Established Programs Financing
The Established Programs Financing (EPF) (French: Financement des programmes établis) was a financing program created by the Trudeau government in 1977, to finance the provincially-run healthcare and high-education system, through transfer payments, by cash and tax points.[1][2]
| Transfer payments in Canada |
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| Current arrangements |
| Repealed arrangements |
The 1995 Canadian federal budget announced that both the Established Programs Financing and the Canada Assistance Plan would be combined into a new block-fund fiscal arrangement called the Canada Health and Social Transfer starting in 1996–97 fiscal year.[3]
History
The first agreement on Established Programs Financing was reached in 1977 and set to expired in 1987. It stipulated that increases in the program were tied to the growth in the national economy.[4]
The agreement was legislated through the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act, 1977[note 1] which received royal assent on 31 March 1977.[5][6]
The EPF was subjected to multiple rounds of cuts since the mid 1980s, under both Liberal and Progressive-Conservative governments. Starting on 1 April 1983, EPF growth was restricted to the lower of GDP growth[note 2] and a maximum escalator rate of 6%. That rate was further lowered to 5% starting on 1 April 1984.[7]
In the 1985 federal budget, Finance Minister Michael Wilson announced a plan to limit the rate of the growth of EPF to save $2 billion by fiscal year 1990–91.[6] The savings are achieved by modifying the escalation clause: for fiscal years 1986–87 through 1989–90 the maximum escalator rate is repealed but the escalation only considers GDP growth above 2%.[8][9] EPF growth rate was further reduced by 1% in the 1989 budget resulting in additional savings of $200 million in 1990–91.[10]
The 1990 budget froze EPF per-capita entitlements through fiscal year 1991–92, a measure implemented by the Government Expenditure Restraint Act that received royal assent on 1 January 1991.[9] A few weeks later Wilson announced in the 1991 budget that EPF entitlements would be frozen through fiscal year 1994–95 and would then resume growth based on GDP per capital growth minus 3%.[11] The measure was implemented by the Budget Implementation Act, 1991 which received royal assent on 17 December 1991.[12]
Notes and references
Notes
- This Act was renamed Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Federal Post-Secondary Education and Health Contributions Act, 1977 in 1984.
- Technically the average GDP per capita growth rate over the preceding 3 years.
References
- "Established Programs Financing for Health Care". Government of Canada Depository Services Program. August 1991. Retrieved 2010-09-20.
- Department of Finance (April 1994). Federal transfers to provinces (PDF). Ottawa. p. 23. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Department of Finance (15 December 2014). "History of Health and Social Transfers". Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- Duffy, Robert (1 December 1985). "PM, Peterson clash over money". The Toronto Star. p. H7.
- Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act, 1977. S.C. 1976–77, ch. 10. Canada Gazette title: "Acts of the Parliament of Canada from 25th February, 1977 to 31st March, 1977".
- Budget Papers 1985, pages 71–72
- An Act to amend the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act, 1977 S.C. 1984, ch. 13 s. 7. Pages 323–324.
- An Act to amend the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Federal Post-Secondary Education and Health Contributions Act, 1977 S.C. 1986, ch. 34, s. 2.
- Government Expenditure Restraint Act S.C. 1991, ch. 9, s. 5. Page 97.
- Budget Papers 1989, page 13.
- Budget Plan 1991, page 57.
- Budget Implementation Act, 1991 S.C. 1991, ch. 51, s. 2. (pages 2565 and following)