Epiphyllum

Epiphyllum (/ˌɛpɪˈfɪləm/;[2] "upon the leaf" in Greek) is a genus of epiphytic plants in the cactus family (Cactaceae), native to Central America and South America. Common names for these species include climbing cacti, orchid cacti and leaf cacti, though the latter also refers to the genus Pereskia.

Epiphyllum
Epiphyllum oxypetalum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Hylocereeae
Genus: Epiphyllum
Haw.
Type species
Epiphyllum phyllanthus
Species

See text.

Synonyms[1]

Description

The stems are broad and flat, 1–5 cm broad, 3–5 mm thick, usually with lobed edges. The flowers are large, 8–16 cm diameter, white through red, with numerous petals. Flowers bloom only at night, and wilt at dawn. The fruit is edible, very similar to the pitaya fruit from the closely related genus Hylocereus, though not so large, being only 3–4 cm long. The broad-leaved epiphyllum (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) is particularly well-known. It bears large, strongly fragrant flowers that each usually open for a single night only.

The plants known as epiphyllum hybrids, epiphyllums or just epis, which are widely grown for their flowers, are artificial hybrids of species within the tribe Hylocereeae, particularly species of Disocactus. In spite of the common name, the involvement of Epiphyllum species as parents of epiphyllum hybrids is unconfirmed.[3][4]

Extant species

As of May 2020, Plants of the World Online accepts 10 species:[1]

ImageScientific nameDistribution
Epiphyllum baueri DorschColombia, Panama
Epiphyllum cartagense (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & RoseCosta Rica, Panama
Epiphyllum chrysocardium AlexanderMexico
Epiphyllum grandilobum (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & RoseCosta Rica, Nicaragua, Panama
Epiphyllum hookeri Haw.Mexico, Central America, Venezuela; introduced to Florida
Epiphyllum laui KimnachMexico
Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico
Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw.Mexico to Venezuela then south to Argentina
Epiphyllum pumilum Britton & RoseGuatemala, Mexico
Epiphyllum thomasianum (K.Schum.) Britton & RoseCosta Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua

Formerly placed here

  • Disocactus crenatus (Lindl.) M.Á.Cruz & S.Arias (as Epiphyllum crenatum (Lindl.) G.Don)
  • Disocactus lepidocarpus (F.A.C.Weber) M.Á.Cruz & S.Arias (as Epiphyllum lepidocarpum (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose)
  • Disocactus phyllanthoides (DC.) Barthlott (as E. phyllanthoides (DC.) Sweet[5])

References

  1. "Epiphyllum Haw". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  2. Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  3. Van der Meer, M. H. J. (2018-12-31). "16 new nothogenera and 15 new combinations in Hylocereeae (Cactaceae)". Cactologia Phantastica. 1: 1–16.
  4. Worsley, A. (1907). "Hybrids among the Amarylliae and Cactaceae, with some notes on variation in the Gesneriaceae and the genus Senecio". In Wilks, W. (ed.). Report of the Third International Conference 1906 on Genetics. London: Spottiswoode & Co. p. 407.
  5. "GRIN Species Records of Epiphyllum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
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