Discokeryx
Discokeryx is an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates, possibly related to the modern giraffe and okapi. D. xiezhi was alive during the Early Miocene period 17–16.9 million years ago. Fossilized remains of this animal were discovered in the Halamagai Formation located in northwest China. This species is known for their thick heads, skulls and stumpy necks used for fighting other male D. xiezhi [1][2]
| Discokeryx Temporal range: Early Miocene ~ | |
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| Skeletal reconstructions | |
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| A skeletal drawing of two Discokeryx xiezhi. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | †Prolibytheriidae |
| Genus: | †Discokeryx Wang et al, 2022 |
| Type species | |
| Discokeryx xiezhi Wang et al, 2022 | |
Description
Discokeryx had a thick-boned cranium which had disk-shaped headgear located in the middle of the head, cervical vertebrae with thickened centra, and the most complicated head-neck joints in any mammal known at the time of its discovery in 2022. These adaptations were for head-butting behavior between males, comparable to the behaviors of rams and musk-oxen as well as the neck-blowing in modern male giraffes. The neck adaptations of Discokeryx help scientists to better understand the triggers for the evolution of the necks of giraffoids.[1][3]
Compared to extant head-butting animals such as rams and musk-oxen, D. xiezhi had the most optimized head-butting adaptations of all, with a skull that protected the brain more efficiently than other head-butting mammals. Tooth enamel isotopes indicate that the species was an open-land grazer which drank from multiple sources of water, and that their habitats included areas that other contemporary mammals were not adapted to make use of like D. xiezhi could.[1]
Etymology
The name of the type species and only species, Discokeryx xiezhi, was named after the Xiezhi, which is a Chinese mythical creature with one horn. The name of the genus translates to "round-plated horn" in English.[1]
References
- Wang, S.-Q.; Ye, J.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Costeur, L.; Mennecart, B.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, J.; Aiglstorfer, M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y.; Wu, W.-Y.; Deng, T. (2022). "Sexual selection promotes giraffoid head-neck evolution and ecological adaptation". Science. 376 (6597): 1306–1310. doi:10.1126/science.abl8316. S2CID 249313002.
- Lanese, Nicoletta (2022-06-02). "Short-necked giraffe relative discovered in China. It used its helmet head to bash rivals". livescience.com. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
- "Miocene Giraffe Had Disk-Shaped Headgear and Head-Neck Joints Adapted for Head-Butting Combat". Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
External links