Driver monitoring system

The driver monitoring system, also known as driver attention monitor, is a vehicle safety system to assess the driver's alertness and warn the driver if needed and eventually apply the brakes. It was first introduced by Toyota in 2006 for its and Lexus' latest models. It was first offered in Japan on the GS 450h. The system's functions co-operate with the pre-collision system (PCS).[1] The system uses infrared sensors to monitor driver attentiveness. Specifically, the driver monitoring system includes a CCD camera placed on the steering column which tracks the face,[2] via infrared LED detectors.[3] If the driver is not paying attention to the road ahead and a dangerous situation is detected, the system will warn the driver by flashing lights, warning sounds. If no action is taken, the vehicle will apply the brakes (a warning alarm will sound followed by a brief automatic application of the braking system). This system is said to be the first of its kind.[2]

The driver monitoring system on the LS 600h.

In 2008, the Toyota Crown system went further and can detect if the driver is becoming sleepy by monitoring the eyelids.[4][5]

In 2017, Cadillac released their Super Cruise system. Which allowed hands free driving at highway speeds on specially mapped highways. In order to ensure that the driver continued to pay attention to the road, they included Seeing Machines DMS, this was initially only available in the CT6.[6]

In 2019, BMW introduced an Extended Traffic Jam Assistant System[7] in almost its entire range of car models. This allows driving at up to 37 mph.

Vehicles
2010 driver monitoring system with LCD night vision cluster

Lexus models that have adopted the Driver Monitoring System to date, listed by model year::

Toyota models that have adopted the Driver Monitoring System:

  • 2008 Toyota Crown Hybrid (includes drowsiness detection)

General Motors first demonstrated their Super Cruise hands free driving using Seeing Machines Driver Monitoring System in the Cadillac CT6, soon to be rolled out across 22 models.[8]

BMW models have adopted driver monitoring system in 2019 in the optional "BMW Live Cockpit Professional" available in:

The infrared cameras are in the top middle part of the instrument cluster, part of iDrive BMW Live Cockpit and driven by BMW Operating System 7.0.

Ford use the Seeing Machines DMS with infrared LEDs in a module located on the steering column behind the steering wheel as part of their active drive assist hands free driving "BlueCruise" in the 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E and the 2021 F-150.[10][11]

Mercedes-Benz have integrated the camera from their Seeing Machines driver monitoring system with the 3D instrument display, head-up display, lighting and car controls in the 2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W223) model. [12]

Chinese Manufacturers
  • NIO ET7 and EL7 - infrared cameras and camera near the instrument cluster.
  • XPeng P7 with Navigation Guided Pilot (NGP).

Regulation

In European Union, regulation (EU) 2019/2144 regulates the driver monitoring system.[13]

driver drowsiness and attention warning means a system that assesses the driver’s alertness through vehicle systems analysis and warns the driver if needed

— regulation (EU) 2019/2144

Driver drowsiness and attention warning and advanced driver distraction warning systems shall be designed in such a way that those systems do not continuously record nor retain any data other than what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they were collected or otherwise processed within the closed-loop system. Furthermore, those data shall not be accessible or made available to third parties at any time and shall be immediately deleted after processing. Those systems shall also be designed to avoid overlap and shall not prompt the driver separately and concurrently or in a confusing manner where one action triggers both systems.

— regulation (EU) 2019/2144

See also

References
  1. "Toyota Enhances Pre-crash Safety System With Driver-monitoring Function". JCN Newswires. 2005.
  2. "LS460 achieves a world-first in preventative safety". NewCarNet.co.uk. 2006-08-30. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  3. "Auto Bild Safety Comparison LS460 vs. S550" (in German). Auto Bild. 2006-12-05. Archived from the original on 2007-02-16. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
  4. "TOYOTA: News Releases". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-03-10. Toyota Enhances Pre-crash Safety System with Eye Monitor
  5. "Toyota Redesigns Crown & Introduces Hybrid Model". Worldcarfans.
  6. "We went hands-off with Cadillac's Super Cruise on public roads".
  7. "BMW's Extended Traffic Jam Assistant System wants to stare into your eyes".
  8. "GM's Super Cruise Self-Driving Tech Will be on 22 Vehicles by 2023". 6 February 2020.
  9. "2021 Cadillac Escalade gets Super Cruise, and here's what it costs".
  10. "What is Ford Active Drive Assist?".
  11. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Sandy checks out Ford's BlueCruise hands-free driver assist technology". YouTube.
  12. "Mercedes looks to new sensors so lavish S-Class is more user-friendly". 10 July 2020.
  13. "EUR-Lex - 32019R2144 - EN - EUR-Lex".
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