Duke of Silesia

The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

At the beginning of the 14th century, fourteen independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan and Oleśnica in Lower Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa. Between 1327 and 1329 most dukes accepted the overlordship of Bohemian king John of Bohemia, who acquired the right of succession for all of these duchies. In the coming centuries all branches of the Silesian Piasts died out, and with the death of George William, Duke of Liegnitz the dynasty ceased to exist.

Duchy of Silesia

The Duchy of Silesia, one of the hereditary provinces of Poland, Silesia, was granted to Bolesław III's eldest son, Władysław II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Bolesław I the Tall (Wrocław/Lower Silesia), Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Racibórz/Upper Silesia) and Konrad Spindleshanks (Głogów). After Konrad's death Głogów was again united with the Duchy of Wrocław/Lower Silesia.

Piast Dynasty

RulerBornReignDeathRuling PartNotes
Ladislaus II the Exile11051138–114630 May 1159Silesiaalso monarch of Poland
exiled by his half-brothers
Boleslaus IV the Curly11251146–11635 January 1173Silesiahalf-brother of Ladislaus II
also Duke of Masovia and monarch of Poland

Partitions of Silesia

In 1173 Bolesław returned and he agreed to let Mieszko and Bolesław rule in their own Duchies, separated from the Duchy of Silesia. This led to the creation of the Duchy of Racibórz for Mieszko I and the Duchy of Opole for Jarosław, beginning the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia. The territories controlled by Mieszko I and Jarosław roughly corresponded to what is known as Upper Silesia, while the territories remaining with Bolesław I roughly corresponded to Lower Silesia.

Lower Silesia

Duchy of Lower Silesia was a direct continuation of the Duchy of Silesia, but without the territories roughly corresponding to Upper Silesia; hence it was composed of the territories roughly corresponding to Lower Silesia. Some sources refer to it as the Duchy of Silesia; some as Duchy of Lower Silesia; others yet as the Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław was the capital of the Duchy of Silesia, yet this early (1172–1248) Duchy of Silesia should not be confused with the smaller Duchy of Wrocław that was created with further fragmentation in 1248. The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory. In 1248 Lower Silesia was divided when Bolesław II had to cede the Duchy of Wrocław to his younger brother Henry III.

Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia was divided into the Duchies of Cieszyn, and Opole-Racibórz. In 1340 the Duchy of Racibórz was united with Opava, a Bohemian fief.

Partitions of Polish Silesia under Piast dynasty

       Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

Duchy of Silesia
(1138–1163)
Lower Silesia
(1163–1241)
Opole-Racibórz,
Upper Silesia
(1st creation)
(1163–1282)
             
Wrocław
(1241–1335)
              Legnica
(1st creation)
(1241–1449)
Opole
(1282–1521)
Bytom
(1282–1357)
Racibórz
(1282–1336)
      
Oleśnica
(1312–1492)
Żagań
(1309–1504)
Głogów
(1st creation)
(1274–1331)
Świdnica-Jawor
(divided into
Świdnica and Jawor
1312–1346)

(1274–1392)
Ziębice
(1312–1442)
       Oświęcim
(1315–1457)
Cieszyn
(1281–1653)
Annexed to Bohemia Annexed to Bohemia (1331)
Recovered by Jawor
(1337)
Annexed to Bohemia (1346)
Annexed to Bohemia
Recovered by Opole (1521)
Shared inheritance:
  • Half A: Part of Żagań inheritance (1349–1480)
  • Half B: Part of Swidnica-Jawor (1360–68), Annexed to Bohemia (1368–84), Part of Cieszyn inheritance (1384–1480)

Both parts reunited by Żagań line (1480)

       Lubin
(1348–1446)
Brzeg
(1st creation)
(1342–1450)
(divided (1358–68) in halves, one of them part of Świdnica-Jawor; Olawa split 1400–54 and joined Legnica)
Shared
inheritance:
- Half A: Part of Oleśnica inheritance (1357–1498)
- Half B: Part of Cieszyn (1357–1459), and then Oleśnica inheritances (1459–98)

Both parts recovered by Opole (1498)

Annexed to Bohemia       
Annexed to Bohemia Annexed to Bohemia Part of Głogów Half A inheritance
(1446–1482)
Opole
(1282–1521)
       Zator
(1445–1513)
       Annexed to Poland
Annexed to Poland (1488) Legnica
(2nd creation)
(1454–1672)
(bought Brzeg from Opole (1481), and regained Lubin from Głogów (1482))
      
Annexed to Bohemia        Brzeg
(2nd creation)
(1488–1672)
(Lubin recreated as dowry 1521–50; Olawa split 1586–95, 1602–05, 1672–80)
      
Annexed to Saxony        Opole-Racibórz
(1521–1532)
Annexed to Poland
       Annexed to Brandenburg-Ansbach
Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire

A quick reminder avoiding confusion:

Lower SilesiaUpper Silesia

Table of rulers

RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Boleslaus I the Tall11271163–12018 December 1201Lower SilesiaZvenislava of Kiev
1142
two children

Christina
1157
seven children
Mieszko III Tanglefoot11301163–12116 May 1211Upper SilesiaLudmila of Bohemia
between 1170 and 1178
five children
First Duke of Upper Silesia, emerged from Silesia with the Duchy of Lower Silesia.
Henry I the Bearded11651201–123819 March 1238Lower SilesiaHedwig of Merania
1188
seven children
Also monarch of Poland.
Casimir II1179/801211–123013 May 1230Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)Viola of Bulgaria
between 1212 and 1220
four children
Henry II the Pious11961238–12419 April 1241Lower SilesiaAnna of Bohemia
1216
ten children
Also monarch of Poland.
Regencies of Henry I the Bearded (1230–1238) and Henry II the Pious (1238–1239)
Mieszko II the Fat12201230–124622 October 1246Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)Judith of Masovia
c. 1239–1240
no children
Regency of Anna of Bohemia (1241–1242) Sons of Henry II, made partitions in 1248: Henry got the duchy of Wrocław, and Boleslaus the duchy of Legnica.
Henry III the White[1]1227 or 12301242–12663 December 1266WrocławJudith of Masovia
2 June 1252
two children

Helena of Saxony
before 1266
no children
Boleslaus II the Baldc. 1220/51242–127826–31 December 1278LegnicaHedwig of Anhalt
1242
seven children

Euphemia of Pomerelia
1261
(annulled 1277)
no children

Sophia of Dyhrn
(morganatic)
1277
no children
Ladislaus I12251246–128227 August or 13 September 1282Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)Euphemia of Greater Poland
1251
five children
In 1282 Opole-Raciborz was divided in various duchies, to the four sons of Władysław.
Conrad I[2]1228/311251–12746 August 1274GłogówSalome of Greater Poland
1249
six children

Sophie of Landsberg
1271
no children
First duke of Głogów. Brother of Henry III the White and Boleslaw II the Bald.
Henry IV the Just[3]1257/12581266–129023 June 1290WrocławConstance of Opole
March 1280
no children

Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
c. 1288
no children
also monarch of Poland.
Wroclaw temporarily annexed to Legnica
Henry III[1][4]1251/601274–13093 December 1309GłogówMatilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
March 1291
nine children
Children of Conrad I, divided the land. Henry III received Glogow, Przemko ruled Zagan and Conrad inherited Scinawa. Conrad would later inherit his brother Przemko's duchy, but was Henry who reunited the land after Conrasd 's land. After Henry III's won death, the lands were again divided.
Przemko I[5]1252/651274–128426 February 1289Głogów (at Żagań)Unmarried
Conrad II the Hunchback[6]1252/651274–130411 October 1304Głogów (at Scinawa until 1284; in Żagań since 1284)Unmarried
Henry V the Fat[7] 1248 1273–1278 22 February 1296 Świdnica-Jawor Elisabeth of Greater Poland
1277
eight children
Children of Boleslaus II, divided the land. Henry V had been nominated by his father as duke of Świdnica-Jawor, which he gave to his brothers Bolko and Bernard to inherit the entire Legnica. In 1290, after the death of the childless Henry IV, Henry V also inherited Wrocław. In 1296, after Henry V's death, Bolko was appointed regent for his nephews (sons of Henry V).
1278–1296Legnica
Bolko I the Strict[8]1252/61278–13019 November 1301Świdnica-JaworBeatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
4 October 1284
Berlin
ten children
Bernard I the Lightsome1253/71278–128625 April 1286Świdnica-JaworUnmarried
Premislaus12 June 12681282–13067 May 1306RacibórzAnna of Masovia
between 1289 and 1290
three children
Sons of Ladislaus I, ruled jointly until 1290, when Mieszko founded his own duchy, Cieszyn.
Mieszko I[9]1252/61282–131527 June 1315CieszynUnknown
between 1275 and 1280
three children
Bolko [Boleslaus] I[10]before 21 October 12581282–131314 May 1313OpoleGrimislava?
before 1286

Agnes
c.1280
three children
Sons of Ladislaus I, ruled jointly. In 1284, they divided the land: Boleslaus retained Opole and Casimir received Bytom, as its first duke.
Casimir[11]1253/71282–131210 March 1312Bytom
(in Opole until 1284)
Helena
between 1275 and 1278
six children
Regencies of Bolko I the Strict (1296–1301), Heinrich of Würben (1301–02) and Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (1302–05) Children of Henry V, under regency until 1305. Freed from regency at fourteen, Boleslaus ruled with his younger brothers, Henry and Ladislaus, until 1311, when they divided the land. He received Legnica, together with Ladislaus. After a year of co-rulership, Boleslaus expelled Ladislaus and excluded him from government. Becoming sole ruler, he created, in 1312, the Duchy of Brzeg, which ruled until his death, Abdicating of Legnica for his son in 1342. Henry received Wrocław, but, in 1327 having no male heirs, signed a contract of inheritance with King John of Bohemia and upon his death the Duchy of Wrocław fell to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Boleslaus III the Generous 23 September 1291 1296–1342 21 April 1352 Legnica Margaret of Bohemia
1318
three children

Katharina of Croatia
1326
no children
1312–1352Brzeg
Ladislaus I6 June 12961296–1312after 13 January 1352LegnicaAnna of Masovia
1325
(annulled 1329)
no children
Henry VI the Good[12]18 March 12941296–133524 November 1335Wrocław
(in Legnica until 1311)
Anna of Austria
1310
three children
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Leszek12921306–13361336RacibórzAgnes of Głogów-Żagań
1332
no children
Son of Przemysław I. After his death in 1336, Raciborz was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1306–1521)
Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg12761309–131826 April 1318GłogówHenry III
March 1291
nine children
Widow of Henry III.
Henry IV the Faithful[13]12921309–134222 January 1342Żagań
(in Głogów 1318–21)
Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
5 January 1310
four children
Sons of Henry III, inherited, together, Żagań. In 1312, Conrad and Boleslaus created their own duchy with its capital in Oleśnica, becoming the first dukes of Oleśnica. The death of Boleslaus left Conrad as sole ruler of his duchy. Henry and Premislaus continued the joint rule. They reunited again, and as their father did, the two duchies of the paternal inheritance after the death of their mother. In 1321 the two brothers made new partitions. From 1321, Henry ruled Żagań and Premislaus ruled Głogów. After the childless death of Premislaus, his duchy was briefly annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Przemko II[14]13051318–133111 January 1331Głogów
(in Żagań 1309–21)
Constance of Świdnica
1326
no children
John12981318–136519 May 1365Głogów
(in Żagań 1309–18; in Ścinawa since 1318)
Constance of Świdnica
1326
no children
Conrad I[15]12941312–136622 December 1366Oleśnica
(in Żagań 1309–12)
Elisabeth of Wroclaw
10 January 1322
no children

Euphemia of Bytom
2 March 1333
two children
Boleslaus12951312–1321before 23 April 1321Oleśnica
(in Żagań 1309–12)
Unmarried
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1331–1337) and to the Jawor portion of Świdnica-Jawor (1337–1346); New annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1346–1349/60)
In 1349 Henry V of Iron (son of Henry the Fatithful) recovered half of the inheritance of his uncle Przemko in Głogów from Bohemia; the other half was given to Przemko II's widow, Constance, in 1360.
Regency of Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (1301–1305) Henry and Bernard ruled together until 1312, then divided the land between them. Henry kept also Głogów, which he recovered from Bohemia. However, Głogów returns to Bohemian control after Henry's death.
Bernard II the Stable12911301–13266 May 1326Świdnica-Jawor(in Świdnica since 1312)Kunigunde of Poland
1310
five children
Henry I[16]1292/61301–1346before 15 May 1346Świdnica-Jawor(in Jawor since 1312)Agnes of Bohemia
1316
no children
Siemowit12921312–1316after 1 July 1342BytomUnmarriedSon of Casimir. Deposed in 1316.
Bolko [Boleslaus] II[10]before 13001313–135621 June 1356OpoleElisabeth of Świdnica
6 May 1326
seven children
Sons of Bolko I, ruled jointly.
Albertafter 13001313–132325 September 1373OpoleAgnes of Magdeburg
1347
one child
Casimir I[17]1280/901315–135829 September 1358CieszynEuphemia of Czersk-Warsaw
1321
nine children
Ladislaus I[18]1275/801315–132415 May 1324OświęcimEuphrosyne of Masovia
c. 1304
two children
First Duke of Oświęcim, which emerged from Cieszyn.
Ladislaus I[18]1277/831316–13528 September 1352BytomBeatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
21 September 1308
two children

Ludgarda of Mecklenburg
6 October 1328
six children
Brother of Siemowit. Ruled jointly with his brother George until 1327.
George I13001316–13271327BytomUnmarriedRuled jointly with his brother Ladislaus.
Bolko II[19]1 February 13001322–134111 June 1341ZiębiceBonne of Savoy-Vaud
21 November 1321
two children
First duke of Ziębice. Son of Bolko the Strict.
Regency of Euphrosyne of Masovia (1324–1325)
John I the Scholastic1308/101324–137229 September 1372OświęcimUnknown
one child

Salome Reuss von Plauen
after 12 July 1359
three children
Nicholas I the Small13271341–135823 April 1358ZiębiceAgnes Krusina zu Lichtemburka
23 October 1343
six children
Henry V of Iron[20]13191342–1369After
8 April 1369
Żagań
(with Half A of Głogów from 1349)
Anna of Płock
6 September 1337
five children
Son of Henry IV the Faithful. In 1349 Half A of Głogów reemerges from Bohemia to be annexed by Żagań line of the Piasts.
Katharina of Croatia?1352–1358before 5 March 1358BrzegBoleslaus III the Generous
1326
no children
Widow. After her death the duchy was divided between Louis the Fair (her stepson) and Bolko the Small from Swidnica-Jawor.
Boleslaus I[21]13301352–13554 October 1355Bytom 14 February 1347
three children
Son of Ladislaus IV. After his death his widow inherited the duchy. In 1357 the duchy was divided in two parts, being one annexed by the Duchy of Oleśnica, and the other annexed by the Duchy of Cieszyn.
Margareta of Sternberg?1355–1357after 5 June 1365Bytom
Definitive annexation to the duchies of Oleśnica and Cieszyn
Ladislaus II[22]13321356–139618 May 1401OpoleElisabeth of Wallachia
c. 1355
three children

Euphemia of Masovia
1369
two children
Sons of Bolko II, ruled jointly.
Henry[23]before 18 August 13381356–1365before 23 October 1365OpoleUnmarried
Bolko III[24]13371356–137021 October 1382OpoleAnna of Oświęcim
c. 1355
five children
Bolko III[24]13481358–141013 June 1410ZiębiceEuphemia of Bytom
1369
eight children
Sons of Nicholas I, ruled jointly.
Henry I[25]13501358–1366after 8 August 1366ZiębiceUnmarried
Constance of Świdnica13131360–136121 November 1363Głogów
(Half B)
Przemko II
1326
no children
In 1360 Half B of Głogów reemerges from Bohemia to be given to Constance, widow of Przemko II. She renounces the title in favour of her brother Bolko II the Small.
Bolko II the Small[26]13121326–136828 July 1368Świdnica-Jawor
(in Świdnica until 1346; in Half A of Brzeg since 1358, and Half B of Głogów since 1361)
Agnes of Austria
1 June 1338
no children
Sons of Bernard II, ruled jointly until Henry's death in 1343. In 1346, after his uncle Henry I's death with no male heirs, he reunites Świdnica-Jawor in one duchy. Bolko also bought half of Brzeg in 1358. Brother of Constance, widow duchess of Głogów, inherited part of the duchy from her. After his death in 1368, the half of Głogów returned the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the half of Brzeg to Louis the Fair.
Henry II13161334–134328 June 1345ŚwidnicaKatharina of Hungary
1 June 1338
one child
Annexation of Half B to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1368–1384)
Reintegration of Half A in Brzeg
Wenceslaus I13181342–13642 June 1364LegnicaAnna of Cieszyn
c.1338
five children
Sons of Boleslaus IV, ruled jointly until 1346, when Louis created his own duchy, Lubin, which he ruled until his death. In 1358 inherited half of Brzeg from his stepmother Katharina. Reunited Brzeg after the death of the owner of the other part, Bolko the Small (1368).
Louis I the Fair 1321 1348–1398 6–23 December 1398 Lubin
(in Legnica 1342–1346)
Agnes of Głogów-Żagań
1341
six children
1358–1398Brzeg
(in Half B until 1368)
Henry VII the Courageous[27] 1343/51361–139911 July 1399Brzeg
(in Half B until 1368; with Lubin since 1398)
Helena of Orlamunde
1369
one child

Margaret of Masovia
July 1379
one child
Duke of Brzeg jointly with his father Louis I, inherited Lubin from him.
Rupert I27 March 13471364–1409before 12 January 1409LegnicaHedwig of Zagan
10 February 1372
two children
Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly.
Wenceslaus II13481364–141330 December 1419LegnicaUnmarried
Boleslaus IV13491364–13943/4 March 1394LegnicaUnmarried
Henry VIII[28]13551364–139812 December 1398LegnicaUnmarried
Conrad II the Gray[29]13401366–140310 June 1403OleśnicaAgnes of Cieszyn
23 February 1354
one child
Son of Conrad I.
Agnes of Austria13221368–13922 February 1392Świdnica-JaworBolko II the Small
1 June 1338
no children
Widow, succeeded her husband according to his will. After her death the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Henry VI the Elder[30]before 13451369–13935 December 1393Żagań
(in Głogów Half A until 1378)
Hedwig of Legnica
10 February 1372
no children
Sons of Henry V, ruled jointly until 1378. In that year, they made partitions: Henry VI retained Żagań and Henry VII the half of Głogów. Henry VIII received a few towns, but he eventually succeeded his heirless brother Henry VII in 1395.
Henry VII Rumpold[31]13501369–139524 December 1395Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań until 1378)
Unmarried
Henry VIII the Sparrow[32]13571369–1378

1395–1397
14 March 1397Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań until 1378)
Catherine of Opole
1382
five children
John II1344/511372–137619 February 1376OświęcimHedwig of Brieg
1366
three children
Son of John I.
John III13661376–140519 August 1405OświęcimHedwig of Lithuania
1394
no children
Son of John II. Left no descendants. The duchy went to a son of Premislaus IV.
Premislaus I Noszak 1332/61358–1410 23 May 1410Cieszyn Elisabeth of Bytom
1360
three children
Upper Duke of Cieszyn, in 1284 recovered part of the Lower Silesian duchy of Głogów from Bohemia. Abdicated of Głogów for his son, Premislaus, in 1404, but recovered it in 1406.
1384–1404

1406–1410
Głogów
(Half B)
Premislaus The Younger[33] 1362 1404–1406 1 January 1406 Głogów
(Half B)
Unknown
one child
Received, in his father's lifetime, the duchy of Głogów. In the next year also inherited Oświęcim from John III. Preceded his father in death, but left descendants to rule in Oświęcim, while Głogów returned to his father.
1405–1406Oświęcim
Hedwig of Legnica13511393–14031 August 1409ŻagańHenry VI the Elder
10 February 1372
no children
Widow of Henry VI.
Bolko IV[34]1363/71396–14376 May 1437OpoleMargaret of Gorizia
1398
five children
Sons of Bolko III, ruled jointly. In 1422, Bolko V, Bolko IV's son, joined the co-rulership, but abdicated two years after, to rule Niemodlin and Strzelce, vassal towns of Opole.
Bishop Jan Kropidło1360/41396–14213 March 1421OpoleUnmarried
Bernard I[35]1374/81396–14002/4 April 1455OpoleHedwig of Melsztyna
two children
Bolko V the Hussite[34]c.14001422–142429 May 1460OpoleElisabeth Granowski
c. 1418
one child
Catherine of Opole16 March 13671397–14206 June 1420Głogów
(Half A)
(in Prudnik, Kożuchów and Zielona Góra)
Henry VIII the Sparrow
1382
five children
Ruled in her dowry lands, which reverted to her sons after her death.
John I[36]13851403–143912 April 1439Żagań
(in Głogów Half A 1397–1412)
Scholastika of Saxe-Wittenberg
c.1405
ten children
Sons of Henry VIII, ruled jointly in the half of Głogów, inherited from their uncle Henry VIII. In 1403 inherited Żagań from their mother Hedwig. In 1412 divided the land between them. After the partition, John ruled alone in Żagań, and the other brothers continued the joint rule in Głogów. With the abdication of Wenceslaus and the death of Henry X, Henry IX became sole ruler from 1423. In 1446 he inherited Lubin.
Henry IX the Elder[37]13871397–146711 November 1467 Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań 1403–1412)
Hedwig of Oleśnica
c. 1432
six children
Henry X Rumpold[38]13901397–142318 January 1423Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań 1403–1412)
Unmarried
Wenceslaus I[39]13911397–1417before 4 February 1431Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań 1403–1412)
Unmarried
Henry IX[37] 13691399–1420 10 July 1420Lubin Anna of Cieszyn
20 September 1396
six children
Reunited for a brief period the regional duchy of Lubin and Brzeg under his rule. In 1400 divided the inherited land with his brother Louis, who received Brzeg. However Henry also retained a part of this duchy, called Oława.
1399–1420Brzeg
(only in Oława from 1400)
Louis II 1380/5 1400–1436 30 May 1436 Brzeg Hedwig Zapólya
before 14 August 1409
no children

Elisabeth of Brandenburg
9 April 1418
Konstanz
no children
Received Brzeg, and reunited it with Legnica in 1413. However, died without descendants. His lands were inherited by his widow.
1413–1436Legnica
Conrad III the Old13591403–141228 December 1412OleśnicaJudith (?)
c.1380
seven children
Son of Conrad IV.
Casimir I[40]13961406–14347 April 1434OświęcimAnna of Zagan
before 28 May 1417
three children

Margareta of Racibórz
1433
no children
Son of Premislaus V.
Boleslaus I13631410–14316 May 1431Cieszyn
(with Głogów Half B)
Margareta of Opava-Raciborz
1 January 1406
no children

Euphemia of Masovia
20 November 1412
five children
John I13581410–142827 August 1428ZiębiceElizabeth Lackfi
19 March 1408
one child
Sons of Bolko III, ruled jointly. From 1420 ruled alone. After his death the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia, and later mortgaged it to Půta III of Častolovice during 1429–1435.
Henry II13961410–142011 March 1420ZiębiceUnmarried
Conrad IV the Elder13841412–14169 August 1447OleśnicaUnmarried Sons of Conrad III, ruled jointly.
Conrad V Kantner13851412–143910 September 1439OleśnicaMargaret (?)
9 October 1411
five children
Conrad VI the Dean13911416–14273 September 1427OleśnicaUnmarried
Conrad VII the Whiteafter 13961416–1427

1439–1450
14 February 1452OleśnicaKatharina (?)
2 February 1437
no children

Dorothea of Warsaw?
7 March 1450
no children
Conrad VIII the Youngerafter 13971416–14445 September 1444Oleśnica
(only in Ścinawa since 1427)
Unmarried
Wenceslaus III14001420–142314 January/28 May 1423Brzeg
(at Oława)
Unmarried Children of Henry IX, divided their possessions. Wenceslaus kept Olawa (in Brzeg) and Rupert and Louis ruled in Lubin. Louis reunited his father's possessions. After his death his lands were divided between his sons and his widow.
Rupert II1396/14021420–143124 August 1431LubinUnmarried
Louis III before 14051420–1441 before 18 June 1441Lubin Margareta of Opole
c.1423
two children
1423–1441Brzeg
(at Oława)
Wenceslaus I[41]14181434–1468c.28 July 1368Zator
(in Oświęcim until 1445)
Maria Kopczowski
c. 1450
seven children
Sons of Casimir I, ruled jointly. In 1445 Wenceslaus created for himself the duchy of Zator. Premislaus abdicated from power, and John became sole ruler over Oświęcim, which was annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1457.
Premislaus14251434–1445December 1484OświęcimMargareta of Opole
23 February 1463
one child
John IV1426/301434–1457c.21 February 1497OświęcimKatharina
30 December 1465
no children

Barbara of Karniów
c. 1475
one child
Definitive annexation to the Kingdom of Poland
Ziębice was recovered to the Piasts
Euphemia13851435–144217 November 1447ZiębiceFrederick III of Oettingen
1397
nine children
Daughter of Bolko III. In 1435 she bought the Duchy to the Emperor and Častolovice's heiresses. In 1442 it was sold to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Elisabeth of Brandenburg 29 September 14031436–1449 31 October 1449Legnica Louis II
9 April 1418
Konstanz
no children

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn
17 February 1439
(annulled 1445)
no children
Widow of Louis II. In 1443 is forced to give Brzeg to John I and Henry X of Lubin. After her death in 1449, Legnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
1436–1443Brzeg
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1449–1454)
Margareta of Opole1412/41441–145415 January 1454Brzeg
(at Oława)
Louis III
c. 1423
two children
Widow of Louis III.
Olawa annexed to Legnica
John I 14251441–1446 after 21 November 1453Lubin Hedwig of Brzeg
February 1445
one child
Sons of Louis III, ruled jointly. In 1443 they inherit Brzeg from Elisabeth of Brandenburg. In 1446, due to the difficult financial situation, Lubin was sold to the Duchy of Głogów. In 1450 Brzeg is sold to Opole.
1443–1450Brzeg
Henry X[42] 14261441–1446 before 28 May 1452Lubin Unmarried
1443–1450Brzeg
Lubin was bought by Henry IX the Elder, duke of Głogów
Brzeg was bought by duke Nicholas I of Opole
Regency of Euphemia of Masovia (1431–1442) After the partition following the end of the regency of their mother, Ladislaus retained Głogów and Wenceslaus and Premislaus Cieszyn. Boleslaus received only a few towns in Cieszyn (Bielsko and Frysztat). After Ladislaus' death, Premislaus retained co-rulership Cieszyn and Głogów, with his widowed sister-in-law. From 1468 ruled over all Cieszyn.
Ladislaus I[43]14201431–146014 February 1460 Głogów
(Half B)
(in Cieszyn until 1442)
Margareta of Celje
December 1444
no children
Wenceslaus I[44]1413/8 1431–14681474CieszynElisabeth of Brandenburg
17 February 1439
(annulled 1445)
no children
Premislaus II 1422/51431–1442

1468–1477
18 March 1477Cieszyn Anna of Warsaw
c.1465
one child
1460–1477Głogów
(Half B)
Boleslaus II1425/81431–14524 October 1452CieszynAnna of Bielsk
28 January 1448
three children
Nicholas I[45]14241437–14763 July 1476Opole
(with Brzeg since 1450)
Magdalena of Brieg
February 1442
ten children
Children of Bolko IV, ruled jointly. After John's death in 1439, Nicholas ruled alone. In 1450 he bought Brzeg.
John I[46]1410/31437–14395 September 1439OpoleUnmarried
Conrad IX the Black14151450–147114 August 1471OleśnicaMargareta of Rawa
1453
one child
Son of Conrad VII.
Henry XI[47]14351467–147622 February 1476Głogów
(Half A)
Barbara of Brandenburg
11 October 1472
Berlin
no children
Son of Henry IX.
Margareta of Celje14111477–148022 July 1480Głogów
(Half B)
Herman I of Montfort-Pfannberg-Bregenz
15 March 1430
four children

Ladislaus I
December 1444
no children
Widow of Ladislaus I, ruled with her brother-in-law Premislaus II since 1460. From 1477 ruled alone.
Balthasar14151439–1461

1468–1472
15 July 1472ŻagańAgnes
before 1460
one child

Barbara of Cieszyn
11 September 1469
no children
Sons of John I, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus and John abdicated in 1449, and Balthasar ruled alone, but John came in 1461 and dethroned Balthasar. However the latter dethroned the usurper and ruled again. John put aside his brother in 1472 and ruled once again, but, in that year his duchy was annexed to Saxony. In 1476, John II inherits part of Glogow from his cousin Henry XI, and in 1480 reunites both parts of this duhcy. In 1482 lost Lubin for Legnica. In 1488 Głogów is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Rudolph14181439–145418 September 1454ŻagańUnmarried
Wenceslaus[48]14341439–144929 April 1488ŻagańUnmarried
John II the Mad 16 April 14351439–1449

1461–1468

1472
22 September 1504Żagań Katharina of Opava
c.1462
five children
1476/1480–1482Głogów
(both halves reunited 1480)
Annexation to the Duchy of Saxony
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland
Lubin, since 1446 part of Głogów, reverted to Legnica
Casimir II14501468–14908 January/7 July 1490ZatorMargaret of Karniów
c. 12 August 1482
one child
Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly. In 1490 John became sole ruler. In 1513 the Duchy is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Ladislaus14551468–148228 May or 21 September 1494ZatorAnna
before 1488
one child
Wenceslaus II[49]1450/551468–1487before 5 October 1487Zator Unmarried
John V[50]before 14551468–151317 September 1513Zator
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland
Margareta of Rawa14411471–14751 September 1485OleśnicaConrad IX the Black
1453
one child
Widow of Conrad IX.
Regency of Conrad X, Duke of Oleśnica (1475–78) Daughter of Conrad IX. Deposed in 1478 by her regent and died in the next year.
Barbara14651475–147830 November 1479OleśnicaUnmarried
Nicholas II14621476–149727 June 1497Opole
(with Brzeg until 1481)
Unmarried Sons of Nicholas II, ruled jointly. In 1481 they sold Brzeg to Frederick I of Legnica. From 1497 John ruled alone. In 1521 purchased Racibórz from Bohemia, and restored the Duchy of Opole-Racibórz. However, as he left no descendants the duchy reverted to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
John II the Good[51] 14601476–1521 27 March 1532Opole
(with Brzeg until 1481)
Unmarried
1521–1532Opole-Racibórz
Annexation to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Brzeg returned to Legnica
Casimir II14491477–152813 December 1528CieszynJohanna of Opava
6 October 1328
six children
Father and son, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus predeceased his father and never came to rule alone.
Wenceslaus II[52]1488/961518–152417 November 1524CieszynAnna of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1 December 1518
three children
Conrad X the White14201450–1452

1478–1492
21 September 1492OleśnicaDorothea Reynkenberg
before 1492
(morganatic)
no children
Adicated of co-rulership with his brother Conrad IX in 1452, but in 1478 expelled his niece and ruled alone. In 1492 Oleśnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Frederick I 3 May 14461454–1488 9 May 1488Legnica
(with Oława)
5 September 1474
three children
Legnica became independent from Bohemia in 1454. In the same year inherited Brzeg-Olawa from his mother Margareta of Opole. In 1481 Frederick I of Legnica purchased Brzeg from Opole, and recovered Lubin in 1482, from John the Mad.
1481/2–1488Lubin
1481/2–1488Brzeg
(reunited with Oława)
Ludmila of Poděbrady16 October 14461488–150320 January 1503BrzegWidow of Frederick I. Received Brzeg as her dower, but also served as regent for her sons in Legnica.
Regency of Ludmila of Poděbrady (1488–95) Ruled jointly until the end of regency. John didn't reach adulthood. In 1503, after their mother's death, George inherited Brzeg from their mother, and Frederick became sole ruler of Legnica, which, after the childless death of George in 1521, was reunited with Brzeg.
John II14771488–14956 March 1495LegnicaUnmarried
George I[53] 1481/31488–152130 May 1521Brzeg
(with Lubin; in Legnica until 1505)
Anna of Pomerania
9 June 1516
no children
Frederick II the Great 12 February 1480 1488–1547 17 September 1547 Legnica Elisabeth of Poland-Lithuania
21 November 1515
one child

Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach
14 November 1519
three children
1503–1505

1521–1547
Brzeg
Anna of Pomerania14921521–155025 April 1550LubinGeorge I
9 July 1516
no children
Inherited Lubin from her husband. As she didn't have children, the land passed, at her death, permanently to Legnica.
Annexation to Legnica
Regencies of Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1528–1539) and John III of Pernstein (1528–1545)
Wenceslaus III AdamDecember 15241528–15794 November 1579CieszynMaria of Pernstein
8 February 1540
three children

Sidonia Katharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
25 November 1567
Cieszyn
six children
Frederick CasimirDecember 1541/January 15421560–15714 May 1571CieszynKatharina of Legnica
28 December 1563
Legnica
one child
Son of Wenceslaus, co-ruled with him from 1560 but preceded his father in death.
Frederick III22 February 15201547–155915 December 1570Legnica (with Lubin)Catherine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3 March 1538
Legnica
six children
Children of Frederick II, divided the land: Frederick III kept Legnica (and absorbed Lubin in 1550), and George II inherited Brzeg.
George II the Pious18 July 15231547–15867 May 1586BrzegBarbara of Brandenburg
15 February 1545
Berlin
seven children
Jointly with his brother Frederick II.
Henry XI[47]23 February 15391559–15813 March 1588LegnicaSophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach
11 November 1560
Legnica
six children
Catherine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin14 April 15181570–158117 November 1581Legnica (at Chojnów)Frederick III
3 March 1538
Legnica
six children
Widow of Frederick III.
Regency of Sidonia Katharina of Saxe-Lauenburg (1579–1594)
Adam Wenceslaus12 December 15741579–161713 July 1617CieszynElisabeth of Courland
17 September 1595
five children
Frederick IV20 April 15521581–159627 March 1596LegnicaMaria Sidonia of Cieszyn
20 January 1587
no children

Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
23 November 1589
no children

Anna of Württemberg
24 October 1594
no children
Barbara of Brandenburg10 August 15271586–15952 January 1595BrzegGeorge II
15 February 1545
Berlin
seven children
Widow, ruled in Brzeg.
John George17 June 15521586–15926 July 1592Brzeg
(at Oława)
Anna of Württemberg
16 September 1582
Brzeg
no children
Anna of Württemberg17 June 15521592–15947 July 1616Brzeg
(at Oława)
John George
16 September 1582
Brzeg
no children

Frederick IV
24 October 1594
no children
She married twice, so in 1594 she was stripped from her duchy.
Joachim Frederick 29 September 15501586–1592

1594–1602
25 March 1602Brzeg
(at Oława; in the entire Brzeg since 1595)
19 May 1577
Brzeg
six children
Initially co-ruler with his brother, John George, after his death the duchy went to his widow, which was stripped from her when she married again. He reunited Brzeg, and then reunited it with Legnica in 1596.
1596–1602Legnica
Anna Maria of Anhalt29 September 15501602–160514 November 1605Brzeg
(at Oława)
Received Olawa after her husband's death. She also served as regent for her children in the other possessions of her husband. She did not do it by herself. She had co-rulership on her regency. After her death the regency was taken by the sister of Joachim Frederick, Elisabeth Magdalena, and her husband, who ruled until the brothers came of age, in 1609.
Regencies of Anna Maria of Anhalt (1602–05), Elisabeth Magdalena of Brzeg and Charles II of Poděbrady (1602–09) Sons of Joachim Frederick, ruled jointly until 1612. In that year they made partitions. George Rudolf received Legnica and John Christian Brzeg. George left no descendants, and was succeeded by his nephews.
George Rudolf12 January 15951602–165314 January 1653Legnica
(in Brzeg until 1612)
Sophia Elisabeth of Anhalt-Dessau
4 November 1614
Dessau
no children

Elisabeth Magdalena of Munsterberg
5 December 1624
no children
John Christian28 August 15911602–163325 December 1639Brzeg
(in Legnica until 1612)
Dorothea Sibylle of Brandenburg
12 December 1610
Berlin
thirteen children

Anna Hedwig Sitzsch
(morganatic)
13 September 1626
Brzeg
seven children
Regency of Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw (1617–24)
Frederick William9 November 16011617–162519 August 1625CieszynUnmarried
Elizabeth Lucretia1 June 15991625–165319 May 1653CieszynGundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein
23 April 1618
no children
After her death, Cieszyn was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Definitive annexation to the Holy Roman Empire
Louis IV19 April 16161653–166324 November 1653LegnicaAnna Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
8 May 1649
Brzeg
one child
Sons of John Christian, ruled jointly in Legnica. George was already duke of Brzeg since his father's death. As George didn't have no descendants he was succeeded in his domains by his brother Christian. The latter, after his own death, left Oława for his widow, and the remaining lands were inherited by his own son.
George III 4 September 16111633–1664 4 July 1664Brzeg Sophia Katharina of Munsterberg
23 February 1638
Bernstadt
one child

Elisabeth Marie Charlotte of Palatinate-Simmern-Kaiserslautern
19 October 1660
Brzeg
no children
1653–1654

1663–1664
Legnica
Christian 9 April 1618 1653–1654

1663–1672
28 February 1672Legnica Louise of Anhalt-Dessau
24 November 1648
Dessau
four children
1664–1672Brzeg
Regency of Louise of Anhalt-Dessau (1672–1675) Last male representative of the House of Piast. Died without descendants.
George William29 September 16601672–167521 November 1675Legnica and BrzegUnmarried
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire
Louise of Anhalt-Dessau10 February 16311672–168025 April 1680Brzeg
(at Oława)
Christian
24 November 1648
Dessau
four children
Regional duchess in Brzeg, widow of Christian. After her death the Duchy was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire

Partitions of Bohemian Silesia under Přemyslid dynasty

       Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

       Piast Ráciborz
(1282-1336)
      
Opava
(1269-1456)
(brief annexation to
Piast Legnica in 1308-11;
also in Ziębice 1443-56)
      
Ráciborz
(1378-1521)
Krnov
(1424-1493)
(brief annexation to
Hungary in 1474-90)
Glubczyce
(1433-1485)
      
Pledged to
Opole and
annexed to
Bohemia
Annexed to
Bohemia
Annexed to
Bohemia
Annexed to
Opole

Table of rulers

Notes:
  • The numbering of the Silesian Premyslid rulers is a problematic matter between scholars, as different sources numbers and orders them differently.
RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Nicholas I12551269-131825 July 1318OpavaAdelaide of Habsburg
(d.1313)
1283
three children
Natural son of Premysl Ottokar II of Bohemia and Agnes of Kuenring, inherited from his father the Silesian duchy of Opava.
Nicholas II12881318-13658 December 1365OpavaAnna of Racibórz
1318
six children

Hedwig of Olesnica
(d.1359)
May 1342
one child

Jutta of Opole
(d.aft.1378)
1360
three children
John I12881365-13828 December 1365Racibórz
(in Opava until 1377)
Anna of Głogów-Żagań
(d.1369)
1361
three children
Children of Nicholas II, divided the land; After Nicholas III's death, Glubczyce returned to Opava.
Nicholas III13391365-13949 July 1394Opava
(at Glubczyce;
in Opava until 1377)
Unmarried
Premislaus I12881365-14338 December 1365OpavaAnna of Lutz
(d.1405)
1395
three children

Catherine of Ziebice
(d.23 May 1422)
c.1405
three children

Elena of Bosnia
1425
three cildren
Wenceslaus I13611365-13811381OpavaUnmarried
John II of Ironc.13651382-14241424RacibórzHelena of Lithuania
(d.c.1450)
16 January 1407
three children
Children of John I, divided the land. John kept the main Ráciborz and Krnov, and Nicholas was given Bruntál. John lost Krnov in 1388, but recovered it in 1422.
Nicholas IVc.13701382-14061406Racibórz
(at Bruntál)
Unmarried
Wenceslaus II14051424-145629 October 1456RacibórzMargaret of Szamotuły
(d.5 November 1464)
1437
four children
Children of John II, divided the land.
Nicholas V14091424-145222 December 1452RacibórzMargaret Clemm of Ellguth
three children

Barbara Rockemberg
1451
Kraków
two children
Wenceslaus II13971433-14451445Glubczyce
(in Opava until 1435)
Elisabeth of Kravař
1420
two children
Children of Premislaus I, divided the land. William and Ernest inherited the duchy of Ziebice in succession, alongside Opava, where they ruled together with their half- brother Nicholas IV (and possibly also Premislaus II). In 1452, after William's death, Ernest and his brothers associated William's sons as co-rulers. Wenceslaus II, another half-brother, inherited a part of Opava centered around Glubczyce. In 1464, the duchy of Opava was sold to Bohemia.
William 14101433-1452 15 August 1452Opava Salome of Častolovice
five children
1443-1452Ziębice
Ernest 14151433-1456 1464Opava Unmarried
1452-1456Ziębice
Nicholas IV14001433-14371437Opava
Premislaus II the Elderc.14251433-145616 June 1478Opava
Frederick1440 1452-14561470Opava
Wenceslaus III14451474Opava
Premislaus III the Younger145017 February 1493Opava
Pledge to Opole by debt; Debt transferred in 1464 to Bohemia: Annexation to Bohemia
John (III)14201445-14541454Glubczyce
(in Fulnek)
Unmarried Children of Wenceslaus II, divided the land, which was reunited shortly by John III.
John III the Pious14251445-14851485Glubczyce
(in Fulnek since 1454)
Catherine
(d.1485)
no children
Barbara Rockembergc.1410?1452-1462November 1463Krnov
(at Pszczyna)
Wilhelm Willandt
no children

Jerzy Orient
one child

Nicholas V
1451
Kraków
two children
Wife of Nicholas V, inherited the town of Pszczyna as widow seat, while ruling as regent in the rest of the duchy for her stepsons.
Regency of Barbara Rockemberg (1452-1462) Children of Nicholas V, divided the land. In 1474, John lost the duchy, which was then claimed by his sister.
John IV the Elder14401452-1474

1464-1483
1483Krnov

Krnov
(at Wodzisław Śląski)
Unmarried
Wenceslaus V14421452-14781478Krnov
(at Rybnik)
Unmarried
Annexation to Hungary (1474-1490)
Regency of Margaret of Szamotuły (1456-1464)
John V the Younger14461456-149314 April 1493RacibórzMagdalena of Opole
(c.1465-May 1501)
13 January 1478
Opole
four children
Barbara14451490-151027 April 1510KrnovJohn IV, Duke of Oświęcim
1475
one child
Claimed (and ruled, effectively) her family's duchy from 1490, co-ruling with her son-in-law since 1493[54]
Annexation to Bohemia
Regency of Magdalena of Opole (1493-1499) Children of John V, ruled jointly. In 1521, after the childless brothers' death, the duchy returned to Opole.
Nicholas VI14781493-15063 November 1506Racibórz Unmarried
John VI14841493-1506November/December 1506Racibórz
Valentin the Hunchback14851493-152113 November 1521Racibórz
Annexation to Opole

The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa

Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław

Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.

Prussian part secularised in 1810.

  • 1823–1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
  • 1835–1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
  • 1843–1844 Joseph Knauer
  • 1845–1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock

Theocracy abolished in 1850.

See also

List of Polish rulers
Piast dynasty
Dukes of Masovia
Dukes of Greater Poland
Dukes of Little Poland
Dukes of Cuiavia
Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca

References

  1. Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
  2. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Conrad I.
  3. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry IV the Faithful
  4. A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
  5. Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
  6. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Konrad II the Hunchback.
  7. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry V of Iron
  8. Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
  9. A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
  10. Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom between him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
  11. Albeit having co-ruled in Opole, and then started a line of it own, he was never styled II, after Casimir I of Opole.
  12. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry VI the Elder
  13. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
  14. Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
  15. As a starter of a new line of dukes, Conrad ignored his ancestors numberings and styled himself as I. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Głogów, Conrad I.
  16. A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
  17. Styled himself I, ignoring his ancestors' numberings of the united Opole-Racibórz.
  18. Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
  19. Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
  20. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Legnica-Wrocław, Henry V the Fat
  21. Styled I, as he is the first Upper Silesian Boleslaus.
  22. Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
  23. Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
  24. Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
  25. Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
  26. Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
  27. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zagan, Henry VII Rumpold
  28. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zagan, Henry VIII the Sparrow
  29. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zagan, Konrad II the Hunchback.
  30. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry VI the Good
  31. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII the Courageous
  32. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica, Henry VIII
  33. Possibly because he was Upper Silesian, he didn't recognize the numberings of his predecessors, Przemko I and Przemko II
  34. Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
  35. Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
  36. He was the first Lower Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion with the contemporary Upper Silesian duke of Opole, John I
  37. Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Elder of Zagan. Henry IX the Elder has also the same sobriquet as his father, Henry VI.
  38. Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X. Besides, Henry X's uncle, Henry VII, was also known as Rumpold
  39. He was the first Wenceslaus of Głogów-Żagań line
  40. Ignored the numbering of his ancestor, Casimir I of Opole, as he is usually styled I.
  41. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus I
  42. Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X Rumpold.
  43. He was the first duke of Głogów to bear this name, but as he was Upper Silesian, he ignored the numbering of his ancestor, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz.
  44. He was the first Upper Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zator, Wenceslaus I
  45. He was the first Upper Silesian duke to bear this name
  46. Avoid confusion with the contemporary Lower Silesian duke of Zagan, John I
  47. Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
  48. Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
  49. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus II
  50. John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
  51. As ruler of the reunited Opole-Racibórz, he did only consider his name bearers in this two duchies: the only one was Jan I of Opole.
  52. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zator, Wenceslaus II
  53. He was the first in Lower Silesia to bear this name.
  54. Helena Osvětimská, 2020-03-06

Bibliography

  • Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, p. 403–407
  • Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905–1909, Bd.: 17, p. 845–847

Sites

http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm

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