Dubok (camouflage)

The VSR-84 "Dubok"[1] (also "Butan"[2] or "Butane"[3]) is a tricolor military camouflage designed for the Soviet Armed Forces in 1984. After the dissolution of the USSR, it was used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[4]

VSR-84 "Dubok"
Ukrainian Butan woodland pattern.
TypeMilitary camouflage pattern
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1984–present
Used bySee Users
Wars
Production history
Designed1984
Produced1984–present
VariantsSee Variants

The camouflage is sometimes known as TTsKO (Russian: Tryokhtsvetnaya kamuflirovannaya odezdha, lit.'Three Color Camouflage').[5]

History

The Dubok was developed in 1984 for the former Soviet Army.[6] They were used by the Soviet Air Forces and Soviet Airborne Forces.[7] The pattern was first used in Afghanistan.[1]

Russian service

The Dubok was seen with Russian spetsnaz forces deployed in 1992 during the Transnistria War as "peacekeepers".[8]

The pattern was seen with officers while privates and other soldiers were using the VSR-93.[9]

Ukrainian service

Then-president Leonid Kuchma said in July 1993 that the Ukrainian military would receive new camouflage uniforms, but it was never issued.[10] By 1994, Duboks were seen with darker camouflage prints.[11]

Duboks in Ukrainian service were replaced by digital camouflage in 2014.[12] At the time, it was reported that Ukraine obtained Dubok fabric from Belarusian and Chinese producers.[13]

The Dubok was last used by Ukrainian troops in 2014 during the Donbass War, which was replaced by the MM14[2] from August 21, 2014.[1]

Design

The color scheme "oak", known as "amoeba",[14] consists of a light green background, on which spots of green and brown colors are applied.[6] Camouflage is designed to blur the silhouette at long and close distances.

Ukrainian paratroopers of the 79th Airmobile Brigade in "oak" camouflage. 2008, training "Cossack Steppe"

Variants

Belarus

Belarus formerly used a clone of the Ukrainian Dubok desert variant.[15]

Croatia

Croatia used Soviet-era dubok as basis for clones made during the Croatian War of Independence.[16]

Estonia

Estonia made their versions of the TTsKO after it gained independence with inconsistent green colors.[17]

Moldova

Moldova used Ukrainian-made duboks, but with whorl-based shapes on the pattern.[18]

Ukraine

A desert variant was developed based on the Ukrainian version of the Dubok.[19][20] It's either known in the Ukrainian military as the Dubok-P (Desert) or Dubok-UA (Desert-UA).[1]

Users

Unrecognized Entities

Former

  •  Russia: Adopted in 1991.[25] Replaced later on by the VSR/Dubok in 1991 for specialist units in the Russian military before the rest of the military and the MVD received the pattern in 1994.
  •  Serbian Krajina: Kninjas paramilitary forces used one piece coverall uniforms made from M82-based TTsKo.[26]
  •  Soviet Union: Until dissolution in 1991, passed onto successor states.
  •  Ukraine: Used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[27][4][28] Replaced from service by the MM14.[2]

References

  1. https://mil.in.ua/en/articles/camouflage-of-the-ukrainian-army-from-butan-to-mm-14/
  2. "Ukraine Army Uniform - Combat Uniform & Amunition for Soldiers". November 15, 2022.
  3. Larson (2021), p. 469.
  4. "Все для фронта: какие новые вооружения ВПК готов поставлять армии Украины". РБК-Украина (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  5. Greentree (2023), p. 60.
  6. "Камуфляж "Дубок" - Камуфляж Украины - Камуфляж стран Европы - Камуфляж". September 7, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-09-07.
  7. "Камуфляж "Бутан" - Камуфляж СССР - Камуфляж стран Европы - Камуфляж". September 7, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-09-07.
  8. Galeotti (2015), p. 32.
  9. "Russian Camo: What Camouflage Does Russia Use ?". April 2020.
  10. В украинской армии будет новая форма. Теоретически // "Красная звезда", № 169 (21156) от 28 июля 1993. стр.1
  11. https://chas.news/current/kamuflyazh-v-armiyah-ukraini-ssha-i-rosii-nazvi-kolori-ta-sekreti-uspishnogo-maskuvannya
  12. "Украинские военные наденут новую форму". ukraine.segodnya.ua.
  13. "«Дубки» отечества и ботинки «смерть суставам» / Экспертиза / Держава / В номере 2000.ua Последние новости Украины, аналитика Украина, газета 2000". July 15, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-07-15.
  14. "Тентова прорезинена тканина камуфляж "Дубок", ш. 150 см купити недорого на відріз в інтернет-магазині тканин "Натуральні тканини" з доставкою по Україні для наметів, тентів, чохлів". shoptkani.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-01-22.
  15. Larson (2021), p. 357.
  16. Larson (2021), p. 367-368.
  17. Larson (2021), p. 376.
  18. Larson (2021), p. 411.
  19. "Камуфляж Пустыня" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2012-10-05. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  20. "Камуфляж Пустыня (использовался в Ираке) - Камуфляж Украины - Камуфляж стран Европы - Камуфляж". April 15, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-04-15.
  21. Larson (2021), p. 195.
  22. Larson (2021), p. 198.
  23. Larson (2021), p. 356.
  24. Larson (2021), p. 267.
  25. Larson (2021), p. 431.
  26. Larson (2021), p. 445.
  27. Larson (2021), p. 458.
  28. "Ukrainian M14 Digital Pattern". October 5, 2019.

Bibliography

  • Galeotti, Mark (2015). Spetsnaz: Russia's Special Forces. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472807229.
  • Greentree, David (2023). Soviet Naval Infantry 1917–91. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472851628.
  • Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.
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