Dubok (camouflage)

The Dubok was seen with Russian spetsnaz forces deployed in 1992 during the Transnistria War as "peacekeepers".[8]

The pattern was seen with officers while privates and other soldiers were using the VSR-93.[9]

Then-president Leonid Kuchma said in July 1993 that the Ukrainian military would receive new camouflage uniforms, but it was never issued.[10] By 1994, Duboks were seen with darker camouflage prints.[11]

Duboks in Ukrainian service were replaced by digital camouflage in 2014.[12] At the time, it was reported that Ukraine obtained Dubok fabric from Belarusian and Chinese producers.[13]

The Dubok was last used by Ukrainian troops in 2014 during the Donbass War, which was replaced by the MM14[2] from August 21, 2014.[1]

Belarus formerly used a clone of the Ukrainian Dubok desert variant.[15]

Croatia used Soviet-era dubok as basis for clones made during the Croatian War of Independence.[16]

Estonia made their versions of the TTsKO after it gained independence with inconsistent green colors.[17]

Moldova used Ukrainian-made duboks, but with whorl-based shapes on the pattern.[18]

A desert variant was developed based on the Ukrainian version of the Dubok.[19][20] It's either known in the Ukrainian military as the Dubok-P (Desert) or Dubok-UA (Desert-UA).[1]

•  Donetsk People's Republic
•  Luhansk People's Republic

•  Armenia: Formerly used by Armenian border guard forces.[21]
•  Azerbaijan: Used by Azeri border guard in the 1990s after the fall of the USSR.[22]
•  Belarus: Known to be used by Belarusian airborne and special forces units.[23] Ukrainian desert variant used in 2003-2004 with Belarusian soldiers in peacekeeping missions in desert scenarios.[15]
•  Croatia: Croatian clones of Soviet-era duboks used in the Croatian war of independence in 1991.[16]
•  Estonia: Formerly used by Estonian military and border guard forces.[17] Some uniforms were based on local TTsKO camouflage.[17]
•  Kyrgyzstan: Used by Kyrgyz military in the 1990s.[24]
•  Moldova: Moldovan troops used a variant of the Soviet-era TTsKo from 1991 to 1995.[18]
•  Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Used by the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan until its dissolution in 1992. Passed on to various private armies such as Hekmatyar's Hezbi Islami, Massoud's Jamiat Islami and Dostum's Junbish.

•  Russia: Adopted in 1991.[25] Replaced later on by the VSR/Dubok in 1991 for specialist units in the Russian military before the rest of the military and the MVD received the pattern in 1994.
•  Serbian Krajina: Kninjas paramilitary forces used one piece coverall uniforms made from M82-based TTsKo.[26]
•  Soviet Union: Until dissolution in 1991, passed onto successor states.
•  Ukraine: Used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[27][4][28] Replaced from service by the MM14.[2]

• Galeotti, Mark (2015). Spetsnaz: Russia's Special Forces. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472807229.
• Greentree, David (2023). Soviet Naval Infantry 1917–91. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472851628.
• Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.