Donnerbüchse

The German term Donnerbüchse (plural: Donnerbüchsen, formerly Donnerwagen) means "thunderbox" and is the nickname for the four-wheeled, open, passenger coaches, built from 1921 onwards, that served with the Deutsche Reichsbahn. In contrast to their predecessors, they were made entirely of iron or steel. The name comes from the loud rumbling of these coaches as a result of their lack of damping. Even the immediate forerunners of these wagons were given the name despite their wooden construction. In the early days, they were also called Ackermann'sche Donnerbüchse ("Ackermann's thunderboxes") after the departmental head responsible for them in the Ministry of Transport.

Four-wheeled, standard, open coach
Donnerbüchse
"Thunderbox"
A Thunderbox on a South German Railway Museum special service at Crailsheim, December 2007
Constructed1921 to 1931
Number built
  • 8255 passenger coaches
  • 917 luggage vans
Specifications
Car length
  • 13,920 mm (45 ft 8 in)
  • Bi-29: 14,040 mm (46 ft 34 in)
Width
  • Wooden type: 3,000 mm (9 ft 10+18 in)
  • Austauschbauart: 3,090 mm (10 ft 1+58 in)
  • Bi-29: 2,996 mm (9 ft 10 in)
  • Luggage van: 2,855 mm (9 ft 4+38 in)
Wheel diameter1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in)
Maximum speed90 km/h (56 mph)
Weight
  • Wooden type: 18.0 t (17.7 long tons; 19.8 short tons)
  • Iron type: 17.6–20.0 t (17.3–19.7 long tons; 19.4–22.0 short tons)
  • All steel: 19.5–21.4 t (19.2–21.1 long tons; 21.5–23.6 short tons)
  • Luggage van: 18.4–20.5 t (18.1–20.2 long tons; 20.3–22.6 short tons)

History

Because the Deutsche Reichsbahn suffered from a great shortage of coaches following the ceasefire reparations at the beginning of the 1920s, in 1921 new passenger coaches were built based on standard designs, the so-called Einheitsbauart. Although a steel design was called for from the outset, most of the coach factories could not immediately change their production lines, so that the vast majority of the coaches in the first delivery batches were still built with wooden coach bodies. Between 1921 and 1923, 90 iron and 2,639 wooden coaches entered service. Whilst the wooden variants were exclusively built as 4th class coaches, the iron ones were delivered as 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 2nd/3rd and even 2nd/4th class coaches.

In a succession of procurement programmes, a further 517 4th class, all-steel coaches (440 in Austauschbauart form) were acquired in 1927/28, followed by a total of 5,009 coaches of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 2nd/3rd and 3rd/4th classes (of which 3,377 were Austauschbauart versions) from 1928 to 1930, so that by 1930 more than 8,250 coaches had entered service. In 1928, when the Reichsbahn dropped the 4th class grade of accommodation, the 4th class coaches, which had initially been the largest group, were redesignated as 3rd class coaches at first and then, later, converted.

In addition to the passenger coaches, 917 Pwi luggage vans also appeared between 1923 and 1931 to a similar design.

Types

Wooden coaches

A 1921 Di-21, rebuilt to a Cid-21 in 1928.
Class to 1928Class from 1928SeatsQuantityYear(s) of ManufactureRemarks
Di-21cCid-21c6661921Trial series
Di-21Cid-216622361921/23
Di-21aCid-21a663971921/23

Iron coaches

Class to 1928Class from 1928SeatsQuantityYear(s) of ManufactureRemarks
Bi-21Bi-2140101921/23Trial coaches
BCi-21BCi-2116/34101921/23Trial coaches
BDi-21BCid-2116/39101923Trial coaches
Ci-21Ci-2158101923Trial coaches
Di-21bCid-21b66501922Trial coaches

All-steel coaches - "Donnerbüchsen"

Steam engine with Cid-27
Cid-27 driving
Class to 1928Class from 1928SeatsQuantityYear(s) of ManufactureRemarks
Di-26Cid-2666771927/28
Di-27Cid-27; Ciu-27/28664401927/28Austauschbau
BCi-28BCi-2815/344491928/29Austauschbau
Ci-28Ci-285817441928/29Austauschbau
CDi-28CCid-28; CCiu-2829/29401928Austauschbau
Bi-29Bi-293816321929/30
BCi-29BCi-2915/345001929/30Austauschbau
Ci-29Ci-29584501929/30Austauschbau
Ci-30Ci-30581941929/30Austauschbau

Luggage vans

Class to 1928Class from 1928Maximum loadQuantityYear(s) of manufactureRemarks
Pwi-23Pwi-237,0 t2871923/27
Pwi-27Pwi-277,0 t401927/28
Pwi-28Pwi-287,0 t401928Austauschbau
Pwi-29Pwi-297,0 t3701929/30Austauschbau
Pwi-30Pwi-307,0 t1501930Austauschbau
Pwi-31Pwi-317,0 t301931Austauschbau

Conversions and operation

From 1930 several Di-21 coaches were converted to heavy hand luggage vans (Traglastenwagen).

In 1930 and 1934, 28 Cid-21/21a coaches had simple post compartments fitted, they were designated as class C Postid-21/34 and, later, as B Postid-21/34.

The DB replaced the original wooden benches, in many cases, by upholstered seating. When 3rd class travel services were discontinued in 1956 the coaches were reclassified accordingly.

In 1951 several Ci coaches were converted into driving trailers (CPwif) for shuttle services headed by steam locomotives. They had a driver's cab fitted at one end, were given red livery and a luggage compartment.

At the beginning of the 1960s the retirement of the Donnerbüchsen began; however many were converted to works coaches (Bauzugwagen) and used as such. The Bundesbahn used the last coaches in passenger services at the end of the 1970s. These coaches are still working today on many museum railways.

In Poland Donnerbüchsen were used in passenger train services until 1989.

See also

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