Flea circus

A flea circus is a circus sideshow attraction in which fleas are attached (or appear to be attached) to miniature carts and other items, and encouraged to perform circus acts within a small housing.

This article is about flea circuses in general. For the Tex Avery animated short, see The Flea Circus.
The flea circus of Maxfield Rubbish, San Diego, CA (2009)

History
"The Go-As-You-Please Race, as seen through a Magnifying Glass", engraved by J. G. Francis, from an article by C. F. Holder in St. Nicholas Magazine, 1886

The first records of flea performances were from watchmakers who were demonstrating their metalworking skills. In 1578, the London blacksmith Mark Scaliot produced a lock and chain that were attached to a flea.[1]: 315  The first recorded flea circus dates back to the early 1820s, when an Italian impresario called Louis Bertolotto advertised an "extraordinary exhibition of industrious fleas" on Regent Street, London.[2] Bertolotto's flea shows included "four card-playing fleas, a flea orchestra (allegedly playing audibly), and a reenactment of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo".[1]: 315  Bertolotto's book The History of the Flea (c. 1833) also promoted flea circuses.[1]: 314  Flea performances with military themes such as staged "sword fights" among fleas, were popular in the 19th century.[1]: 314 

Some flea circuses persisted in very small venues in the United States as late as the 1960s. The flea circus at Belle Vue Zoological Gardens, Manchester, England, was still operating in 1970. In 2013, there was still at least one genuine flea circus still performing (at the annual Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany[3]) and Svensons in the UK occasionally use real fleas, but most flea circuses are a sideline of magicians and clowns, and use electrical or mechanical effects instead of real fleas.

Techniques with real fleas

Fleas typically live only for a few months. They are observed to see if they have a predisposition for jumping or walking. Once sorted, they are harnessed by carefully wrapping a thin gold or copper wire around their neck.[4][1]: 317  Once in the harness, the fleas usually stay in it for life. The harnesses are attached to the props and the strong legs of the flea allow them to move objects significantly larger than themselves. Jumping fleas are used for kicking small lightweight balls. They are carefully given a ball; when they try to jump away (which is not possible because of the harness), they shoot the ball instead. Running fleas can pull small carts and vehicles or rotate a Ferris wheel.[5]

There are historical reports of fleas glued to the base of the flea circus enclosure. Miniature musical instruments were then glued to the flea performers and the enclosure was heated. The fleas fought to escape, giving the impression of playing instruments.[6]

Techniques without real fleas

Some flea circuses may appear to use real fleas, but in fact do not. A variety of electrical, magnetic, and mechanical devices have been used to augment exhibits. In some cases, these mechanisms are responsible for all of the "acts", with loose fleas in the exhibit maintaining the illusion. These circuses are known as "Humbug" flea circuses. Michael Bentine gave a mechanical flea circus a regular slot on his television show, It's a Square World in the 1960s.[7]

Performers
Fleas in dresses at Ye Olde Curiosity Shop, Seattle, WA

Current flea circuses:

  • Professor A.G. Gertsacov's Acme Miniature Flea Circus has been touring the United States and Canada since 1996.[8]
  • Svensons have been performing in the UK since 1999, and have appeared in media.[9]
  • Swami Bill's Flea Circus is featured at the Denver County Fair.[10][11]
  • Professor B's Flea Circus has been performing in Northern California, USA for the last few years.[12]
  • The Flohcircus Birk at the Munich Oktoberfest in Germany.[3][13]
  • Professor Humbug's Flea Circus performing at Seattle's famous Pike Place Market.[14]

In the 1990s, María Fernanda Cardoso toured the world with her installation art flea circus.[15]

Professor Heckler's flea circus (in residence at Hubert's Dime Museum in Times Square, New York until 1957) can be seen in the background of the films The Thief and Easy Rider. L. Bertolotto ran a famous flea circus in Regent Street, London.[16]

Main article: Flea circuses in popular culture

Flea circuses have featured in cartoons, films, television shows, music, and novels.[17][18][19][20]

References
  1. Nickell, Joe (2005). Secrets of the sideshows. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-7179-2. OCLC 65377460.
  2. Lawton, Graham (22 December 2012). "Fleadom or death: Reviving the glorious flea circus". New Scientist (2896). doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(12)63266-7.
  3. "Geschichte". Flohcirkus.de. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  4. Duplaix, Nicole (May 1988). "Fleas: Lethal Leapers". National Geographic: 690. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  5. Hund, Katze, Maus. 10 February 2010 VOX
  6. "Flea-Circus.com". Noonco.com. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
  7. "The rise and demise of the flea circus". BBC Radio4. BBC. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  8. "Acme Flea Circus Page". TrainedFleas.com.
  9. "A little about Svensons". Svensons World Famous Flea Circus.
  10. "Denver County Fair - Denver's own fairly weird County Fair at the National Western Complex". www.denvercountyfair.org.
  11. Torpey, Jodi (August 8, 2013). "Flea Circus is a Must See at Denver County Fair". Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  12. "Professor B's Flea Circus". Playland-Not-At-The-Beach.org. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
  13. "Oktoberfest Fun Rides". Munich.mydestinationinfo.com. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  14. "Puppets and Masks by Rob D'Arc". gallery.passion4art.com.
  15. John Fullerton; Jan Olsson (2004). Allegories of Communication: Intermedial Concerns from Cinema to the Digital. Indiana University Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-86196-651-6.
  16. L.Bertolotto The history of the flea
  17. "Thomas Koerfer filmography – The Death of a Flea Circus Director". Koerferfilm.com. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
  18. "Trumpet Warriors: Flea Circus". Barbican. 2011-03-03. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  19. "Fifi the Flea – The Hollies | Listen, Appearances, Song Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  20. Kast, Marlise. "Calendar – San Diego Magazine – February 2008 – San Diego, California". San Diego Magazine. Archived from the original on 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2010-09-21.

Further reading
  • "Fleas: The Lethal Leapers". National Geographic. 173 (5). May 1988.
  • Jay's Journal of Anomalies, ISBN 1-59372-000-9
  • Loving batbat by Gougou
  • Wild Tigers & Tame Fleas by William Ballantine, (1958)
  • Annals of the New York Stage by George C. Odel (Columbia University Press, New York, NY, 1928)
  • Bertolotto, L. The history of the flea: With notes and observations (2nd ed.). London: Crozier.
  • Bertolotto, L. (1876). The history of the flea: With notes and observations (5th ed.). New York: John Axford. OCLC 11028632.
  • The Compleat Flea by Brendan Lehan (London: John Murray, 1969)
  • The Faithful Annalist: Or The Epitome Of The English History (Whitwood, 1666)
  • "Old-Time Vaudeville Looks Young Again" New York Times, Nov 24, 2002
  • "Revive the Charm of an 1800s Show with These Modern-Day Flea Circuses" Smithsonian Online, November 29, 2017
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