Diploschistes

Diploschistes
	Diploschistes scruposus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Graphidales
Family:	Graphidaceae
Genus:	Diploschistes; Norman (1853)
Type species
	Diploschistes scruposus; (Schreb.) Norman (1853)
Species
	~43
Synonyms[1]
	Lectularia Stirt. (1878); Lagerheimina Kuntze (1891); Polyschistes J.Steiner (1898); Protoschistes M.Choisy (1928); Urceolariomyces Cif. & Tomas. (1953); Diploschistomyces Werner (1976);

Diploschistes (crater lichen) is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae.[2] Members of the genus are crustose lichens with a thick, cracked (areolate) body (thallus) with worldwide distribution.[3]^: 264[4][5] The fruiting part (apothecia) are immersed in the thick thallus so as to have the appearance of being small "craters".[3]^: 264 The widespread genus contains about 43 species.[6]

Taxonomy

Johannes Musæus Norman originally circumscribed the genus in 1853.[7] It is in the family Graphidaceae. In 2018,[8] Kraichak and colleagues, using a "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks, proposed placing Diploschistes as the type genus of Diploschistaceae, a family originally proposed by Zalbruckner in 1905.[9] This taxonomic proposal was rejected by Robert Lücking in a critical 2019 review of the temporal method for the classification of lichen-forming fungi, using this specific example to highlight several drawbacks of this approach.[10]

Selected species

Diploschistes actinostomus (Ach.) Zahlbr. (1892)
Diploschistes aeneus (Müll.Arg.) Lumbsch (1989)
Diploschistes albopruinosus Pérez-Vargas, Hern.-Padr. & Elix (2011)
Diploschistes almbornii C.W.Dodge (1964)
Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vain. (1921)
Diploschistes candidissimus (Kremp.) Zahlbr. (1924)
Diploschistes cinereocaesius (Sw.) Vain. (1921)
Diploschistes conceptionis Vain. (1899)
Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch (1988)
Diploschistes diploschistoides (Vain.) G.Salisb. (1972)
Diploschistes elixii Lumbsch & Mangold (2007)
Diploschistes euganeus (A.Massal.) J.Steiner (1919)
Diploschistes farinosus (Anzi) Vězda (1974)
Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr. (1892)
Diploschistes gyrophoricus Lumbsch & Elix (1989)
Diploschistes hensseniae Lumbsch & Elix (1985)
Diploschistes microsporus Lumbsch & Elix (2003)
Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R.Sant. (1980)
Diploschistes neutrophilus (Clauzade & Cl.Roux) Fern.-Brime & Llimona (2013)
Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman (1852)
Diploschistes sticticus (Körb.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
Diploschistes thunbergianus (Ach.) Lumbsch & Vězda (1993)
Diploschistes tianshanensis A.Abbas, S.Y.Guo & Ababaikeli (2016)
Diploschistes wui A.Abbas, S.Y.Guo & Ababaikeli (2018)
Diploschistes xinjiangensis A.Abbas & S.Y.Guo (2015)

References

"Diploschistes Norman 1853". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
"Diploschistes". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search
Crater Lichen (Diploschistes), Encyclopedia of Life
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
Norman JM. (1852). "Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonnullorum Lichenum in organis fructificationes vel sporis fundatae". Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskapene [New Magazine for the Natural Sciences] (in Latin). 7: 213–52.
Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (3): 233–249. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060.
Engler, H.G.A.; Prantl, K.A.E. (1905). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten. 1 (in German). pp. 97–144 [121].
Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in Fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.

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[urlMycoBank:_Diploschistes-1] "Diploschistes Norman 1853". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-09-20.

[CoL-2] "Diploschistes". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 8 April 2023.

[SSFGCL-3] Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2

[USDA-4] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search

[5] Crater Lichen (Diploschistes), Encyclopedia of Life

[Kirk2008-6] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

[Norman1852-7] Norman JM. (1852). "Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonnullorum Lichenum in organis fructificationes vel sporis fundatae". Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskapene [New Magazine for the Natural Sciences] (in Latin). 7: 213–52.

[Kraichak_et_al._2018-8] Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (3): 233–249. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060.

[Engler_1905-9] Engler, H.G.A.; Prantl, K.A.E. (1905). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten. 1 (in German). pp. 97–144 [121].

[Lücking_2019-10] Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in Fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.