Eastmain
Eastmain (Quebec French pronunciation: [iːstmẽɪ̯̃]; Cree: ᐄᔅᒣᐃᓐ/Îsmein) is a Cree community located on east coast of James Bay at the mouth of the Eastmain River, Quebec, Canada. It is a small coastal Cree village with a population of 924 people in the 2021 Canadian Census up from 866 people at the 2016 Canadian Census.[2] Its alternate Cree name is ᐙᐸᓅᑖᐤ/Wâpanûtâw, meaning Lands east of James Bay.
Eastmain
ᐄᔅᒣᐃᓐ (Îsmein) | |
|---|---|
Terre réservée crie (Cree reserved land) | |
 Wabannutao Eeyou School | |
  Eastmain Eastmain  Eastmain Eastmain (Canada) | |
| Coordinates: 52°15′N 78°30′W[1] | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Nord-du-Québec |
| Territory | Eeyou Istchee |
| Formed | 1978 |
| Government | |
| • Chief | Kenneth Cheezo |
| • Federal riding | Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou |
| • Provincial riding | Ungava |
| Area | |
| • Total | 160.43 km2 (61.94 sq mi) |
| • Land | 148.99 km2 (57.53 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 924[2] |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (Within the AST legislated time zone boundary but observes EST[4]) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (EDT) |
| Postal Code | J0M 1W0 |
| Area code(s) | 418 and 581 |
| Website | Eastmain.ca |
Eastmain is accessible by air (Eastmain River Airport) and by car over a gravel road linking it to the James Bay Road.
The Eastmain community was greatly affected by the James Bay Project, which in 1980 diverted 90% of the Eastmain River to the La Grande River.
History
Like the other coastal villages on Hudson and James Bay, Eastmain was settled around a Hudson's Bay Company trading post, which was originally called East Main House. Some Cree settled there for ease in trading.
Demographics
As of May 2022, the nation counted 943 members, of which 830 persons lived in the Community.[5] there were 223 private dwellings that are occupied by usual residents, out of a total of 280.[6] The mother tongue of the residents is:[7]
- English as first language: 11.0%
- French as first language: 1.2%
- Cree as first language: 86.1%
- Other indigenous languages: 1.6%
Population trend:[8]
- Population in 2001: 614
- Population in 2006: 650
- Population in 2011: 767
- Population in 2016: 866 (2011 to 2016 population change: 12.9%)
- Population in 2021: 924 (2016 to 2021 population change: 6.7%)
Climate
Eastmain has a subarctic climate (Dfc), typical of communities along the eastern shore of the James Bay. Summers are mild and rainy, with mild days and cool nights. Winters are cold with extremely heavy annual snowfall, averaging 261.3 cm (102.9 in).
| Climate data for La Grande Rivière Airport | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 1.8 | 4.8 | 11.1 | 21.8 | 33.9 | 37.5 | 44.3 | 35.5 | 31.6 | 28.3 | 11.7 | 7.6 | 44.3 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
32.6 (90.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
37.3 (99.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
37.3 (99.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −18.5 (−1.3) |
−15.9 (3.4) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −23.2 (−9.8) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
4.3 (39.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
8.1 (46.6) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−16.0 (3.2) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −28.0 (−18.4) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.6 (45.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −40.9 (−41.6) |
−44.6 (−48.3) |
−39.7 (−39.5) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−29.2 (−20.6) |
−40.3 (−40.5) |
−44.6 (−48.3) |
| Record low wind chill | −56 | −57 | −51 | −40 | −24 | −12 | −3 | −6 | −10 | −20 | −40 | −53 | −57 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30.9 (1.22) |
21.9 (0.86) |
29.4 (1.16) |
32.7 (1.29) |
39.0 (1.54) |
65.3 (2.57) |
78.5 (3.09) |
91.1 (3.59) |
110.6 (4.35) |
87.3 (3.44) |
67.9 (2.67) |
42.6 (1.68) |
697.2 (27.45) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.00) |
1.2 (0.05) |
3.4 (0.13) |
12.7 (0.50) |
27.9 (1.10) |
62.6 (2.46) |
78.5 (3.09) |
91.0 (3.58) |
106.9 (4.21) |
56.2 (2.21) |
11.6 (0.46) |
1.7 (0.07) |
453.8 (17.87) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 33.1 (13.0) |
23.0 (9.1) |
28.6 (11.3) |
21.0 (8.3) |
11.9 (4.7) |
2.6 (1.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
4.0 (1.6) |
32.4 (12.8) |
60.3 (23.7) |
44.4 (17.5) |
261.3 (102.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 16.3 | 12.5 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 14.1 | 16.2 | 20.2 | 20.6 | 22.0 | 19.7 | 188.9 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 11.6 | 14.0 | 16.3 | 19.5 | 12.7 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 92.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 16.4 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 8.5 | 5.7 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 11.8 | 20.5 | 19.6 | 109.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 06:00 / 15:00 LST) | 71.8 | 71.4 | 74.0 | 78.5 | 78.2 | 78.4 | 84.3 | 88.2 | 90.8 | 89.9 | 88.4 | 80.6 | 81.2 |
| Average afternoon relative humidity (%) (at 06:00 / 15:00 LST) | 73.1 | 68.3 | 60.3 | 57.9 | 53.1 | 50.3 | 54.7 | 59.6 | 68.9 | 75.8 | 83.5 | 80.3 | 65.5 |
| Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada | |||||||||||||
Economy
With a population nearing 1000, the main economic activities of the community are its services sectors. This would include a restaurant within a hotel, private businesses, and a construction company with a gas station and garage. Eastmain is also the headquarters for the Cree Regional Trappers Association, whose role is to support all local Cree Trappers by maintaining the practices of their traditional activities. Other services include its emergency service departments, local radio station, post office, local schools, government service sectors, sports and recreation complex, local development corporation, and local medical services.[9]
Education
The Cree School Board operates the Wabannutao Eeyou School (Cree: ᐧᐋᐸᓅᑖᐤ ᐄᔨᔫ ᒋᔅᑯᑕᒫᒉᐅᑲᒥᒄ).[10]
See also
References
- "Reference number 20121 in Banque de noms de lieux du Québec". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
- "Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Eastmain, Terres réservées aux Cris (TC) [Census subdivision], Quebec". 9 February 2022.
- "Geographic code 99810 in the official Répertoire des municipalités". www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation.
- National Research Council Canada – Time Zones & Daylight Saving Time Archived 17 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- "Indigenous communities in Quebec". 15 October 2021.
- "Tableau de profil, Profil du recensement, Recensement de la population de 2021". 9 February 2022.
- "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Eastmain, Terres réservées aux Cris [Census subdivision], Quebec and Quebec [Province]". 8 February 2017.
- "Tableau de profil, Profil du recensement, Recensement de la population de 2021". 9 February 2022.
- "Cree Nation of Eastmain".
- "Wabannutao Eeyou School Archived 2017-09-23 at the Wayback Machine." Cree School Board. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.