ELLA (programming language)

ELLA is a hardware description language and support toolset, developed in the United Kingdom by the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) during the 1980s and 1990s, which also developed the compiler for the programming language, ALGOL 68RS, used to write ELLA.

ELLA
Developer(s)Royal Signals and Radar Establishment
Initial release1986 (1986)
Written inALGOL 68RS
Operating systemVMS
PlatformICL 2900 Series, Multics, VAX
Available inEnglish
TypeHardware description language
Licensepublic domain (parts)

ELLA has tools to perform:

ELLA is a winner of the 1989 Queen's Award for Technological Achievement.

Sample

Sample originally from ftp://ftp.dra.hmg.gb/pub/ella%5B%5D, public release.

Code for matrix multiplication hardware design verification:

MAC ZIP = ([INT n]TYPE t: vector1 vector2) -> [n][2]t:
  [INT k = 1..n](vector1[k], vector2[k]).
     
MAC TRANSPOSE = ([INT n][INT m]TYPE t: matrix) -> [m][n]t:
  [INT i = 1..m] [INT j = 1..n] matrix[j][i].

MAC INNER_PRODUCT{FN * = [2]TYPE t -> TYPE s, FN + = [2]s -> s}
                 = ([INT n][2]t: vector) -> s:
  IF n = 1 THEN *vector[1]
  ELSE *vector[1] + INNER_PRODUCT {*,+} vector[2..n]
  FI.

MAC MATRIX_MULT {FN * = [2]TYPE t->TYPE s, FN + = [2]s->s} =
([INT n][INT m]t: matrix1, [m][INT p]t: matrix2) -> [n][p]s:
BEGIN
  LET transposed_matrix2 = TRANSPOSE matrix2.
OUTPUT [INT i = 1..n][INT j = 1..p]
       INNER_PRODUCT{*,+}ZIP(matrix1[i],transposed_matrix2[j])
END.

TYPE element = NEW elt/(1..20),
     product = NEW prd/(1..1200).

FN PLUS = (product: integer1 integer2) -> product:
  ARITH integer1 + integer2.

FN MULT = (element: integer1 integer2) -> product:
  ARITH integer1 * integer2.

FN MULT_234 = ([2][3]element:matrix1, [3][4]element:matrix2) ->
             [2][4]product:  
  MATRIX_MULT{MULT,PLUS}(matrix1, matrix2).

FN TEST = () -> [2][4]product:
( LET m1 = ((elt/2, elt/1, elt/1),
            (elt/3, elt/6, elt/9)), 
      m2 = ((elt/6, elt/1, elt/3, elt/4), 
            (elt/9, elt/2, elt/8, elt/3),
            (elt/6, elt/4, elt/1, elt/2)).
  OUTPUT
    MULT_234 (m1, m2)
).

COM test: just displaysignal MOC

References
  • Morison, J. D.; Clarke, A. S. (1 October 1993). Ella 2000: A Language for Electronic System Design. McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0077078218.
  • Barringer, H.; Gough, G.; Monahan, B.; Williams, A.; Arcus, M.; Armstrong, A.; Hill, M. (1995). A design and verification environment for ELLA. Design Automation Conference (DAC) 1995. Proceedings of ASP-DAC '95, CHDL '95, VLSI '95 with EDA Technofair. pp. 685–690. doi:10.1109/ASPDAC.1995.486387. ISBN 4-930813-67-0.
  • Morison, J. D.; Peeling, N. E.; Thorp, T. L.; Whiting, E. V. (1987). EASE: A Design Support Environment for the HDDL ELLA. Design Automation Conference (DAC) 1987. 24th Conference on Design Automation. pp. 741–749. doi:10.1145/37888.38006. ISBN 0-8186-0781-5.
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