Diocese of Acerno

The Diocese of Acerno was a Roman Catholic diocese based in Acerno, a distance of 68 km (42 mi.) from Naples in southern Italy, with the bishop's seat in Acerno Cathedral. Created in the 11th century, in 1818, the diocese was granted in perpetual administratorship to the archbishops of Salerno. In the reorganization of ecclesiastical provinces in 1986, Acerno was suppressed, to create the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno.[1][2]

History

The cathedral of Acerno was originally dedicated in honor of S. Peter, but, like nearly all the cathedrals in the kingdom of Naples, came to be dedicated as well to the Virgin Mary, in this case under the title of the Annunciation.[3] The cathedral was administered by a Chapter, which was led by four dignities, the Archdeacon, the Primicerius, the Treasurer, and the Cantor; the office of Cantor later disappeared. The original number of canons is uncertain, but by 1792 they numbered eighteen.[4]

Bishop Giovanni Serrano, O.F.M.Observ., held a diocesan synod in Acerno in 1626, announcing at the Vatican during his ad limina visit in 1626 that he did not contemplate holding another.[5]

In 1792, the town of Acerno had a population of around 2,000 people. In the town was one religious house of men, the Conventual Franciscans. The bishop preferred to reside in Monte Corvino, some 19 km to the southwest.[6] In the town of Picenzia, an area of some 600 families, there was a collegiate church dedicated to S. Peter, which was headed by an Archpriest, a Primicerius, and a Treasurer, with two chaplains.[7]

In May 1805, Napoleon had himself crowned King of Italy. After the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December, a French army was sent to occupy the kingdom of Naples. On 23 January 1806, Ferdinand IV fled to Sicily, and on 14 February the French occupied Naples. Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte, was declared king on 30 March 1806, and after he was transferred to Spain, General Joachim Murat was declared King of Naples on 1 August 1808. In 1809, France annexed the Papal States, and Pope Pius VII was deported. Under such conditions, neither nomination to vacant dioceses by the king, nor confirmation by the pope, took place.

After Napoleon

Following the extinction of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, the Congress of Vienna authorized the restoration of the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Since the French occupation had seen the abolition of many Church institutions in the Kingdom, as well as the confiscation of most Church property and resources, it was imperative that Pope Pius VII and King Ferdinand IV reach agreement on restoration and restitution.

A concordat was finally signed on 16 February 1818, and ratified by Pius VII on 25 February 1818. Ferdinand issued the concordat as a law on 21 March 1818.[8] The re-erection of the dioceses of the kingdom and the ecclesiastical provinces took more than three years. The right of the king to nominate the candidate for a vacant bishopric was recognized, as in the Concordat of 1741, subject to papal confirmation (preconisation).[9] On 27 June 1818, Pius VII issued the bull De Ulteriore, in which he reestablished the metropolitan archbishopric of Salerno, with five suffragan dioceses, the diocese of Capaccio e Vallo, diocese of Policastro, diocese of Potenza e Marsico Nuovo, and diocese of Nusco.[10]

The See of Acerno was granted to the archbishop of Salerno as its perpetual administrator.[11] In 1920, the diocese of Acerno had seven parishes, seven churches, and sixteen secular priests.[12]

On 4 August 1973, the Archbishop of Salerno and Perpetual Administrator of the diocese of Acerno, Gaetano Pollio (1969-1984) was also named bishop of Campagna, thereby serving as bishop of three dioceses at one and the same time, aeque personaliter.[13]

Diocesan reorganization

The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), in order to ensure that all Catholics received proper spiritual attention, decreed the reorganization of the diocesan structure of Italy and the consolidation of small and struggling dioceses. It also recommended the abolition of anomalous units such as exempt territorial prelatures.[14]

On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat. Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, as was the case with Salerno and Acerno and Campagna, was to be abolished. Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese. On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the dioceses of Salerno and Aceno, as well as the diocese of Campagna[15] (which had not been incorporated into the reorganized metrropolitanate of Conza), be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Archidioecesis Salernitana-Campaniensis-Acernensis. The seat of the diocese was to be in Salerno, and the cathedral of S. Maria e S. Matteo in Salerno was to serve as the cathedral of the merged dioceses. The cathedral in Acerno and the cathedral in Campagna were to become co-cathedrals, and the cathedral Chapters of Acerno and of Campagna were each to be a Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one diocesan Tribunal, in Salerno, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council. The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the previous dioceses of Salerno, Acerna, and Campagna.[16]

Bishops of Acerno

to 1500
  • Mirando (attested 1091 or 1106)[17]
  • Giusio (1114–1124)[18]
  • Pisanus (attested 1136)[19]
  • Petrus (attested 1179)[20]
  • Paulus (attested 1222)[21]
  • Nicola da S. Germano, O.S.B. (1228 – May 1258)[22]
  • Luca, O.F.M. (attested August 1274 – 1279)[23]
  • Giacomo (attested 1295)[24]
  • Andrea Capograsso (1309–1319)[25]
Bartolomeo (attributed to 1314)[26]
  • Giordano di Miramonti, O.P. (25 May 1319 - 1331)[27]
  • Petrus, O.Min. (1331–1344)[28]
  • Giacomo II (1344–1348)
  • Matteo de Marino (1349–1363)
  • Giuliano, O.F.M. (1363–1371)[29]
  • Roberto da Casalnuovo, O.F.M. (11 August 1371)
  • Tommaso (1383) Avignon Obedience[30]
  • Benedetto da Ascoli, O.E.S.A. (1389–1396) Avignon Obedience[31]
  • Pacello da Salerno, O.F.M. (1396–1405)
  • Manfredo da Aversa (10 July 1405 - 1415)
  • Antonello Syrraca (Antonio Sirico) (20 March 1415 - 1436)
  • Nicolas Solimele (1436-1459)[32]
  • Paracleto Malvezzi (de Malvitiis) (1460-1487)[33]
  • Menelao Gennari (13 August 1487 - 1493 Appointed, Archbishop of Sorrento)
  • Antonio Bonito (19 March 1494 - 1510)[34]

1500 to 1818
[Pietro da Arezzo (1511)][35]
  • Dalmazio Queralt (1512-1514)[36]
[Alemanno (1514)][37]
  • Luis Muñoz (1514–1523)[38]
  • Petrus (1523?–1524?)[39]
Cardinal Pompeo Colonna (1524–1525) Apostolic Administrator[40]
Cardinal Francisco de Quiñones (1539) Administrator[42]
Sede vacante (1708–1718)[56]
  • Domenico Antonio Menafra (1718-1738)[57]
  • Domnenico Anelli (1739-1743)[58]
  • Geronimo Lorenzi (1743-1790)[59]
  • Michelangelo Calandrelli, O.E.S.A. (1792-1797)[60]
  • Giuseppe Mancusi (1797-1807)[61]
On 27 June 1818, the administration of the diocese of Acerno was assigned to the archbishop of Salerno, in perpetuity.[62]

References
  1. Cheney, David M. "Diocese of Acerno". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.self-published
  2. Chow, Gabriel. "Diocese of Acerno". GCatholic.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.self-published
  3. Ughelli VII, p. 446. Cappelletti XX, p. 314. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 63, note 1.
  4. Ughelli VII, p. 446. Cappelletti XX, p. 314. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 63, note 1.
  5. Giuseppe Maria Viscardi (2005), Tra Europa e "Indie di quaggiù". Chiesa, religiosità e cultura popolare nel Mezzogiorno (secoli XV-XIX) Roma: Ed. di Storia e Letteratura 2005), p. 191.
  6. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 63, note 1.
  7. Cappelletti XX, p. 314.
  8. F. Torelli (1848), La chiave del concordato dell'anno 1818 I, second edition (Naples: Fibreno 1848), pp. 1-19.
  9. Torelli I, p. 9.
  10. Bulliarii Romani Continuatio Tomus 25 (Rome 1853), p. 57, § 7: "Archiepiscopalis ecclesia Salernitana suffraganeas habebit episcopales ecclesias Caputaquensem, Policastrensem, Marsicensem, et Nuscanam; episcopalis vero Acernensis ecclesia ac dioecesis administrationem moderno ac prò tempore existenti archiepiscopo Salernitano...."
  11. D'Avino, pp. 600-601. Cappelletti XX, pp. 314-315. Kehr VIII, p. 379.
  12. "Salerno," in: The Catholic Encyclopedia: Supplement. I, Part 1 (ed. Charles George Herbermann), Encyclopedia Press, 1922, p. 669.
  13. Acta Apostolicae Sedis 65 (1973), p. 502: "Cathedrali Ecclesiae Campaniensi Exc. P. D. Caietanum Pollio, Archiepiscopum Salernitanum."
  14. In its decree Christus Dominus, section 22, it stated: "Concerning diocesan boundaries, therefore, this sacred synod decrees that, to the extent required by the good of souls, a fitting revision of diocesan boundaries be undertaken prudently and as soon as possible. This can be done by dividing dismembering or uniting them, or by changing their boundaries, or by determining a better place for the episcopal see or, finally, especially in the case of dioceses having larger cities, by providing them with a new internal organization.... At the same time the natural population units of people, together with the civil jurisdictions and social institutions that compose their organic structure, should be preserved as far as possible as units. For this reason, obviously, the territory of each diocese should be continuous."
  15. Campagna was only 29 km or 18 mi in a straight line from Salerno, by road the distance is around 47 km or 29 miles. In 1980, the diocese of Campagna had (nominally) 52,000 members, and 31 priests.
  16. Acta Apostolicae Sedis 79 (Città del Vaticano 1987), pp. 778-780.
  17. Carlo A. Garufi (ed.) (1922), "Necrologio del “Liber Confratrum” di S. Matteo di Salerno," in: Fonti per la storia d'Italia vol. LVI (Rome 1922), p. 231. Kehr VIII, p. 379.
  18. L. Mattei-Cerasoli, "Di alcuni vescovi poco noti," in: Archivio storico per le provincie Napolitane XLIII (NS. IV 1918) 365.
  19. The name and the date are first found in Ughelli VII, p. 447, no. 1, "cujus memoria extat in monumentis ejusdem Ecclesiae." He cites no evidence, however. Kehr VIII (1935), p. 379.
  20. Five prelates from the ecclesiastical province of Salerno attended the Third Lateran Council of Pope Alexander III in March 1179: Romoaldus of Salerno, Arnulfus of Capaccio, Johannes of the Marsi, Petrus of Acerno, and Johannes of Sarno. J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXII (Venice: A. Zatta 1778), p. 460. Ughelli VII, p. 447. Garufi, p. 66. Kehr VIII, p. 379.
  21. On 30 March 1222, Pope Honorius III wrote to the bishop of Sarno and Canon Urso of Salerno, ordering them to inspect the election of Paulus, canon of Acerno, by the Chapter of Acerno, with the license of the archbishop of Salerno; and if it is found to be canonical, to order him to be consecrated by the suffragan bishops of the Church of Salerno. Pietro Pressuti, Regesta Honorii papae III, Tomus II (Romae: Typographia Vaticana 1895), p. 61, no. 3917. Eubel I, p. 68. Ughelli VII, p. 447, no. 2, gives the name "Paschasius", and he is followed of course by Gams, p. 842.
  22. Nicola had been Prior of the monastery of Fossanova from 1223, for a period of five years, before becoming bishop of Acerno. In 1223, his title had been elevated to that of Abbot. E.M. Martini, "Intorno a Pietro Capuano, Cardinale Scrittore (Sec. XII–XIII)," in: A–rchivio storico della provincia di Salerno 1 (1921), p. 90.
  23. Eubel (1890), p. 225 with note 2. Luca was still bishop in October 1279: L. Mattei-Cerasoli, "Di alcuni vescovi poco noti," in: Archivio storico per le provincie Napolitane XLIII (NS. IV 1918) 365. Francesco Serfilippo (1856), Ricerche sulla origine di Monte-Corvino nel principato citeriore, (in Italian) (Napoli: Stabilimento Tipografico 1856), p. 34.
  24. Jacobus: Cappelletti XXI, p. 315. Giovanni Benedetto Mittarelli (1760), Annales camaldulenses ordinis Sancti Benedicti, Volume 5 (Venice: J.B. Pasquali 1760), p. 217. By Giovanni Benedetto Mittarelli
  25. Andrea was appointed in 1309, according to Ughelli VII, p. 447. He was elected bishop of Valva on the death of Bishop Landulphus by the cathedral Chapter. His transfer was approved by Pope John XXII on 25 May 1319. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes, Tome II (Paris: Fontemoing 1905), p. 384 no. 9477. Eubel I, p. 78.
  26. Ughelli VII, p. 447 no. 5; repeated by Cappelletti XX, p. 315; omitted by Eubel I, p. 78.
  27. Jourdain de Miramont, a native of Quercy, was bishop of Acerno from 25 May 1319 to 1331. Edouard Albe, "Prelats originaires de Quercy," Annales de Saint Louis des Français 7 (1902), pp. 279-366, at p. 358.
  28. Petrus was elected on 1 March 1331. On 1 July 1331, his consecration was confirmed by Pope John XXII. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes, Tome X (Paris: E. De Boccard 1930), p. 253 no. 54113. Eubel I, p. 78.
  29. Julianus had previously been Bishop of Cardiki (THessaly) from c. 1350 to 1353, and Bishop of Nebbio (Corsica) from 1357 to 1363. On 11 August 1371, he exchanged the diocese of Lettere with Bishop Roberto da Casalnouvo. As Bishop of Lettere, he followed Urban VI in the Western Schism, and was deposed in 1384 by Pope Clement VII. He was given the diocese of Stabiae by Urban VI. Eubel I, pp. 78, 167, 309, 360.
  30. Cappelletti XX, p. 316.
  31. Ughelli VII, p. 447, suggests that he was also an appointee of Pope Clement VII, recognized as Thomas' successor on 31 March 1389. He is said by Cappelletti to have submitted to Boniface IX (Roman Obedience).
  32. Solimele had been Archdeacon of Salerno. He was appointed bishop of Acerno on 27 August 1436, even though he was a year below the canonical minimum age. On 17 October 1459, Bishop Solimele was appointed Bishop of Venosa. Ughelli VII, p. 448 no. 16. Eubel II, pp. 78 with note 1; 265 with note 2.
  33. Of a noble Bolognese family, Paracleto was born in Corneto. He studied in Bologna and was a member of the Collegio di Sacra Teologia (Martucci, p. ix). He was appointed bishop of Acerno by Pope Pius II by a bull dated 10 March 1460 (Martucci, p. viii). He died on 11 April 1487 (Martucci, p. xvi). Giovanni Martucci (1899), Un poema latino inedito del secolo XV: sulla tentata restaurazione angioina, (in Italian and Latin), By Paracleto Fosco (Roma: G. Balbi 1899). Eubel I, p. 78.
  34. G. Volpi (1752), Cronologia de' vescovi Pestani ora detti di Capaccio. (in Italian) seconda edizione. Napoli: Giovanni Riccio, 1752, p. 250.
  35. Ughelli (VII, p. 449) mentions three names: Pietro de Aretio anno 1511; Alemannus, obit 1514; and Lucius electus ann. 1514. die 29 Maii. These names are repeated by Cappelletti (XX, p. 317) and Gams (p. 844). In no case is any evidence presented for any of the three. None of them knows anything of Dalmatius Queralt.
  36. Queralt was appointed Bishop of Acerno on 13 August 1512 by Pope Julius II. On 29 May 1514, Pope Leo X wrote a number of letters, indicating that Bishop Dalmatius of Acerno was dead, and that he had decided to provide in his place Ludovicus Munoz a cleric of the diocese of Tarazona (Spain). J. Hergenröther, Leonis X papae Regesta Vol I (Friburg im Breisgau: Herder 1884), p. 576 nos. 9146-9153. Eubel III, p. 93, with notes 2-4. I regesti dell'archivio: Aula III, Volume 2 of I regesti dell'archivio, Montecassino (Roma: Ministero dell'interno. Pubblicazioni degli archivi di Stato, Ministero dell'interno, 1964), p. 218 (October 1513). Vidal Guitarte Izquierdo (1994), Episcopologio español (1500-1699) Roma: Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994), p. 28.
  37. Luis Muñoz' bull of appointment indicates that he was the successor of Dalmazio Queralt, not somebody named Alemanno.
  38. Muñoz was provided by Pope Leo X on 29 May 1514. J. Hergenröther, Leonis X papae Regesta Vol I (Friburg im Breisgau: Herder 1884), p. 576 nos. 9146-9153.
  39. Eubel III, p. 93.
  40. Colonna was appointed administrator on 18 January 1524. He resigned on 23 June 1525, upon the appointment of a new bishop. Eubel III, p. 93. Ughelli VII, p. 449 gives the wrong date (1523) for his appointment.
  41. Olivieri was appointed on 23 June 1525 by Pope Clement VII. He resigned the diocese in 1539. Ughelli VII, p. 449 (who states that Marcello Cervini held the administratorship from 9 July to 29 October 1539; but documents show that Cardinal Quiñones became administrator on 9 June 1539). Cappelletti XX, p. 317 (whose notion that Marcello Cervini held the administratorship in 1539, but resigned it when he became pope is pure nonsense; Cervino was pope for less than a month in the spring of 1555). Eubel III, p. 93.
  42. Cardinal Quiñones was appointed by Pope Paul III in the consistory of 9 June 1539. He resigned upon the appointment of the appointment of Bishop Nicola Olivieri on 29 October 1539. Eubel III, p. 93.
  43. A native of Naples, Orefice held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He was named Bishop of Acerno on 24 February 1581. He resigned the diocese in 1593. Ughelli VII, p. 449. Eubel III, p. 93.
  44. Agelli died in Rome in 1608. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 66 with note 2.
  45. A native of Borgo Val di Taro, Manara held the degree of master of theology in the Dominican Order. He had been Prior of the Dominican Convent of Santa Sabina in Rome. He was named Bishop of Acerno on 14 November 1604 by Pope Clement VIII. He died on 11 December 1610. Cristoforo Poggiali (1761), Memorie storiche della città di Piacenza Tomo decimo (10) (Piacenza: F. Giacopazzi 1761), p. 330. Gauchat, p. 66 with note 3.
  46. Solimele was a native of Salerno. He was appointed Bishop of Acerno by Pope Paul V on 14 March 1611. He held the seat for only two years, dying in June 1613. Cappelletti XX, p. 317. Gauchat, p. 66 with note 4.
  47. A Spaniard, born in the village of Aleazar in the province of Toledo, Serrano was appointed by Pope Paul V on 20 November 1613. He died in March 1637. G. Filograsso, review of: A. Balducci, L'Immacolata delle diocesi di Acerno e Salerno (Salerno: Spadafora 1954); in: Gregorianum 36 (1955), pp. 714-716. Gauchat, p. 66 with note 5.
  48. Galbiati, a native of Pontremoli, was appointed by Pope Urban VIII on 17 August 1637. He died on 23 May 1638. A Ludovico Galbiati was a protonotary apostolic and Vicar General of Lucca in 1635: Considerationi di Lodouico Galbiati protonotario apostolico, e vicario gen. di Lucca (Roma: Mascarani 1635). Francesco Serfilippo (1836), Ricerche sulla origine di Monte-Corvino nel principato citeriore (Napoli: Stabilimento Tipografico, 1836), pp. 56-57. Gauchat, p. 66 with note 6.
  49. Bonsi was a native of Florence, and had been a canon of the cathedral since 1605. He had been Auditor of the papal nunciature in Florence. He was named Bishop of Acerno on 13 September 1638. He was transferred to the diocese of Conversano on 26 May 1642. Ughelli VII, p. 451. S. Salvini, Catalogo cronologico de' Canonici della chiesa metropolitana Fiorentina (Firenze: G. Cambiagi 1782), p. 115, no. 699. Gauchat, p. 66 with note 7.
  50. Gauchat, p. 66 with note 8.
  51. Ragona was born in Tricarico. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure, and was a protonotary apostolic. He was appointed Bishop of Acerno on 17 October 1644, and consecrated in Rome on 23 October, by Cardinal Francesco Maria Brancaccio. He was transferred to the diocese of Capaccio on 13 April 1665. He died in 1677. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 66 with note 9; 134 with note 7.
  52. Glielmi Gauchat IV, p. 66. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 66, note 2.
  53. Sifola was born in Naples. He was Consultor General of the Theatine Order. He was appointed Bishop of Acerno on 22 May 1690. He died in November 1696. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 66 with note 3.
  54. Carocci was born in Gaeta in 1649. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He was a canon and Vicar General of Gaeta. He became Primicerius of the cathedral chapter, and was Vicar Capitular in 1693. He was named Bishop of Acerno on 17 December 1696. He died in Acerno in June 1702. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 66 with note 4.
  55. Ventriglia was born in Capua in 1650. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Naples 1675), and was a protonotary apostolic. He was a canon of the cathedral Chapter of Capua, and served as Vicar Capitular in 1686, and was then Vicar General of the diocese of Capua. He taught theology. He was named Bishop of Acerno by Pope Innocent XI on 5 March 1703. He died in Acerno in 1708. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 66 with note 5.
  56. Gams, p. 844, col. 2.
  57. Menafra was born at Burgentia in the diocese of Marsico Nuovo in 1659. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Naples 1682). He became Vicar General of Marsico Nuovo, then Andria, then Nola, then Amalfi. He was appointed Bishop of Acerno by Pope Clement XI on 24 January 1718. He died in Acerno in Novem ber 1738. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 66 with note 6.
  58. Anelli was born in the city of Andria in 1698. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Sapienza, Rome 1739). He held the priorate of Andria, and was Vicar General of Andria. He was appointed Bishop of Acerno on 26 January 1739, by Pope Benedict XIII. He was transferred to the diocese of Andria on 20 May 1743, by Pope Benedict XIV. He died in Andria on 14 July 1756. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, pp. 63 with note 2; 83 with note 2.
  59. Lorenzi was born in Naples in 1701. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Sapienza, Rome 1743). He became Vicar General of the diocese of Ascoli in Apulia (1730), and then of Nola (1738). He was appointed bishop of Acerno on 15 July 1743, and consecrated a bishop in Rome on 21 July. He was dispensed from the obligation of residence in his diocese by 1 April 1785, and a Vicar Apostolic was appointed to administer the diocese. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 63 with note 3.
  60. Calandrelli was born in CCercemaggiore (diocese of Benevento) in 1731. He was a master of theology in his Order, and served as master of studies, prior, and Provincial of the Neapolitan Province of his Order. He was Dean of the college of theologians. On 20 January 1792, he was nominated bishop of Acerno by King Fredinand IV, approved by Pope Pius VI on 26 March 1792, and consecrated in Rome on 9 April. He died on 18 August 1797. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 63 with note 4.
  61. Mancusi was born at Giffoni (diocese of Salerno) in 1754. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (1782). For ten years (1787–1797), he was Vicar General of the diocese of Acerno, and, following the death of Bishop Calandrelli, he was elected Vicar Capitular by the cathedral Chapter. He was nominated bishop of Acerno by King Fredinand IV on 31 October 1797, and approved by Pope Pius VI on 18 December 1797. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 63 with note 5.
  62. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 63, note 1.

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