Euploca

Euploca
	Euploca salicoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Boraginales
Family:	Boraginaceae
Subfamily:	Heliotropioideae
Genus:	Euploca; Nutt.[1]
Type species
	E. convolvulacea Nutt.;
Synonyms[2][3]
	Hilgeria Förther; Heliotropium L. sect. Euploca Nutt. (A.Gray); Heliotropium L. sect. Orthostachys R.Br.; Lithococca Small ex Rydb.; Notonerium Benth. ; Orthostachys (R.Br.) Spach; Pentacarya DC. ex Meisn.; Pioctonon Raf.; Preslaea Mart.; Sarcanthus Andersson; Schleidenia Endl.;

Euploca is an almost cosmopolitan genus of plants with around 100 species.[3] It was first described by Thomas Nuttall in 1837.[1][4] While part of the broadly defined Boraginaceae in the APG IV system from 2016,[5] a revision of the order Boraginales from the same year includes Euploca in the separate family Heliotropiaceae.[3] Its species used to be classified in the genera Hilgeria and Schleidenia and in Heliotropium sect. Orthostachys, but were found to form an independent lineage in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, more closely related to Myriopus than to Heliotropium.[2] While many species use the C₄ photosynthetic pathway,[6] there are also C₃–C₄ intermediate species.[7][8] Species have leaves with a C₄-typical Kranz anatomy.[2]

Selected species:

E. convolvulacea Nutt. (sweet-scented heliotrope, showy heliotrope)
E. filiformis (Lehm.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
E. fruticosa (L.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
E. greggii (Torr.) Halse & Feuillet
E. humilis (L.) Feuillet
E. ovalifolia (Forssk.) Diane & Hilger
E. polyphylla (Lehm.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
E. procumbens (Mill.) Diane & Hilger
E. pulvina (Craven) Diane & Hilger
E. salicoides (Cham.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
E. strigosa (Willd.) Diane & Hilger
E. tenella (Torr.) Feuillet & Halse

References

"Tropicos – Euploca Nutt". 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
Hilger, H.H.; Diane, N. (2003). "A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data". Botanische Jahrbücher. 125 (1): 19–51. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019. ISSN 0006-8152.
Luebert, F.; Cecchi, L.; Frohlich, M.W.; Gottschling, M.; Guilliams, C.M.; Hasenstab-Lehman, K.E.; Hilger, H.H.; Miller, J.S.; Mittelbach, M.; Nazaire, M.; Nepi, M.; Nocentini, D.; Ober, D.; Olmstead, R.G.; Selvi, F.; Simpson, M.G.; Sutorý, K.; Valdés, B.; Walden, G.K.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Familial classification of the Boraginales". Taxon. 65 (3): 502–522. doi:10.12705/653.5. ISSN 0040-0262. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
Nuttall, T. (1837). "Collections towards a flora of the territory of Arkansas". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 5: 189–190. OCLC 2382293.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
Sage, R.F. (2016). "A portrait of the C₄ photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame". Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (14): 4039–4056. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw156. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 27053721.
Vogan, P.J.; Frohlich, M.W.; Sage, R.F. (2007). "The functional significance of C₃–C₄ intermediate traits in Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae): gas exchange perspectives". Plant, Cell & Environment. 30 (10): 1337–1345. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01706.x. ISSN 0140-7791. PMID 17727423.
Sage, R.F.; Christin, P.-A.; Edwards, E.J. (2011). "The C₄ plant lineages of planet Earth". Journal of Experimental Botany. 62 (9): 3155–3169. doi:10.1093/jxb/err048. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 21414957.

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[Tropicos-1] "Tropicos – Euploca Nutt". 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.

[HilgerDiane2003-2] Hilger, H.H.; Diane, N. (2003). "A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data". Botanische Jahrbücher. 125 (1): 19–51. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019. ISSN 0006-8152.

[LuebertCecchi2016-3] Luebert, F.; Cecchi, L.; Frohlich, M.W.; Gottschling, M.; Guilliams, C.M.; Hasenstab-Lehman, K.E.; Hilger, H.H.; Miller, J.S.; Mittelbach, M.; Nazaire, M.; Nepi, M.; Nocentini, D.; Ober, D.; Olmstead, R.G.; Selvi, F.; Simpson, M.G.; Sutorý, K.; Valdés, B.; Walden, G.K.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Familial classification of the Boraginales". Taxon. 65 (3): 502–522. doi:10.12705/653.5. ISSN 0040-0262. Retrieved 16 June 2018.

[Nuttall1937-4] Nuttall, T. (1837). "Collections towards a flora of the territory of Arkansas". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 5: 189–190. OCLC 2382293.

[APGIV-5] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

[Sage2016-6] Sage, R.F. (2016). "A portrait of the C₄ photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame". Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (14): 4039–4056. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw156. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 27053721.

[VoganFrohlich2007-7] Vogan, P.J.; Frohlich, M.W.; Sage, R.F. (2007). "The functional significance of C₃–C₄ intermediate traits in Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae): gas exchange perspectives". Plant, Cell & Environment. 30 (10): 1337–1345. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01706.x. ISSN 0140-7791. PMID 17727423.

[SageChristin2011-8] Sage, R.F.; Christin, P.-A.; Edwards, E.J. (2011). "The C₄ plant lineages of planet Earth". Journal of Experimental Botany. 62 (9): 3155–3169. doi:10.1093/jxb/err048. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 21414957.