Emily Klein

Emily Klein was born in Los Angeles, California. Growing up, Klein was very interested in the field of medicine as she was always around her father who was a doctor. She worked at the office on Saturdays which led her to volunteer at the local hospital and the women's clinic.[1] She would also always take science courses in school and be involved in science projects, and summer science programs. She got so interested and involved in medical science that she thought she would become a medical doctor herself. When she moved to New York City to attend Barnard College, she however became more interested in English and writing. While she still enjoyed science and continued to take science courses, she now pursued her greater passion for writing, be that journalism, creative writing, amongst other things. She went on to become a feature editor for the newspaper, and finally got her major in English.

After graduating from Barnard College in 1979, she became a science writer for a while, but soon went on to take a job at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, as a physiology laboratory technician. Here she took part in multiple field research projects, where she did a bit of everything, from writing proposals, to doing laboratory work and experiments, to writing up and presenting research results. One of these studies entailed studying a monkey colony in Puerto Rico.[1] She became interested in geology, and earned tuition credits to study courses at Columbia University.[1] It was during this time as a researcher that she happened to stumble across a group of geologists, and consequently became really interested in the field. Although she had never taken any geology courses in her undergrad, her strong background in other sciences allowed her to easily transition into the field of geology. She started to take some geology courses at Columbia University where she worked at the time, and soon got accepted into the graduate program where she pursued a master's degree in geology. She went on to receive her doctorate degree here later. Her academic background and experience as a laboratory technician led her to become a geochemist.[2]

During her time at graduate school, while studying geochemistry she went on sea expeditions to study the oceanic crust and the new idea of plate tectonics. Since the idea of plate tectonics was so new to the field, she decided to pursue that as her main field of research. She also investigated the chemical composition of the volcanic rocks collected from mid-ocean ridges around the world.[3] She was awarded the Bruce C. Heezen Memorial Prize for her doctoral thesis in 1987.[4] During her time at Columbia University she worked with Charles Langmuir on the study of mid-ocean ridge basalts, and together they produced many papers which gave her name increasing recognition within the field of geology.[5] Langmuir and Klein demonstrated that the chemical composition of basalt correlates with the physical environment the basalt is recovered from; including the depth and thickness of the oceanic crust.[5] This work marked a paradigm shift in the understanding of petrogenesis.[5][6][7]

Klein has been involved in geology and geochemistry for over 40 years. Her research has been focused on oceanic crust, specifically completing deep sea research to track tectonic plate movement. She also found a fascination in analyzing volcanic activity and has researched the chemical processes of underwater volcanic activity. She is still active in her career today continuing to travel and complete sea excursions to gather research and data. Her most recent cruise included gathering data using “echo sounder” mapping technology. This technology uses sound beams to measure topographical structures on the ocean floor. Klein continues her research even when she is not on sea expeditions. A large portion of her discoveries occur in a chemistry lab. Most recently, she has been working on melting basalt rock (volcanic rock) as a way to theorize how ocean ridges change and evolve. This melting of basalt rock is an extensive process that requires chipping the rock into small pieces, then grinding it to a powder form, and finally heating it to 1200 degrees in order to find a melting point.[8] After graduating, she received a lot of offers and opportunities, but she decided to teach undergrad at Duke University instead with the hope of inspiring students to study earth sciences.[8]

Klein joined Duke University as an Assistant Professor in 1989.[4] She was made Professor in 2005.[4] Part of the reason for this decision was because she had gotten married and wanted to start a family. Now she really enjoys teaching undergrad, and particularly enjoys opening young student’s minds to new ideas and introducing them to the vast field of scientific exploration and research.This semester (2021) she is co-teaching (with a faculty colleague in engineering) a project course called: Energy and Environment: Design and Innovation. She is also extremely passionate about supporting women and underrepresented minorities in science. She has observed that many women drop out of sciences quite early on, so she tries to inspire them to stay and pursue a career in the field.[2] From 2004 to 2012, Klein served as Director of the Baldwin Scholars' Program at Duke University, which provides leadership opportunities for women students.[3] Klein was appointed Chair of Earth & Ocean Sciences at the Nicholas School in 2017.[9]

Klein studies the movement of magma in the oceanic crust.[10][11] She is interested in mid-ocean ridge, a globe encircling belt of volcanoes including the mid-Atlantic ridge.[12] Klein has been on over eleven oceanographic cruises, investigating Incipient Ridge, Hess Deep and Pito Deep Rift.[12] She uses remotely operated underwater vehicles to map the deep ocean, and directs submersible vessels to collect rock samples.[10] She puts these rocks in a furnace, then analyses the chemical composition of the rocks using spectrometers.[3] She is mainly interested in silica, iron, magnesium and aluminium, but also analyses trace elements such as copper, vanadium and uranium.[3] On a cruise of the RV Atlantis, Klein discovered new deep sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean.[13] The vents, which Klein named the medusa hydrothermal vents, emit hot springs of iron-darkened water.[13] In 2018 Klein took part in the RV Sally Ride (AGOR-28) investigation of the Cocos-Nazca spreading system.[14]