Discinaceae

The Discinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi, the best known members of which are the false morels of the genus Gyromitra. Originally erected by Erich Heinz Benedix in 1961, it was found to be a discrete clade in a molecular study of ribosomal DNA by mycologist Kerry O'Donnell in 1997.[1] As of 2008, the family is thought to contain 5 genera and 58 species.[2] As of 2022, the GBIF accepts Discina (Fr.) Fr. (27 spp), Gymnohydnotrya B.C.Zhang & Minter, 1989 (4 spp), Gyromitra Fr., 1849 (73 spp), Hydnotrya Berk. & Broome (52 spp) and Maublancomyces (1 sp). But calls Neogyromitra S.Imai and Pseudorhizina Jacz. doubtful.[3]

Discinaceae
Discina perlata, member of the Discinaceae
Discina perlata, member of the Discinaceae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Pezizomycetes
Order: Pezizales
Family: Discinaceae
Benedix (1962)
Type genus
Discina
(Fr.) Fr. (1849)
Genera
  • Discina
  • Gymnohydnotrya
  • Gyromitra
  • Hydnotrya
  • Maublancomyces
  • Pseudorhizina

Members in the family Discinaceae are known to have epigeous and hypogeous species, and are characterized by ascomata composed of an inner layer of interwoven hyphae and an outer layer composed of elongated cells arranged perpendicular to its exterior.[4] Discinaceae include species possessing saddle-shaped apothecia and hypogeous truffles.[5] Discinaceae possess cylindrical, 8-spored, tapered asci and ascospores that can be elliptical, globose or fusoid.[5] Discinaceae exhibit various morphological traits, such as disc-shaped fruiting bodies, brain-like stalks, and saddle-shaped caps.[6] Discinaceae has been proposed as a sister lineage with Morchellaceae, but is only supported by similarities in morphologic traits.[7] Members such as Hydnotrya tulasnei are known to form ectomycorrhizal relationships with broadleaf and conifer trees in the Northern Hemisphere.[8] Discinaceae abundance has been found to significantly correlate by forest type, such as the abundance of Hydnotrya in black truffle-producing riparian forests in Serbia.[9]

References
  1. O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Weber NS, Trappe JM (1997). "Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis". Mycologia. 89 (1): 48–65. doi:10.2307/3761172. JSTOR 3761172.
  2. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. pp. 214–5. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  3. "Discinaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  4. McLaughlin, David J.; Spatafora, Joseph W. (2015). The Mycota. 7, Systematics and evolution. Part B : a comprehensive treatise on fungi as experimental systems for basic and applied research (Second ed.). Heidelberg [Germany]: Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-46010-8.
  5. Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; Zhao, Qi (May 2018). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of operculate discomycetes: Pezizomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 90 (1): 161–243. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0402-z. S2CID 46977584.
  6. McKnight, Kent H. (1987). A field guide to mushrooms, North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-42101-2.
  7. Hansen, K.; Pfister, D. H. (2006). "Systematics of the Pezizomycetes: The Operculate Discomycetes". Mycologia. 98 (6): 1029–1040. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1029. ISSN 0027-5514. JSTOR 20444791. PMID 17486978.
  8. Stielow, Benjamin; Bubner, Ben; Hensel, Gunnar; Münzenberger, Babette; Hoffmann, Peter; Klenk, Hans-Peter; Göker, Markus (May 2010). "The neglected hypogeous fungus Hydnotrya bailii Soehner (1959) is a widespread sister taxon of Hydnotrya tulasnei (Berk.) Berk. & Broome (1846)". Mycological Progress. 9 (2): 195–203. doi:10.1007/s11557-009-0625-1. S2CID 26591823.
  9. Marjanović, Žaklina; Nawaz, Ali; Stevanović, Katarina; Saljnikov, Elmira; Maček, Irena; Oehl, Fritz; Wubet, Tesfaye (31 August 2020). "Root-Associated Mycobiome Differentiate between Habitats Supporting Production of Different Truffle Species in Serbian Riparian Forests". Microorganisms. 8 (9): 1331. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091331. PMC 7563819. PMID 32878332.



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