Fairfax County, Virginia

Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is predominantly suburban in character with some urban and rural pockets.

Fairfax County
County
Mount Vernon mansion
Mount Vernon mansion
Flag of Fairfax County
Flag
Official seal of Fairfax County
Seal
Official logo of Fairfax County
Logo
Map of Virginia highlighting Fairfax County
Location within the U.S. state of Virginia
Map of the United States highlighting Virginia
Virginia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38.83°N 77.28°W / 38.83; -77.28
Country United States
State Virginia
FoundedJune 19, 1742
Named forThomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron
SeatFairfax (independent city)1
Largest townHerndon
Area
 • Total406 sq mi (1,050 km2)
 • Land391.02 sq mi (1,012.7 km2)
 • Water15.47 sq mi (40.1 km2)  3.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,150,309
 • Density2,941.82/sq mi (1,135.84/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
20120, 20121, 20122, 20124, 20151, 20152, 20153, 20164, 20166, 20170, 20171, 20172, 20190, 20191, 20192, 20194, 20195, 20196, 22003, 22009, 22015, 22018, 22019, 22027, 22030, 22031, 22032, 22033, 22035, 22037, 22038, 22039, 22041, 22042, 22043, 22044, 22046, 22060, 22066, 22067, 22079, 22081, 22082, 22101, 22102, 22106, 22116, 22121, 22124, 22150, 22151, 22152, 22153, 22158, 22159, 22160, 22161, 22180, 22181, 22182, 22183, 22185, 22199, 22203, 22204, 22205, 22206, 22207, 22213, 22302, 22303, 22304, 22306, 22307, 22308, 22309, 22310, 22311, 22312, 22315
Area code703, 571
Congressional districts8th, 10th, 11th
Websitewww.fairfaxcounty.gov
1 Administrative and court offices are located in unincorporated areas in Fairfax County

As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,150,309,[1] making it Virginia's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of the Commonwealth's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is Fairfax, although because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County.[2]

Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the third-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the U.S.[3][4] Fairfax County, as part of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, is usually included atop or near the top of lists of the wealthiest areas in the United States.[5][6][7]

The county is home to the headquarters of several intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, National Counterterrorism Center, and Office of the Director of National Intelligence as well as the headquarters of several aerospace manufacturing and defense industry giants. The county is also home to the flagship campus of George Mason University, as well as the location of Central Intelligence Agency University - Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis, and several campuses of Northern Virginia Community College. It is also the headquarters to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three in the Falls Church area, though not in the independent municipality of Falls Church.[8]

History
Piney Branch Mill, southeast of Fairfax city, Historic American Buildings Survey
Mount Vernon in 1858

At the time of first European encounter, the inhabitants of what would become Fairfax County were an Algonquian-speaking subgroup called the Taux, also known as the Doeg or Dogue. Their villages, as recorded by Captain John Smith in 1608, included Namassingakent and Nemaroughquand on the south bank of the Potomac River in what is now Fairfax County.[9] Virginian colonists from the Northern Neck region drove the Doeg out of this area and into Maryland by 1670.

Fairfax County was formed in 1742 from the northern part of Prince William County. It was named after Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1693–1781), proprietor of the Northern Neck.[10][11] The Fairfax family name is derived from the Old English phrase for "blond hair", Fæger-feax.

The oldest settlements in Fairfax County were along the Potomac River. George Washington settled in Fairfax County and built his home, Mount Vernon, facing the river. Gunston Hall, the home of George Mason, is nearby. Modern Fort Belvoir is partly on the estate of Belvoir Manor, built along the Potomac by William Fairfax in 1741.

Thomas Fairfax, the only member of the British nobility ever to reside in the colonies, lived at Belvoir before moving to the Shenandoah Valley. The Belvoir mansion and several of its outbuildings were destroyed by fire immediately after the Revolutionary War in 1783, and George Washington noted the plantation complex deteriorated into ruins.

In 1757, the northwestern two-thirds of Fairfax County became Loudoun County. In 1789, part of Fairfax County was ceded to the federal government to form Alexandria County of the District of Columbia. Alexandria County was returned to Virginia in 1846, reduced in size by the secession of the independent city of Alexandria in 1870, and renamed Arlington County in 1920. The Fairfax County town of Falls Church became an independent city in 1948.[12] The Fairfax County town of Fairfax became an independent city in 1961.[13]

Map of battles on Bull Run, near Manassas on the border of Fairfax and Prince William County, fought between the forces of the Confederate States of America and of the Union Generals Beauregard and Johnston commanding the Confederate and General McDowell the United States forces, on July 21, 1861, from 7am to 9pm.[14]

Located near Washington, D.C., Fairfax County was an important region in the Civil War. The Battle of Chantilly or Ox Hill, during the same campaign as the second Battle of Bull Run, was fought within the county; Bull Run is the border between Fairfax and Prince William Counties. Other areas of activity included Minor's Hill, Munson's Hill, and Upton's Hill, on the county's eastern border, overlooking Washington, D.C.

The federal government's growth during and after World War II spurred rapid growth in the county and made it increasingly suburban. Other large businesses continued to settle in Fairfax County and the opening of Tysons Corner Center spurred the rise of Tysons Corner. The technology boom and a steady government-driven economy also created rapid growth and an increasingly large and diverse population. The economy has also made Fairfax County one of the nation's wealthiest counties.[15]

A general aviation airport along U.S. Route 50 west of Seven Corners called the Falls Church Airpark operated in the county from 1948 to 1960. The facility's 2,650-foot unpaved runway was used extensively by private pilots and civil defense officials. Residential development, multiple accidents, and the demand for retail space led to its closure in 1960.[16][17][18]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 406 square miles (1,050 km2), of which 391 square miles (1,010 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (3.8%) is water.[19]

Fairfax County is bounded on the north and southeast by the Potomac River. Across the river to the northeast is Washington, D.C., across the river to the north is Montgomery County, Maryland, and across the river to the southeast are Prince George's County, Maryland and Charles County, Maryland. The county is partially bounded on the north and east by Arlington County and the independent cities of Alexandria and Falls Church. It is bounded on the west by Loudoun County, and on the south by Prince William County.

Most of the county lies in the Piedmont region, with rolling hills and deep stream valleys such as Difficult Run and its tributaries. West of Route 28, the hills give way to a flat, gentle valley that stretches west to the Bull Run Mountains in Loudoun County. Elevations in the county range from near sea level along the tidal sections of the Potomac River in the southeast portion of the county to more than 500 feet (150 m) in the Tysons Corner area.

Adjacent jurisdictions

Geology

The Piedmont hills in the central county are made up of ancient metamorphic rocks such as schist, the roots of several ancestral ranges of the Appalachians. The western valley is floored with more recent shale and sandstone. This geology is similar to adjacent bands of rocks in Maryland and further south in Virginia along the eastern front of the Appalachians.

An area of 11 square miles (30 km2) of the county is known to be underlain with natural asbestos.[20] Much of the asbestos is known to emanate from fibrous tremolite or actinolite. The threat was discovered in 1987, prompting the county to establish laws to monitor air quality at construction sites, control soil taken from affected areas, and require freshly developed sites to lay 6 inches (150 mm) of clean, stable material over the ground.[21][22]

For instance, during the construction of Centreville High School a large amount of asbestos-laden soil was removed and then trucked to Vienna for the construction of the I-66/Nutley Street interchange. Fill dirt then had to be trucked in to make the site level. Marine clays can be found in widespread areas of the county east of Interstate 95, mostly in the Lee and Mount Vernon districts. These clays contribute to soil instability, leading to significant construction challenges for builders.[23]

Government and politics
Fairfax County Government Center

Fairfax County uses the urban county executive form of government, which county voters approved in a 1966 referendum.[24][25]

Under the urban county executive plan, the county is governed by the 10-member Fairfax County Board of Supervisors with the day-to-day running of the county tasked to the appointed Fairfax County executive.

Nine of the board members are elected from the single-member districts of Braddock, Dranesville, Franconia, Hunter Mill, Mason, Mount Vernon, Providence, Springfield, and Sully, while the chairman is elected at-large.

In addition to the Board of Supervisors, three constitutional officers—the Commonwealth's Attorney, clerk of the Circuit Court and sheriff—and the 12 members of the Fairfax County School Board are directly elected by the voters of Fairfax County.

Fairfax County also has a Consumer Protection Commission. The Commission advises the Board of Supervisors and the Department of Cable and Consumer Services on consumer affairs, investigates illegal, fraudulent, deceptive, or dangerous consumer practices, and refers apparent violations of Virginia law to the Commonwealth Attorney or County Attorney for investigation.[26]

The Fairfax County Government Center is west of the City of Fairfax in an unincorporated area.[27] Fairfax County contains an exclave unincorporated area in the City of Fairfax's central business district, where many county facilities (including the courthouses and jail) are.[28][29]

Fairfax County was once considered a Republican bastion, but in recent years Democrats have made significant inroads, gaining control of the Board of Supervisors and the School Board (officially nonpartisan) as well as the offices of sheriff and Commonwealth's Attorney. Democrats also hold all the Fairfax seats in the Virginia House of Delegates and every seat in the Senate.

Fairfax County encompasses parts of three congressional districts, the 8th District, the 10th District, and the 11th District. Democrats represent all three districts, with Jennifer Wexton representing the 10th, Don Beyer representing the 8th, and Gerry Connolly representing the 11th.

Communities closer to Washington, D.C., generally favor Democrats by a larger margin than outlying communities. In elections in 2000, 2001, and 2005, Fairfax County supported Democrats for U.S. Senate and governor. In 2004, Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry won the county, becoming the first Democrat to do so since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 (the last time Democrats carried the state until 2008). Kerry defeated George W. Bush in the county, 53% to 46%.

Democratic gubernatorial candidate Tim Kaine carried Fairfax County with over 60% of the vote in 2005, helping him win 51.7% of the statewide vote. In 2006, U.S. Senate candidate Jim Webb carried the county with 58.9% of the vote while winning the statewide election.

In the state and local elections of November 2007, Fairfax Democrats picked up one seat in the House of Delegates, two seats in the Senate, and one seat on the Board of Supervisors, making their majority there 8–2.

On November 4, 2008, Fairfax County continued its shift towards the Democrats, with Barack Obama and Mark Warner each garnering over 60% of the vote for president and U.S. Senate, respectively. Also, the Fairfax-anchored 11th District United States House of Representatives seat held by Thomas M. Davis for 14 years was won by Gerry Connolly, the Democratic chairman of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors.

Braddock supervisor Sharon Bulova won a special election on February 3, 2009, to succeed Connolly as chairman of the Board of Supervisors, continuing a Democratic hold on the office that dates to 1995. Delegate David Marsden won a special election on January 12, 2010, to succeed Ken Cuccinelli in the 37th State Senate district.[30] Fairfax County is now represented in the Virginia State Senate by an all-Democratic delegation.[31]

In the 2010 congressional elections, Republican challenger Keith Fimian nearly won the election for the 11th District seat, losing to Connolly by 981 votes out of over 225,000 cast (a margin of 0.4%). Jim Moran and Frank Wolf were reelected, 61%–37% and 63%–35%, respectively.

In 2012, Fairfax County solidly backed Obama for reelection as president, as he nearly matched his 2008 performance, winning the county 59.6% to 39.1%. Former Governor Tim Kaine, running for the U.S. Senate in 2012, carried Fairfax County with 61% of the vote as part of his statewide victory. Representatives Connolly, Moran, and Wolf were also reelected.

Although Republican governor Bob McDonnell won Fairfax County with 51% of the vote in 2009, the Republican resurgence in Fairfax was short-lived. In the 2013 election, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Terry McAuliffe won Fairfax County with 58% of the vote, defeating incumbent state attorney general and former Republican state senator from Fairfax Ken Cuccinelli. McAuliffe's running mates, Ralph Northam and Mark Herring, also carried Fairfax County in their respective bids for lieutenant governor and attorney general. These Democratic victories mirrored the Democratic ticket's sweep of the state's three executive offices for the first time since 1989.

In the 2016 general election, Fairfax continued its trend towards Democratic candidates. Representatives Beyer and Connolly were reelected, the latter unopposed. Fairfax County supported Hillary Clinton for president with 64.4% of the vote to Donald Trump's 28.6%, exemplifying a heavy swing toward Democrats across Northern Virginia.

In 2020, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden won the county with 69.89% of the vote, the best percentage for a Democrat in the county since 1916.

United States presidential election results for Fairfax County, Virginia[32]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 168,401 28.03% 419,943 69.89% 12,479 2.08%
2016 157,710 28.61% 355,133 64.43% 38,340 6.96%
2012 206,773 39.07% 315,273 59.57% 7,241 1.37%
2008 200,994 38.93% 310,359 60.12% 4,901 0.95%
2004 211,980 45.94% 245,671 53.25% 3,728 0.81%
2000 202,181 48.86% 196,501 47.49% 15,093 3.65%
1996 176,033 48.19% 170,150 46.58% 19,080 5.22%
1992 170,488 44.26% 160,186 41.58% 54,544 14.16%
1988 200,641 61.10% 125,711 38.28% 2,013 0.61%
1984 183,181 62.88% 107,295 36.83% 822 0.28%
1980 137,620 57.41% 73,734 30.76% 28,351 11.83%
1976 110,424 53.62% 92,037 44.69% 3,496 1.70%
1972 112,135 66.26% 54,844 32.40% 2,267 1.34%
1968 57,462 48.98% 44,796 38.18% 15,061 12.84%
1964 30,755 38.68% 48,680 61.22% 82 0.10%
1960 28,006 51.65% 26,064 48.07% 149 0.27%
1956 20,761 55.71% 15,633 41.95% 873 2.34%
1952 13,020 60.90% 8,329 38.96% 30 0.14%
1948 4,930 51.95% 3,719 39.19% 840 8.85%
1944 4,046 52.81% 3,582 46.75% 34 0.44%
1940 2,371 41.89% 3,263 57.65% 26 0.46%
1936 1,584 34.99% 2,913 64.35% 30 0.66%
1932 1,368 32.93% 2,714 65.33% 72 1.73%
1928 2,507 67.10% 1,229 32.90% 0 0.00%
1924 765 30.00% 1,586 62.20% 199 7.80%
1920 987 37.71% 1,598 61.06% 32 1.22%
1916 472 28.33% 1,179 70.77% 15 0.90%
1912 187 13.98% 992 74.14% 159 11.88%
1908 404 25.90% 1,143 73.27% 13 0.83%
1904 422 34.93% 774 64.07% 12 0.99%
1900 1,507 41.22% 2,135 58.40% 14 0.38%
1896 1,877 46.74% 2,109 52.51% 30 0.75%
1892 1,537 41.21% 2,168 58.12% 25 0.67%
1888 1,824 47.38% 2,010 52.21% 16 0.42%
1884 1,681 47.17% 1,883 52.83% 0 0.00%
1880 1,399 44.77% 1,726 55.23% 0 0.00%
County Board of Supervisors
Position Name Party First Election District
  Chairman Jeff McKay Democratic 2019 At-large
  Supervisor James R. Walkinshaw Democratic 2019 Braddock
  Supervisor John Foust Democratic 2007 Dranesville
  Supervisor Walter L. Alcorn Democratic 2019 Hunter Mill
  Supervisor Rodney L. Lusk Democratic 2019 Lee (now Franconia)
  Supervisor Penelope Gross Democratic 1995 Mason
  Supervisor Daniel "Dan" Storck Democratic 2015 Mount Vernon
  Supervisor Dalia A. Palchik Democratic 2019 Providence
  Supervisor Patrick "Pat" Herrity Republican 2007 Springfield
  Supervisor Kathy Smith Democratic 2015 Sully
Constitutional Officers
Position Name Party First Election District
  Sheriff Stacey Kincaid Democratic 2013 At-large
  Commonwealth's Attorney Steve Descano Democratic 2019 At-large
  Clerk of Circuit Court John T. Frey Republican 1991 At-large
Delegates
Position Name Party First Election District
Delegate Kathleen Murphy Democratic 2015 34
  Delegate Holly Seibold Democratic 2023 35
  Delegate Ken Plum Democratic 1977 36
  Delegate David Bulova Democratic 2005 37
  Delegate Kaye Kory Democratic 2009 38
  Delegate Vivian Watts Democratic 1981 39
  Delegate Dan Helmer Democratic 2019 40
  Delegate Eileen Filler-Corn Democratic 2010 41
  Delegate Kathy Tran Democratic 2017 42
  Delegate Mark Sickles Democratic 2003 43
  Delegate Paul Krizek Democratic 2015 44
  Delegate Elizabeth Bennett-Parker Democratic 2021 45
  Delegate Rip Sullivan Democratic 2014 48
  Delegate Alfonso Lopez Democratic 2011 49
  Delegate Marcus Simon Democratic 2013 53
  Delegate Karrie Delaney Democratic 2017 67
  Delegate Irene Shin Democratic 2021 86
Senators
Position Name Party First Election District
Senator Adam Ebbin Democratic 2011 30
Senator Barbara Favola Democratic 2011 31
Senator Janet Howell Democratic 1991 32
Senator Jennifer Boysko Democratic 2019 33
Senator Chap Petersen Democratic 2007 34
Senator Dick Saslaw Democratic 1980 35
Senator Scott Surovell Democratic 2015 36
Senator Dave Marsden Democratic 2010 37
Senator George Barker Democratic 2007 39
Consumer Protection Commission[26]
Position Name
Commissioner Harold G. Belkowitz, Esq.
Commissioner Chester J. Freedenthal
Vice Chairperson Denis Gulakowski
Commissioner Dirck A. Hargraves
Commissioner Pratik J. Kharat
Commissioner Dennis Dean Kirk, Esq.
Chairperson Jason J. Kratovil
Commissioner Triston "Chase" O'Savio
Commissioner Michael J. Roark
Secretary Jacqueline G. Rosier
Commissioner Dr. Maurice B. Springer
Commissioner Paul Svab

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179012,320—
180013,3178.1%
181013,111−1.5%
182011,404−13.0%
18309,204−19.3%
18409,3701.8%
185010,68214.0%
186011,83410.8%
187012,9529.4%
188016,02523.7%
189016,6553.9%
190018,58011.6%
191020,53610.5%
192021,9436.9%
193025,26415.1%
194040,92962.0%
195098,557140.8%
1960275,002179.0%
1970455,02165.5%
1980596,90131.2%
1990818,58437.1%
2000969,74918.5%
20101,081,72611.5%
20201,150,3096.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[33]
1790–1960[34] 1900–1990[35]
1990–2000[36] 2010[37] 2020[38]

2020 census
Fairfax County, Virginia – Racial and Ethnic Composition
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[37] Pop 2020[38] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 590,622 542,001 54.60% 47.12%
Black or African American alone (NH) 96,078 108,339 8.88% 9.42%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 1,843 1,437 0.17% 0.12%
Asian alone (NH) 188,737 233,858 17.45% 20.33%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 779 772 0.07% 0.07%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 3,359 7,046 0.31% 0.61%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 31,826 57,622 2.94% 5.01%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 168,482 199,234 15.58% 17.32%
Total 1,081,726 1,150,309 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

As of 2010, there were 1,081,726 people, 350,714 households, and 250,409 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,455 inhabitants per square mile (948/km2). There were 359,411 housing units at an average density of 910 per square mile (350/km2). The ethnic makeup of the county was:

Percentage Ethnic group
62.68% White
9.17% Black or African American
0.36% Native American
17.53% Asian
0.07% Pacific Islander
4.54% other races
3.65% two or more races.
15.58% Hispanics or Latinos of any race.

The largest ancestry groups were:

Percentage Ancestry group
11.2% German
10.2% Irish
8.6% English
5.1% American
5.1% Italian
4.1% Indian
4.0% Salvadoran
3.8% Korean
3.3% Sub-Saharan African
2.7% Vietnamese
2.6% Polish
2.4% Chinese
2.4% Arabs
2.2% Scottish
1.9% French
1.8% Spanish
1.7% Mexican
1.7% Bolivian
1.4% Filipino
1.4% Russian
1.3% Scotch-Irish
1.2% Peruvian
1.1% Honduran
1.0% Guatemalan
1.0% Pakistani

Ethnic structure of Fairfax County

  White (62.7%)
  Asian (17.5%)
  Black (9.2%)
  Other (6.5%)
  Two or more races (3.6%)
  Native (0.4%)
  Pacific islander (0.1%)

In 2000, there were 350,714 households, of which 36.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.40% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 21.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.20.

The age distribution was 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 33.90% from 25 to 44, 25.30% from 45 to 64, and 7.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 96.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $81,050, and the median income for a family was $92,146; in a 2007 estimate, these figures rose to $102,460 and $120,804, respectively. Males had a median income of $60,503 versus $41,802 for females. The per capita income for the county was $36,888. About 3.00% of families and 4.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.20% of those under age 18 and 4.00% of those age 65 or over. A more recent report from the 2007 American Community Survey indicated that poverty in Fairfax County, Virginia had risen to 4.9%.[4]

Judged by household median income, Fairfax County is among the highest-income counties in the country, and was first on that list for many years. In the 2000 census, it was overtaken by Douglas County, Colorado. According to 2005 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, it had the second-highest median household income behind neighboring Loudoun County, at $94,610. In 2007, Fairfax County reclaimed its position as the richest county in America, in addition to becoming the first county in American history to have a median household income over $100,000, though not the first jurisdiction.[39] In 2008, Loudoun County reclaimed the top position, with Fairfax County a statistically insignificant second.[40][41] In 2012, Fairfax County's median household income was $108,439.[42]

Fairfax County males have the highest life expectancy in the nation at 81.1 years, while females had the eighth highest at 83.8.[43]

Education
George Mason University, whose performing arts center is shown here, is located in Fairfax.

The county is served by the Fairfax County Public Schools system, to which the county government allocates 52.2% of its budget.[44] Including state and federal government contributions, along with citizen and corporate contributions, this brings the 2008 budget for the school system to $2.2 billion.[45] The school system has estimated that, based on the 2008 fiscal year budget, the county will be spending $13,407 on each student.[46]

The Fairfax County Public School system contains the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, a Virginia Governor's School. TJHSST consistently ranks at or near the top of all U.S. high schools due to the extraordinary number of National Merit Semifinalists and finalists, its students' high average SAT scores, and the number of students who annually perform nationally recognized research in the sciences and engineering. As a Governor's School, TJHSST draws students not only from Fairfax County, but also from Arlington, Loudoun, Fauquier, and Prince William counties, and the City of Falls Church.

Fairfax County is also home to many Catholic elementary and middle schools. The schools fall under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arlington. The Oakcrest School is an all-girls Catholic school in Fairfax County, which is not run by the diocese. Paul VI Catholic High School is Fairfax County's diocese-run Catholic high school.

George Mason University is just outside the city of Fairfax, near the geographic center of Fairfax County. Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) serves Fairfax County with campuses in Annandale and Springfield and a center in Reston that is a satellite branch of the Loudoun campus. The NVCC Alexandria campus borders Fairfax County. The Central Intelligence Agency University and its Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis are both located in Fairfax County, specifically in Chantilly and Reston respectively. The University of Fairfax, a for-profit proprietary college and alleged diploma mill was once headquartered in Vienna, Virginia.[47][48] Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Medicine recently constructed a medical campus wing at Inova Fairfax Hospital in order to allow third- and fourth-year medical students to study at other state-of-the-art facilities in the Northern Virginia region.[49]

Economy
Fairfax County is, along with Washington, a "core" employment jurisdiction of the Washington Metropolitan Area as indicated by this map. A U.S. Department of Labor study published in 2007 described Fairfax County as the second "economic pillar" of the Washington-area economy, along with the District of Columbia. The county has been described in Time as "one of the great economic success stories of our time."[50]

Fairfax County's economy revolves around professional services and technology. Many residents work for the government or contractors of the federal government. The government is the largest employer, with Fort Belvoir in southern Fairfax the county's single largest source of federal employment. Fairfax County has a gross county product of about $95 billion.

Fairfax County also is home to major employers such as Volkswagen Group of America, Hilton Worldwide,[51] DXC Technology (formerly Computer Sciences Corporation), Northrop Grumman, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Leidos, Booz Allen Hamilton, Gannett, Capital One, General Dynamics, ICF International, Freddie Mac, Sallie Mae, ManTech International, Mars, NII and NVR. The county is home to seven Fortune 500 company headquarters,[52] 11 Hispanic 500 companies,[53] and five companies on the Black Enterprise 500 list.

The county's economy is supported by the Fairfax County Economic Development Authority, which provides services and information to promote Fairfax County as a leading business and technology center. The FCEDA is the nation's largest non-state economic development authority. Fairfax County is also home to the Northern Virginia Technology Council, a trade association for local technology companies. It is the nation's largest technology council, with technology industry figures such as Bill Gates and Meg Whitman speaking at various local banquets.[54][55] Fairfax County has a higher concentration of high-tech workers than Silicon Valley.[56]

Tysons
Tysons is Fairfax County's leading business center and one of the largest business districts in the United States.

The Tysons CDP of Fairfax County is Virginia's largest office market and the nation's largest suburban business district, with 26,600,000 square feet (2,470,000 m2) of office space.[57][58] It is the country's 12th-largest business district and is expected to grow substantially in the coming decades. It contains a quarter of the county's total office space inventory, which was 105,200,000 square feet (9,770,000 m2) at year-end 2006, about the size of Lower Manhattan.[59] Forbes wrote that the area is "often described as the place where the Internet was invented, but today it looks increasingly like the center of the global military-industrial complex",[60] because it is home to the nation's first ISPs (many now defunct) and attracts numerous defense contractors that have relocated from other states to or near Tysons Corner.

Every weekday, Tysons draws over 100,000 workers from around the region. It also draws 55,000 shoppers every weekday, as it is home to neighboring super-regional malls Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria. In comparison, Washington, D.C., draws 15 million visitors annually, or the equivalent of 62,500 per weekday.

After years of stalling and controversy, the $5.2 billion expansion of the Washington Metro Silver Line in Virginia from Washington, D.C., to Dulles International Airport was funded by the Federal Transit Administration in December 2008.[61] The Silver Line added four stations in Tysons, including a station between Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria.

Along with the expansion of Washington Metro, Fairfax County government has a plan to "urbanize" the Tysons area. The plan calls for a private-public partnership and a grid-like street system to make Tysons a more urban environment, tripling available housing to allow more workers to live near their workplaces. The goal is to have 95% of Tysons Corner within 1⁄2-mile (800 m) of a metro station.[62]

Employment

Fairfax County's average weekly wage during the first quarter of 2005 was $1,181, 52% more than the national average.[63] By comparison, the average weekly wage was $1,286 for Arlington—the Washington metropolitan area's highest—$1,277 for Washington, D.C., and $775 for the U.S. as a whole.[63] The types of jobs available in the area make it very attractive to highly educated workers. The relatively high wages may be partially due to the area's high cost of living.[63]

CIA headquarters in Langley

In early 2005, Fairfax County had 553,107 total jobs, up from 372,792 in 1990. In the area, this is second to Washington's 658,505 jobs in 2005 (down from 668,532 in 1990).[63]

As of the 2002 Economic Census, Fairfax County has the largest professional, scientific, and technical service sector in the Washington, D.C., area—in terms of the number of business establishments; total sales, shipments, and receipts; payrolls; and number of employees—exceeding the next-largest, Washington, D.C., by roughly a quarter overall, and double that of neighboring Montgomery County.[64]

The headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) are in Langley, on Fairfax County's northeastern border.

Top employers

According to the county's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[65] the county's largest employers are:

# Employer # of Employees  % of Total County Employment
1 Federal Government 26,543 4.30
1 Fairfax County Public Schools 25,389 4.12
3 Fairfax County Government 12,128 1.97
4 Inova Health System 10,000-12,000 1.78
5 George Mason University 5,000-9,999 1.22
6 Booz Allen Hamilton 5,000-9,999 1.22
7 Amazon 5,000-9,999 1.22
8 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 5,000-9,999 1.22
9 SAIC 5,000-9,999 1.22
10 Capital One 5,000-9,999 1.22

Arts and culture
Spectators watching a performance at Wolf Trap.

Annual festivals include the "Celebrate Fairfax!" festival held in June at the Fairfax County Government Center in Fairfax City, the Northern Virginia Fine Arts Festival[66] held in May at the Reston Town Center in Reston, and the International Children's Festival held in September at the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, which features a performing arts center outside Vienna.

Fairfax County supports a summer concert series held in multiple venues throughout the county on various nights. The concert series are called Arts in the Parks, Braddock Nights, Lee District Nights, Mt. Vernon Nights, Nottoway Nights, Spotlight by Starlight, Sounds of Summer and Starlight Cinema.[67]

Capital One Hall, which is part of the Capital One Headquarters Complex in Tysons, is a major performing arts center. The space holds performances from a variety of musicians and performing artists across various fields. The Hall opened in 2021 and seats 1,600 in its main theater.

EagleBank Arena (originally the Patriot Center), on the Fairfax campus of George Mason University just outside the City of Fairfax, hosts concerts and shows. The nearby Center for the Arts at George Mason is a major year-round arts venue, and the Workhouse Arts Center in Lorton, Virginia includes studios for artists, event facilities for performing groups, and gallery exhibitions in addition to hosting the annual Clifton Film Festival.[68] Smaller local art venues include:

  • Alden Theater at the McLean Community Center
  • ArtSpace Herndon
  • Center Stage at the Reston Community Center
  • Greater Reston Arts Center
  • James Lee Community Center Theater
  • Vienna Arts Society

Transportation

Roads

Several major highways run through Fairfax County, including the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495), Interstate 66, Interstate 95, and Interstate 395. The American Legion Bridge connects Fairfax to Montgomery County, Maryland. The George Washington Memorial Parkway, Dulles Toll Road, and Fairfax County Parkway are also major arteries. Other notable roads include Braddock Road, Old Keene Mill Road, Little River Turnpike, State Routes 7, 28, and 123, and U.S. Routes 1, 29, and 50.

The county is in the Washington, D.C., metro area, the nation's third most congested area.[69][70][71]

Northern Virginia, including Fairfax County, is the third worst congested traffic area in the nation, in terms of percentage of congested roadways and time spent in traffic. Of the lane miles in the region, 44 percent are rated "F" or worst for congestion. Northern Virginia residents spend an average of 46 hours a year stuck in traffic.

Major highways
I-95 in Fairfax County

Air
Dulles International Airport is partially located in Fairfax County.

Washington Dulles International Airport lies partly within Fairfax County and provides most air service to the county. Fairfax is also served by two other airports in the Washington area, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. Manassas Regional Airport, in neighboring Prince William County, is also used for regional cargo and private jet service.

From 1945 to 1961, the eastern part of Fairfax County hosted Falls Church Airpark, an airfield primarily used for general aviation and civil defense purposes until encroaching residential development forced its closure.[72] The area the airport occupied is now mainly used as a shopping center, with the western end of the complex occupied by the Thomas Jefferson branch of the Fairfax County Public Library system. Parts of several apartment complexes are also on some of the airport's former grounds.[16][17]

Public transportation
The Vienna Metro station, located in Fairfax County, is the western terminus of the Orange Line of the Washington Metro rapid rail system.

Fairfax County has multiple public transportation services, including the Washington Metro's Orange, Blue, Yellow, and Silver lines. The Silver line, which runs through the Tysons, Reston, and Herndon areas of the county, opened in 2014, later extended in 2022, as the first new Washington Metro line since the Green Line opened in 1991.[73]

In addition, the VRE (Virginia Railway Express) provides commuter rail service to Union Station in Washington, D.C., with stations in Fairfax County. The VRE's Fairfax County stations are Lorton and Franconia/Springfield on the Fredericksburg line, and Burke Centre, Rolling Road, and Backlick Road on the Manassas line.[74]

Fairfax County contracts its bus service, the Fairfax Connector, to Transdev. The county is also served by WMATA's Metrobus service.

Parks and recreation

The county has many protected areas, a total of over 390 county parks on more than 23,000 acres (93 km2).[75] The Fairfax County Park Authority maintains parks and recreation centers through the county. There are also two national protected areas that are inside the county at least in part, including the Elizabeth Hartwell Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge, the George Washington Memorial Parkway, and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts. The Mason Neck State Park is also in Lorton.

Fairfax County is a member of the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority.

The Reston Zoo is in Reston, Virginia.[76] The National Zoo is nearby in Washington, D.C.

Trails

The county maintains many miles of bike trails running through parks, adjacent to roads and through towns such as Vienna and Herndon. The Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail runs through Fairfax County, offering one of the region's best, and safest, routes for recreational walking and biking. In addition, nine miles (14 km) of the Mount Vernon Trail runs through Fairfax County along the Potomac River.

Compared to other regions of the Washington area, Fairfax County has a dearth of designated bike lanes for cyclists wishing to commute in the region. On May 16, 2008, Bike-to-Work Day, the Fairfax County Department of Transportation released the first countywide bicycle route map.[77]

The Fairfax Cross County Trail runs from Great Falls National Park in the county's northern end to Occoquan Regional Park in the southern end. Consisting of mostly dirt paths and short asphalt sections, the trail is used mostly by recreational mountain bikers, hikers, and horse riders.

Communities
Map of Fairfax County showing incorporated towns and CDPs
Herndon
McLean
Reston

Three incorporated towns, Clifton, Herndon, and Vienna, are entirely within Fairfax County.[78]

The independent cities of Falls Church and Fairfax were formed out of areas formerly under Fairfax County's jurisdiction but are politically separate. Nevertheless, the Postal Service has long considered several portions of Fairfax County to be unincorporated Falls Church and Fairfax City. Several portions of the county also have Alexandria mailing addresses; many locals refer to these neighborhoods collectively as "South Alexandria", "Lower Alexandria", or "Alexandria, Fairfax County".[79] "South Alexandria" communities include Hollin Hills, Franconia, Groveton, Hybla Valley, Huntington, Belle Haven, Mount Vernon, Fort Hunt, Engleside, Burgundy Village, Waynewood, Wilton Woods, Rose Hill, Virginia Hills, Hayfield, and Kingstowne.

It has been proposed[80] to convert the entire county into a single independent city, primarily to gain more control over taxes and roads. The most recent such proposal was made on June 30, 2009.

Other communities in Fairfax County are unincorporated areas. Virginia law dictates that no unincorporated area of a county may be incorporated as a separate town or city following the adoption of the urban county executive form of government.[81] Fairfax County adopted the urban county executive form of government in 1966.[24][25]

As of the 2000 census, Fairfax County's 13 largest communities are all unincorporated CDPs, the largest of which are Centreville, Reston, and McLean, each with a population over 45,000. (The largest incorporated place in the county is Herndon, its 14th-largest community.)

Census-designated places

The following localities within Fairfax County are identified by the U.S. Census Bureau as (unincorporated) Census-designated places:[82]

Other unincorporated communities
  • Schneider Crossroads
  • Shady Oak
  • Strathmeade Springs
  • Sunset Hills
  • Uniontown
  • Virginia Hills
  • Westhampton

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on 2020 United States Census Bureau data.[83]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020)
1 Centreville CDP 73,518
2 Reston CDP 63,226
3 McLean CDP 50,773
4 Annandale CDP 43,363
5 Burke CDP 42,312
6 Oakton CDP 36,732
7 Fair Oaks CDP 34,052
8 Springfield CDP 31,339
9 West Falls Church CDP 30,243
10 Bailey's Crossroads CDP 24,749
11 Herndon Town 24,655
12 West Springfield CDP 24,369
13 Chantilly CDP 24,301
14 Tysons CDP 24,261
15 † Fairfax City 24,146
16 Lincolnia CDP 22,922
17 McNair CDP 21,598
18 Rose Hill CDP 21,045
19 Merrifield CDP 20,488
20 Lorton CDP 20,072
21 Woodlawn CDP 20,859
22 Franklin Farm CDP 19,189
23 Franconia CDP 18,943
24 Idylwood CDP 17,954
25 Fort Hunt CDP 17,231
26 Kingstowne CDP 16,825
27 Wolf Trap CDP 16,496
28 Vienna Town 16,473
29 Hybla Valley CDP 16,319
30 Great Falls CDP 15,953
31 Groveton CDP 15,725
32 Huntington CDP 13,749
33 Kings Park West CDP 13,465
34 Newington CDP 13,223
35 Newington Forest CDP 12,957
36 Mount Vernon CDP 12,914
37 Fairfax Station CDP 12,420
38 Wakefield CDP 11,805
39 Dranesville CDP 11,785
40 George Mason CDP 11,162
41 Difficult Run CDP 10,600
42 Lake Barcroft CDP 9,770
43 Dunn Loring CDP 9,464
44 Seven Corners CDP 9,131
45 Woodburn CDP 8,797
46 Greenbriar CDP 8,421
47 Fair Lakes CDP 8,404
48 Floris CDP 8,341
49 Laurel Hill CDP 8,307
50 Long Branch CDP 7,890
51 Fort Belvoir CDP 7,637
52 Mantua CDP 7,503
53 North Springfield CDP 7,430
54 Bull Run CDP 6,972
55 Belle Haven CDP 6,851
56 Pimmit Hills CDP 6,569
57 Braddock CDP 6,549
58 South Run CDP 6,462
59 Hutchison CDP 6,231
60 Crosspointe CDP 5,722
61 Union Mill CDP 4,997
62 Kings Park CDP 4,537
63 Navy CDP 4,327
64 Hayfield CDP 4,154
65 Ravensworth CDP 2,680
66 Sully Square CDP 2,300
67 Mason Neck CDP 2,025
68 Great Falls Crossing CDP 1,392
69 Clifton Town 243

Notable people
See also: Notable people from McLean, Virginia

Historic figures

Politicians

  • Sharon Bulova – Former Chairwoman of the Board of Supervisors
  • Gerry Connolly – U.S. Congressman (VA-11) and former Chairman of the Fairfax County board of supervisors
  • Tom Davis – former U.S. Congressman (VA-11)
  • Katherine Hanley – Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth and former County Board Chair
  • John Warner – former U.S. Senator (R)
  • Jim Webb – former U.S. Senator (D)
  • Nguyễn Cao Kỳ – South Vietnamese Prime Minister, Vice President, and Air-Force General. Initially lived in Fairfax County in the late 1970s after the fall of Saigon.
  • Barbara Comstock – Former U.S. Congresswoman (VA-10) and former Virginia Delegate (R-34)
  • James Gattuso - Senior Research Fellow for The Heritage Foundation and former Associate Director for Vice President Dan Quayle.

Professionals

Sports figures
George Washington lived at Mount Vernon in Fairfax County.
George Mason lived at Gunston Hall in Fairfax County.

Entertainers

Other

Sister cities

Fairfax County's sister cities are:[94]

See also

Notes
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