Erdtmanithecales

Erdtmanithecales; Temporal range:
	Reconstruction of the Araripestrobus resinosus pollen cone, m = microsporophylls, scale bar = 50 mm
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Spermatophytes
Order:	†Erdtmanithecales; E.M.Friis et K.M.Pedersen, 1996
Families and genera
	See text

Erdtmanithecales is an extinct order of gymnosperm plants known from the Mesozoic era. Known remains include pollen organs and seeds associated with Eucommiidites pollen, which is considered diagnostic for the order. The order was first described in 1996.[1] While Eucommiidites pollen first appears in the Early Jurassic, associated floral remains are not found until the Early Cretaceous. It is thought that the group are closely related to Gnetales as well as possibly Bennettitales.[2]

Systematics

Order Erdtmanithecales Friis and Pedersen 1996
- family Erdtrnanithecaeae Friis and Pedersen 1996
  - Erdtmanitheca Pedersen, Crane & Friis, 1989[3] (pollen organ)
    - Erdtmanitheca portucalensis Mendes et al., 2010[4] (Aptian-Albian), Lusitanian Basin, Portugal
    - Erdtmanitheca texensis Pedersen, Crane & Friis, 1989 Woodbine Formation, Texas, USA, Cenomanian
  - Erdtmanispermum Pedersen, Crane & Friis, 1989[3] (seeds)
    - Erdtmanispermum juncalense Mendes et al., 2007[5] Berriasian, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal
    - Erdtmanispermum balticum Pedersen, Crane & Friis, 1989 Jydegard formation, Denmark, Berriasian-Valanginian
  - Eucommiitheca Friis and Pedersen 1996[1] (pollen organ)
    - Eucommiitheca hirsuta Friis and Pedersen 1996 Barremian-Aptian, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal
  - Bayeritheca Kvaček and Pacltová, 2001[6] (pollen organ)
    - Bayeritheca hugesii Peruc-Korycany Formation, Bohemia, Czech Republic, Cenomanian
- Incertae sedis
  - Araripestrobus Seyfullah, E.A.Roberts, A.R.Schmidt et L.Kunzmann, 2020[2] (pollen cones)
    - Araripestrobus resinosus Seyfullah, E.A.Roberts, A.R.Schmidt et L.Kunzmann, 2020, Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian

References

Friis, Else Marie; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard (January 1996). "Eucommiitheca hirsuta , a new pollen organ with Eucommiidites pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal". Grana. 35 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1080/00173139609429480. ISSN 0017-3134.
Seyfullah, Leyla J.; Roberts, Emily A.; Schmidt, Alexander R.; Ragazzi, Eugenio; Anderson, Ken B.; Rodrigues do Nascimento, Daniel; Ferreira da Silva Filho, Wellington; Kunzmann, Lutz (December 2020). "Revealing the diversity of amber source plants from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation, Brazil". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 107. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01651-2. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 7439571. PMID 32819273.
Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard; Crane, Peter R.; Friis, Else Marie (1989-12-01). "Pollen Organs and Seeds with Eucommiidites Pollen". Grana. 28 (4): 279–294. doi:10.1080/00173138909427441. ISSN 0017-3134.
Mendes, Mário Miguel; Pais, João; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard; Friis, Else Marie (2010-03-22). "Erdtmanitheca portucalensis , a new pollen organ from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) of Portugal with Eucommiidites -type pollen". Grana. 49 (1): 26–36. doi:10.1080/00173130903442826. ISSN 0017-3134. S2CID 83679556.
Mendes, Mário Miguel; Friis, Else Marie; Pais, João (March 2008). "Erdtmanispermum juncalense sp. nov., a new species of the extinct order Erdtmanithecales from the Early Cretaceous (probably Berriasian) of Portugal". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 149 (1–2): 50–56. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.10.005.
Kvaček, Jiřı́; Pacltová, Blanka (December 2001). "Bayeritheca hughesii gen. et sp. nov., a new Eucommiidites -bearing pollen organ from the Cenomanian of Bohemia". Cretaceous Research. 22 (6): 695–704. doi:10.1006/cres.2001.0285.

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[:0-1] Friis, Else Marie; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard (January 1996). "Eucommiitheca hirsuta , a new pollen organ with Eucommiidites pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal". Grana. 35 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1080/00173139609429480. ISSN 0017-3134.

[:1-2] Seyfullah, Leyla J.; Roberts, Emily A.; Schmidt, Alexander R.; Ragazzi, Eugenio; Anderson, Ken B.; Rodrigues do Nascimento, Daniel; Ferreira da Silva Filho, Wellington; Kunzmann, Lutz (December 2020). "Revealing the diversity of amber source plants from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation, Brazil". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 107. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01651-2. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 7439571. PMID 32819273.

[:2-3] Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard; Crane, Peter R.; Friis, Else Marie (1989-12-01). "Pollen Organs and Seeds with Eucommiidites Pollen". Grana. 28 (4): 279–294. doi:10.1080/00173138909427441. ISSN 0017-3134.

[4] Mendes, Mário Miguel; Pais, João; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard; Friis, Else Marie (2010-03-22). "Erdtmanitheca portucalensis , a new pollen organ from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) of Portugal with Eucommiidites -type pollen". Grana. 49 (1): 26–36. doi:10.1080/00173130903442826. ISSN 0017-3134. S2CID 83679556.

[5] Mendes, Mário Miguel; Friis, Else Marie; Pais, João (March 2008). "Erdtmanispermum juncalense sp. nov., a new species of the extinct order Erdtmanithecales from the Early Cretaceous (probably Berriasian) of Portugal". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 149 (1–2): 50–56. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.10.005.

[6] Kvaček, Jiřı́; Pacltová, Blanka (December 2001). "Bayeritheca hughesii gen. et sp. nov., a new Eucommiidites -bearing pollen organ from the Cenomanian of Bohemia". Cretaceous Research. 22 (6): 695–704. doi:10.1006/cres.2001.0285.