Five pence (British coin)

The British decimal five pence coin (often shortened to 5p in writing and speech) is a denomination of sterling coinage worth 5⁄100 of a pound. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin’s introduction on 23 April 1968, replacing the shilling in preparation for decimalisation in 1971.[1] It remained the same size as the one shilling coin, which also remained legal tender, until a smaller version was introduced in June 1990 with the older coins being withdrawn on 31 December 1990.[2] Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse, featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008.

Five pence
United Kingdom
Value£0.05
Mass(1968–1990) 5.65 g
(1990–present) 3.25 g
Diameter(1968–1990) 23.59 mm
(1990–present) 18.00 mm
Thickness(Cupro-nickel) 1.7 mm
(Steel) 1.89 mm
EdgeMilled
CompositionCupronickel (1968–2010)
Nickel-plated steel (2011–)
Years of minting1968–present
Obverse
DesignQueen Elizabeth II
DesignerJody Clark
Design date2015
Reverse
DesignSegment of the Royal Shield
DesignerMatthew Dent
Design date2008

5p coins are legal tender up to the sum of £5 when offered in repayment of a debt; however, the coin's legal tender status is not normally relevant for everyday transactions.[3]

The five pence coin was originally minted from cupro-nickel (75% Cu, 25% Ni), but since 2011[4] it has been minted in nickel-plated steel due to the increasing price of metal. From January 2013, the Royal Mint began a programme to gradually remove the previous cupro-nickel coins from circulation with replacement by the nickel-plated steel versions.[5]

As of March 2014, an estimated 3,847 million 5p coins were in circulation with an estimated face value of £192.370 million.[6]

Design
Thistle design reverse: 1982–2008

The original reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, and used from 1968 to 2008, is a crowned thistle (formally, The Badge of Scotland, a thistle royally crowned), with the numeral "5" below the thistle, and either NEW PENCE (1968–1981) or FIVE PENCE (1982–2008) above the thistle.

To date, three different obverses have been used. In all cases, the inscription is ELIZABETH II D.G.REG.F.D. 2013,[7] where 2013 is replaced by the year of minting. In the original design, both sides of the coin are encircled by dots, a common feature on coins, known as beading.

As with all new decimal currency, until 1984 the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin appeared on the obverse,[8] in which the Queen wears the 'Girls of Great Britain and Ireland' Tiara.

Between 1985 and 1997, the portrait by Raphael Maklouf was used,[8] in which the Queen wears the George IV State Diadem.

On 27 June 1990 a reduced size version of the five pence coin was introduced. The older larger coins were withdrawn on 31 December 1990. The design remained unchanged.

From 1998 to 2015, the portrait by Ian Rank-Broadley was used,[8] again featuring the tiara, with a signature-mark IRB below the portrait.

As of June 2015, coins bearing the portrait by Jody Clark have been seen in circulation.

In August 2005 the Royal Mint launched a competition to find new reverse designs for all circulating coins apart from the £2 coin.[9] The winner, announced in April 2008, was Matthew Dent, whose designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from mid-2008.[10] The designs for the 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins depict sections of the Royal Shield that form the whole shield when placed together. The shield in its entirety was featured on the now-obsolete round £1 coin. The 5p coin depicts the centre of the Royal shield, showing the meeting point of the four quarters. The coin's obverse remains largely unchanged, but the beading (the ring of dots around the coin's circumference), which no longer features on the coin's reverse, has also been removed from the obverse.

In October 2023 the King Charles III five-pence coin was presented; the coin features an oak leaf with acorns. [11]

5p coins are legal tender for amounts up to and including £5.[12][13] However, in the UK, "legal tender" has a very specific and narrow meaning which relates only to the repayment of debt to a creditor, not to everyday shopping or other transactions.[14] Specifically, coins of particular denominations are said to be "legal tender" when a creditor must by law accept them in redemption of a debt.[15] The term does not mean – as is often thought – that a shopkeeper has to accept a particular type of currency in payment.[14] A shopkeeper is under no obligation to accept any specific type of payment, whether legal tender or not; conversely they have the discretion to accept any payment type they wish.[13]

Mintages
Number of five pence coins minted for circulation by year[16]
Year Number minted Composition Diameter (mm) Portrait Reverse
196898,868,250Cupro-nickel23.59MachinIronside
1969120,270,000
1970225,948,525
197181,783,475
19720
19730
19740
1975141,539,000
19760
197724,308,000
197861,094,000
1979155,456,000
1980220,566,000
19810
19820
19830
19840
19850Maklouf
19860
198748,220,000
1988120,744,610
1989101,406,000
19901,634,976,00518.00
1991724,979,000
1992453,173,500
19930
199493,602,000
1995183,384,000
1996302,902,000
1997236,596,000
1998217,376,000Rank-Broadley
1999195,490,000
2000388,512,000
2001337,930,000
2002219,258,000
2003333,230,000
2004271,810,000
2005236,212,000
2006317,697,000
2007246,720,000
200892,880,000
165,172,000 Dent
2009132,960,300
2010396,245,500
201150,400,000Nickel-plated steel
2012339,802,350
2013378,800,750
2014885,004,520
2015163,000,000
536,600,000 Clark
2016305,740,000
2017220,515,000
20180
201992,800,000
202049,200,000
202128,000,000
202242,800,000

Mint Sets have been produced since 1982; where mintages on or after that date indicate 'none', there are examples contained within those sets.


References
  1. Bignell, C P. "Post decimalisation". Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
  2. Stephen Eckett; Craig Pearce (2008). Harriman's Money Miscellany: A Collection of Financial Facts and Corporate Curiosities. Harriman House Limited. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-905641-95-6.
  3. Royal Mint Frequently Asked Questions Archived 8 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Decimal Five Pence Archived 26 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine | author=Tony Clayton
  5. "Cupro Nickel Replacement Programme". Royal Mint. 2013. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  6. "Mintage Figures". Royal Mint. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  7. Clayton, Tony. "Decimal Coins of the UK – Bronze". Archived from the original on 27 May 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2006.
  8. "1p Coin". British Royal Mint. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
  9. "Royal Mint seeks new coin designs" Archived 13 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 17 August 2005
  10. "Royal Mint unveils new UK coins" Archived 7 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, 2 April 2008
  11. BBC
  12. "Coinage Act: Section 2", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1971 c. 24 (s. 2)
  13. "What are the legal tender amounts acceptable for UK coins?". The Royal Mint. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  14. "What is legal tender?". Bank of England. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  15. "Legal tender". Collins. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  16. "5p Five Pence Mintage Figures". www.royalmint.com. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
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