Euphagus
Euphagus is a small genus of American blackbirds. It contains two extant species: Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus, and rusty blackbird E. carolinus.[2]
| Euphagus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Male Brewer's blackbird | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Icteridae |
| Genus: | Euphagus Cassin, 1867 |
| Type species | |
| Psarocolius cyanocephalus[1] Wagler, 1829 | |
| Species | |
The living species are very similar medium-sized birds. Adult males have mainly black plumage and a bright yellow eye; females are dark gray-brown.
Extant species
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Euphagus cyanocephalus | Brewer's blackbird | United States, Canada |
.jpg.webp) | E. carolinus | Rusty blackbird | United States, Canada, Mexico |
A prehistoric relative, the large-billed blackbird (Euphagus magnirostris), is known from Late Pleistocene fossils found in the famous tar seeps of Rancho La Brea, California, as well as the Talara Tar Seeps of northwestern Peru and the Mene de Inciarte Tar Seep of Venezuela. It may have been a close associate of Pleistocene megafauna communities and went extinct following the collapse of the megafauna populations.[3][4]
Description
Both are migratory, wintering in the southern United States and Mexico, although some Brewer's blackbirds are present all year in the western US.
They build cup nests, and the female alone incubates the eggs. They are gregarious outside the breeding season.
Both species feed on seeds and insects, the rusty having a particularly high insect component to its diet. The fortunes of the two species are contrasting, with Brewer's expanding east in the Great Lakes region, while rusty shows a worrying decline in numbers.
References
- "Icteridae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- "ITIS Report: Euphagus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- Miller, Alden H. (January 1947). "A New Genus of Icterid from Rancho La Brea" (PDF). The Condor. 49 (1): 22–24. doi:10.2307/1364424. JSTOR 1364424.
- Steadman, David W.; Oswald, Jessica A. (July 2020). "New species of troupial (Icterus) and cowbird (Molothrus) from ice-age Peru". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 132 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1676/1559-4491-132.1.91. ISSN 1559-4491. S2CID 220714575.
- Jaramillo, Alvaro & Burke, Peter (1999): New World Blackbirds. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-4333-1