Flemington, New Jersey

Flemington is a borough in and the county seat of Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.[18] Most of the borough is located in the Amwell Valley, a low-lying area of the Newark Basin, and the Raritan Valley, the South Branch of the Raritan River, which flows through the center of Flemington. Northwestern portions of the borough sit on the Hunterdon Plateau. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,876,[9] its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 295 (+6.4%) from the 2010 census count of 4,581,[19][20] which in turn reflected an increase of 381 (+9.1%) from the 4,200 counted in the 2000 census.[21]

Flemington, New Jersey
Borough
View southward along U.S. Route 202 in Flemington, June 2018
View southward along U.S. Route 202 in Flemington, June 2018
Official seal of Flemington, New Jersey
Seal
Location of Flemington in Hunterdon County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Hunterdon County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
Location of Flemington in Hunterdon County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Hunterdon County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
Census Bureau map of Flemington, New Jersey Interactive map of Flemington, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Flemington, New Jersey
Flemington is located in Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Flemington
Flemington
Location of Flemington in Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Flemington is located in New Jersey
Flemington
Flemington
Location of Flemington in New Jersey
Flemington is located in the United States
Flemington
Flemington
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.508641°N 74.859869°W / 40.508641; -74.859869[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyHunterdon
IncorporatedApril 26, 1910
Named forSamuel Fleming
Government
[3]
 • TypeBorough
 • BodyBorough Council
 • MayorMarcia A. Karrow (R, term ends December 31, 2026)[4][5]
 • Municipal clerkMichael Humphrey[6]
Area
[7]
 • Total1.08 sq mi (2.79 km2)
 • Land1.08 sq mi (2.79 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)  0.00%
 • Rank494th of 565 in state
22nd of 26 in county[1]
Elevation
[8]
180 ft (50 m)
Population
 (2020)[9]
 • Total4,876
 • Estimate 
(2022)[10]
4,906
 • Rank381st of 565 in state
8th of 26 in county[11]
 • Density4,514.8/sq mi (1,743.2/km2)
  • Rank130th of 565 in state
1st of 26 in county[11]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
08822[12][13]
Area code908[14]
FIPS code3401923700[1][15][16]
GNIS feature ID885220[1][17]
Websitewww.historicflemington.com

Flemington is an independent municipality completely surrounded by Raritan Township and is located near the geographic center of the township. Flemington was incorporated as an independent borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 7, 1910, based on the results of a referendum held on April 26, 1910, and was formally separated from Raritan Township.

History

18th century

Before European settlement, the land that comprises Flemington, as was all of Hunterdon County, was the territory of the Lenni Lenape Native Americans. In 1712, as part of a land parcel of 9,170 acres (37.1 km2), the Flemington area was acquired by William Penn and Daniel Coxe.

The surrounding fertile farmland dictated that the beginnings of Flemington were agricultural. Early German and English settlers engaged in industries dependent on farm products. As time passed poultry and dairy farms superseded crops in agricultural importance. An example of early settlement families was Johann David and Anna Maria Ephland, who emigrated in 1709 from Germany through London to New York and settled on his 147.5-acre (0.597 km2) farm in 1717. They raised their seven children, and two from his previous marriage, on the farm that now makes up the core of Flemington.

On December 14, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, a party of British dragoons led by Cornet Francis Geary raided a store owned by Thomas Lowrey near the Presbyterian Church in Flemington to seize a supply of guns. On their return to Pennington, local militia led by Captain John Schenck ambushed them and killed their commander. This skirmish is now known as the Ambush of Geary.[22]

In 1785, Flemington was chosen as the County Seat of Hunterdon. Fire destroyed the old courthouse in 1826 and the City of Lambertville made an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to have the seat relocated there. Flemington remained the County Seat and the Courthouse which stands today on Main Street was built.

19th century

Present-day Flemington was originally formed as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 14, 1870, within portions of Raritan Township. It became a village as of June 11, 1894, still within Raritan Township. Flemington was finally incorporated as an independent borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 7, 1910, based on the results of a referendum held on April 26, 1910, and was formally separated from Raritan Township. The borough's incorporation was confirmed on April 27, 1931.[23] the borough was named for Samuel Fleming.[24]

In 1856, the Hunterdon County Agricultural society purchased 40 acres (16 ha) of land that would accommodate the people, exhibits and livestock for the County (Flemington) Fair. The purpose of this Fair was to promote competition between farmers, stock raisers and machinery manufacturers. The fair was held every year at the Flemington Fairgrounds which also was the site of Flemington Fair Speedway, later Flemington Raceway.

20th century

From 1992 through 1995, the speedway hosted the Race of Champions, a race for modified racers.[25] The speedway hosted a NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series race from 1995 to 1998. In 2003, the County Fair adopted a new name, the Hunterdon County 4-H and Agricultural Fair, and moved to the South County Park in East Amwell Township.

On February 13, 1935, a jury in Flemington found Bruno Richard Hauptmann guilty of the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh's baby boy.[26] The Union Hotel, opposite the courthouse in which this trial took place, housed several journalists reporting on the event.

21st century

In the 2010s, local controversy erupted over proposed re-development of the shuttered Union Hotel.

Historic landmarks
The historic Dvoor Farm is currently the headquarters for the county-wide Hunterdon Land Trust.[27][28]

By 1980, 65% of Flemington borough had been included on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and is now on the National Register of Historic Places as the Flemington Historic District.

  • Union Hotel – Early 19th century hotel in downtown Flemington that served as a restaurant until its 2008 closure. The current structure dates to 1877, built on the site of what had been a stagecoach stop that dates to 1814.[29]
  • Hunterdon County Courthouse – Historic court house where the Lindbergh Trial took place. Now used for County offices.
  • Fleming Castle / Samuel Fleming House – First house in Flemington, 5 Bonnell Street. Purchased by the Borough of Flemington in 2005 and operated as a historical museum by the Friends of Fleming Castle.[30]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.08 square miles (2.79 km2), all of which was land.[1][2] Flemington is completely surrounded by Raritan Township,[31][32] making it part one of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.[33]

Climate
Climate data for Flemington, New Jersey (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1898–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 74
(23)		 78
(26)		 88
(31)		 95
(35)		 99
(37)		 102
(39)		 106
(41)		 108
(42)		 105
(41)		 97
(36)		 84
(29)		 75
(24)		 108
(42)
Average high °F (°C) 37.8
(3.2)		 40.9
(4.9)		 49.6
(9.8)		 62.5
(16.9)		 72.4
(22.4)		 80.9
(27.2)		 85.9
(29.9)		 84.1
(28.9)		 77.4
(25.2)		 65.0
(18.3)		 53.3
(11.8)		 42.8
(6.0)		 62.7
(17.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.2
(−1.6)		 31.3
(−0.4)		 39.3
(4.1)		 50.6
(10.3)		 60.5
(15.8)		 69.5
(20.8)		 74.6
(23.7)		 72.7
(22.6)		 65.7
(18.7)		 53.6
(12.0)		 43.2
(6.2)		 34.5
(1.4)		 52.1
(11.2)
Average low °F (°C) 20.6
(−6.3)		 21.8
(−5.7)		 29.0
(−1.7)		 38.7
(3.7)		 48.6
(9.2)		 58.0
(14.4)		 63.3
(17.4)		 61.4
(16.3)		 54.0
(12.2)		 42.3
(5.7)		 33.2
(0.7)		 26.2
(−3.2)		 41.4
(5.2)
Record low °F (°C) −18
(−28)		 −16
(−27)		 −6
(−21)		 10
(−12)		 25
(−4)		 34
(1)		 41
(5)		 37
(3)		 27
(−3)		 18
(−8)		 2
(−17)		 −14
(−26)		 −18
(−28)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.93
(100)		 3.11
(79)		 4.52
(115)		 4.14
(105)		 4.28
(109)		 4.77
(121)		 4.94
(125)		 4.24
(108)		 4.39
(112)		 4.46
(113)		 3.50
(89)		 4.66
(118)		 50.94
(1,294)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 6.2
(16)		 9.4
(24)		 5.7
(14)		 0.9
(2.3)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.4
(1.0)		 4.5
(11)		 27.1
(69)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.6 9.1 10.8 11.6 12.9 11.5 10.9 10.6 8.6 10.0 9.0 10.9 126.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.2 3.6 2.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.3 13.7
Source: NOAA[34][35]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18601,174—
18701,41220.3%
18801,75124.0%
18901,97712.9%
19002,1458.5%
19102,69325.5%
19202,590−3.8%
19302,7295.4%
19402,617−4.1%
19503,05816.9%
19603,2325.7%
19703,91721.2%
19804,1325.5%
19904,047−2.1%
20004,2003.8%
20104,5819.1%
20204,8766.4%
2022 (est.)4,906[10]0.6%
Population sources: 1860–1920[36]
1870[37][38] 1880–1890[39]
1890–1910[40] 1910–1930[41]
1940–2000[42] 2000[43][44]
2010[19][20] 2020[9]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 4,581 people, 1,815 households, and 996 families in the borough. The population density was 4,252.2 per square mile (1,641.8/km2). There were 1,926 housing units at an average density of 1,787.8 per square mile (690.3/km2). The racial makeup was 78.48% (3,595) White, 3.93% (180) Black or African American, 0.31% (14) Native American, 5.81% (266) Asian, 0.02% (1) Pacific Islander, 8.71% (399) from other races, and 2.75% (126) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.15% (1,198) of the population.[19]

Of the 1,815 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18; 37.6% were married couples living together; 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 45.1% were non-families. Of all households, 37.1% were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.20.[19]

22.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 105.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 106.9 males.[19]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $54,261 (with a margin of error of +/− $15,065) and the median family income was $66,042 (+/− $12,761). Males had a median income of $45,934 (+/− $5,574) versus $47,917 (+/− $11,616) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $31,407 (+/− $3,648). About 14.0% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.0% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.[45]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census[15] there were 4,202 people, 1,804 households, and 997 families residing in the borough. The population density was 3,927.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,516.4/km2). There were 1,876 housing units at an average density of 1,754.2 per square mile (677.3/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 89.71% White, 1.19% African American, 0.31% Native American, 3.12% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 3.14% from other races, and 2.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.98% of the population.[43][44]

There were 1,804 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.7% were non-families. 37.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.00.[43][44]

In the borough, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 36.9% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.[43][44]

The median income for a household in the borough was $39,886, and the median income for a family was $51,582. Males had a median income of $38,594 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $23,769. About 5.0% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.[43][44]

Government
Hunterdon County Courthouse in the Flemington Historic District, where Bruno Hauptmann was tried

Local government

Flemington is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.[46] The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[3] The borough form of government used by Flemington, the most common system used in the state, is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[47][48]

As of 2023, the mayor of Flemington Borough is Republican Marcia A. Karrow, whose term of office ends December 31, 2026. Members of the Flemington Borough Council are Council President Jeremy Long (D, 2025), Council Vice President Kimberly A. Tilly (R, 2023), Susan D.M. Engelhardt (D, 2025), Malik Johnston (D, 2023), Anthony "Tony" Parker (D, 2024; elected to serve an unexpired term) and Elizabeth Rosetti (D, 2024).[4][49][50][51][52][53][54]

In January 2019, the borough council selected Jeffrey Doshna from a list of three candidates selected by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2020 that was vacated by Betsy Driver when she took office earlier that month as mayor.[55] Doshna served on an interim basis until the November 2019 general election, when Republican Kimberly A. Tilly was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.[56]

In March 2022, Democrat Caitlin Giles-McCormick, who had started her new term of office on January 1 of that year, resigned from office.[57]

Police

The borough's police department operates under Chief of police Jerry Rotella, with one sergeant, one corporal, two detectives, 10 patrolmen and a parking enforcement officer. The department offers a Police Explorer program composed of 20 youth participants.[58]

Federal, state and county representation

Flemington is located in the 7th Congressional District[59] and is part of New Jersey's 16th state legislative district.[60][61][62]

For the 118th United States Congress. New Jersey's Seventh Congressional District is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield).[63] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[64] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[65][66]

For the 2022–2023 session, the 16th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Andrew Zwicker (D, South Brunswick) and in the General Assembly by Roy Freiman (D, Hillsborough Township) and Sadaf Jaffer (D, Montgomery Township).[67]

Hunterdon County is governed by a Board of Chosen Commissioners comprised of five members who are elected at-large on a partisan basis to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held each January, the commissioners select one member to serve as the board's Director and another to serve as Deputy Director, each for a one-year term.[68][69] As of 2023, Hunterdon County's Commissioners are Commissioner Director Zachary T. Rich (R; West Amwell Township, term as commissioner ends December 31, 2025; term as director ends 2023),[70] Deputy Director Jeff Kuhl (R; Raritan Township, elected to to serve an unexpired term ending 2024; term as deputy director ends 2023)[71] John E. Lanza (R; Raritan Township, 2025),[72] Susan Soloway (R; Franklin Township, 2024)[73] and Shaun C. Van Doren (R; Tewksbury Township, 2023).[74][75]

Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are: Clerk Mary H. Melfi (R; Flemington, 2026),[76][77] Sheriff Fredrick W. Brown (R; Alexandria Township, 2025)[78][79] and Surrogate Susan J. Hoffman (R; Kingwood Township, 2023).[80][81]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 2,037 registered voters in Flemington, of which 521 (25.6%) were registered as Democrats, 633 (31.1%) were registered as Republicans and 880 (43.2%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[82]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 50.4% of the vote (732 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 47.5% (689 votes), and other candidates with 2.1% (31 votes), among the 1,467 ballots cast by the borough's 2,157 registered voters (15 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 68.0%.[83][84] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 49.9% of the vote (794 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 47.1% (750 votes) and other candidates with 2.1% (34 votes), among the 1,591 ballots cast by the borough's 2,118 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.1%.[85] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 50.0% of the vote (761 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 49.9% (760 votes) and other candidates with 1.3% (25 votes), among the 1,523 ballots cast by the borough's 1,966 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 77.5.[86]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.1% of the vote (656 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 29.3% (282 votes), and other candidates with 2.6% (25 votes), among the 994 ballots cast by the borough's 2,117 registered voters (31 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 47.0%.[87][88] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 54.6% of the vote (601 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 32.2% (354 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 10.2% (112 votes) and other candidates with 1.8% (20 votes), among the 1,101 ballots cast by the borough's 2,032 registered voters, yielding a 54.2% turnout.[89]

Education

Students in public school for pre-kindergarten through eighth grade attend the Flemington-Raritan Regional School District, which also serves children from the neighboring community of Raritan Township.[90][91][92] As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,079 students and 327.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.4:1.[93] The district consists of four K–4 elementary schools, one intermediate school for grades 5 and 6 and a middle school for grades 7 and 8.[94] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[95]) are Barley Sheaf School[96] (350 students; in grades K–4, located in Flemington), Copper Hill School[97] (413; Pre-K–4, Ringoes), Francis A. Desmares School[98] (447; K–4, Flemington), Robert Hunter School[99] (388; K–4, Flemington), Reading-Fleming Intermediate School,[100] (682; 5–6, Flemington) and J. P. Case Middle School[101] (781; 7–8, Flemington).[102][103] Flemington is allocated two of the nine seats on the regional district's board of education.[104]

Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Hunterdon Central Regional High School, part of the Hunterdon Central Regional High School District, which serves students in central Hunterdon County from Flemington and from Delaware Township, East Amwell Township, Raritan Township and Readington Township.[105][106] As of the 2018–2019 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 2,844 students and 238.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1.[107] Seats on the high school district's nine-member board of education are allocated based in the population of the five constituent municipalities who participate in the school district, with one seat allocated to Flemington.[108]

Eighth grade students from all of Hunterdon County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Hunterdon County Vocational School District, a county-wide vocational school district that offers career and technical education at its campuses in Raritan Township and at programs sited at local high schools, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.[109]

Transportation
U.S. Route 202 and Route 31 in Flemington
Aerial photo of Flemington Circle, as seen in 1995. A strip mall featuring a HomeGoods and a Jos A. Bank, and other stores has since been built on the field in the bottom right corner.

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 13.85 miles (22.29 km) of roadways, of which 12.09 miles (19.46 km) were maintained by the municipality, 0.17 miles (0.27 km) by Hunterdon County and 1.59 miles (2.56 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[110]

Several major roads that pass through the borough.[111] These include U.S. Route 202,[112] Route 31[113] and Route 12.[114]

Flemington Circle is the largest of three traffic circles in the Flemington area and sits just to the southeast of Flemington's historic downtown. U.S. Route 202 and Route 31 approach the circle separately from the north and continue south concurrently, and the circle is the eastern terminus of Route 12. It is one of only a rapidly diminishing number of New Jersey's once-widespread traffic circles still extant according to its original design. The circle sees significant congestion on weekends because of the new developments and big-box retailers. The circle also sees a higher rate of traffic accidents and violations than any other region of Flemington and Raritan Township. Unlike most circles, traffic on US 202 does not yield on entry; US 202, being a main four-lane divided highway, gets the right of way.[115]

One other traffic circle exists on Route 12 at Mine Street west of the Flemington Circle, where Route 12 traffic has the right of way. The intersection of Route 12 and Main Street west of the Flemington Circle was converted to a roundabout in 2009.[116]

Public transportation

Trans-Bridge Lines provides frequent daily bus service, west to Doylestown / Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and east to Newark Liberty International Airport, the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan and John F. Kennedy International Airport.[117] Round-trip tickets to the PABT cost $15.

The Hunterdon County LINK provide local bus service on Routes 16 / 19 / 21 which operate to / from Raritan Township, Route 23 to / from Bridgewater Commons Mall and Somerville; Route 15 to Hampton; Route 14 to / from Lambertville; and Route 17 / 18 between Milford and Clinton.[118]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Flemington include:

References
  1. 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  2. US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 103.
  4. Elected Officials, Borough of Flemington. Accessed February 14, 2023.
  5. 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
  6. Borough Clerk, Borough of Flemington. Accessed February 14, 2023.
  7. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  8. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Borough of Flemington, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.
  9. Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  10. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022, United States Census Bureau, released May 2023. Accessed May 18, 2023.
  11. Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  12. Look Up a ZIP Code for Flemington, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed August 7, 2012.
  13. Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 28, 2013.
  14. Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Flemington, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 12, 2013.
  15. U.S. Census website, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  16. Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.
  17. US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  18. New Jersey County Map, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  19. DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Flemington borough, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 7, 2012.
  20. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Flemington borough Archived July 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed August 7, 2012.
  21. Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  22. Mott, George Scudder (1894). History of the Presbyterian Church in Flemington, New Jersey. pp. 14–17. OCLC 1046526468.
  23. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 155. Accessed August 7, 2012.
  24. Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 31, 2015.
  25. Archived July 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Race of Champions. Accessed July 10, 2014.
  26. The Learning Network. "Feb. 13, 1935 | Lindbergh Baby Kidnapper Found Guilty of Murder", The New York Times, February 13, 2012. Accessed July 10, 2014. "On Feb. 13, 1935, a jury in Flemington, N.J., found Bruno Richard Hauptmann guilty of first-degree murder in the kidnapping-death of the infant son of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Lindbergh."
  27. The Dvoor Farm. History and Culture. Accessed March 16, 2021.
  28. Hunterdon Land Trust. Accessed March 16, 2021.
  29. Brickman, Rachael S. "Union Hotel closes; liquor license stays", NJ.com, September 26, 2008. Accessed July 10, 2014. "The Union Hotel, which sits on an acre of property across the street from the old courthouse, got its start as a stagecoach stop called Hart's Hotel in 1814. It was rebuilt several times over the years, and reached its current form in 1877."
  30. The Small House that is a Big Mystery Archived November 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Fleming Castle Museum. Accessed July 10, 2014.
  31. Areas touching Flemington, MapIt. Accessed March 30, 2020.
  32. Map of County Municipalities, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed July 30, 2023.
  33. DeMarco, Megan. "Voters to decide whether to merge two Princetons into one", The Star-Ledger, November 3, 2011. Accessed January 8, 2017. "There are 22 sets of 'doughnut towns' in New Jersey, those where one town wraps around the other town". Note that following voter approval of the Princeton, New Jersey, merger, 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" remain.
  34. "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  35. "Station: Flemington 5 NNW, NJ". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  36. Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed October 12, 2013.
  37. Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, p. 267, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed October 12, 2013. "Raritan township was formed from Amwell in 1838. Its population in 1850 was 3,070; in 1860, 2,270; and in 1870, 3,654. Flemington the county seat is in this township. Its population in 1870 was 1,412. In the vicinity of Flemington are valuable copper mines."
  38. Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed October 12, 2013.
  39. Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 97. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed October 12, 2013.
  40. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 335. Accessed October 12, 2013. No population is listed for Flemington.
  41. Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 717. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  42. Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  43. Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Flemington borough, New Jersey Archived July 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 7, 2012.
  44. DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Flemington borough, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 7, 2012.
  45. DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Flemington borough, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 7, 2012.
  46. Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  47. Cerra, Michael F. "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask" Archived September 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey State League of Municipalities. Accessed November 30, 2014.
  48. "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 6. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  49. 2022 Municipal Data Sheet, Borough of Flemington. Accessed April 17, 2022.
  50. Borough of Flemington, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed May 5, 2023.
  51. 2022 County and Municipal Directory, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  52. Hunterdon County District Canvass November 8, 2022, General Election, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, updated November 21, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
  53. November 2, 2021 District Report Hunterdon County Official Results, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, updated November 12, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  54. November 3, 2020 District Report Hunterdon County Official Results, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, updated November 20, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  55. January 28, 2019 Council Meeting Minutes, Borough of Flemington. Accessed November 17, 2019 "I. Filling of Vacant Council Seat Through Nov. 5, 2019 General Election... Ms. Giles-McCormick nominated Jeffrey Doshna for the vacant council seat. Mr. Runion seconded. All current council members voted yes. Mr. Doshna was named to the vacant council seat until the November 5, 2019 General Election."
  56. Hunterdon County District Canvass November 5, 2019, General Election, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, updated November 14, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  57. Massand, Rikki. "Caitlin Giles-McCormick Resigns from Flemington Borough Council", TAP into Flemington / Raritan, March 14, 2022. Accessed April 17, 2022. "Flemington Borough Councilwoman Caitlin Giles-McCormick announced her resignation from the council at Monday’s borough meeting. After serving as council president in 2021 and winning reelection to a new three-year term in November, Giles-McCormick announced she is resigning from the council, effective March 18."
  58. Borough Administration, Borough of Flemington. Accessed August 20, 2012.
  59. Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  60. Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  61. 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.
  62. Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  63. "Congressman Malinowski Fights For The Corporate Transparency Act", Tom Malinowski, press release dated October 23, 2019. Accessed January 19, 2022. "My name, Tom Malinowski. My address, 86 Washington Street, Rocky Hill, NJ 08553."
  64. U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  65. Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "Menendez, who started his political career in Union City, moved in September from Paramus to one of Harrison's new apartment buildings near the town's PATH station.."
  66. Home, sweet home: Bob Menendez back in Hudson County. nj.com. Accessed April 30, 2021. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  67. Legislative Roster for District 16, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 11, 2022.
  68. Board of County Commissioners, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023. "As top governing officials of Hunterdon County, the five Commissioners are chosen by popular vote in the November general elections. The term of office is for two or three years and the current compensation is $16,000 a year, with an extra $1,000 for the Director. One or two of the five members is elected each year."
  69. Elected and Appointed Officials, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  70. Zachary T. Rich, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  71. Jeff Kuhl, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  72. John E. Lanza, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  73. Susan Soloway, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  74. Shaun C. Van Doren, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2025.
  75. 2022 County Data Sheet, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  76. Clerk Mary H. Melfi, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  77. Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  78. Meet the Sheriff, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  79. Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  80. Surrogate Susan J. Hoffman, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  81. Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  82. Voter Registration Summary - Hunterdon, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 14, 2012.
  83. "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Hunterdon County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  84. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Hunterdon County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  85. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Hunterdon County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 14, 2012.
  86. 2004 Presidential Election: Hunterdon County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 14, 2012.
  87. "Governor - Hunterdon County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  88. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Hunterdon County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  89. 2009 Governor: Hunterdon County Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 14, 2012.
  90. Flemington Raritan Regional Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades K through 8 in the Flemington-Raritan School District. The Flemington-Raritan School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Flemington Borough and Raritan Township."
  91. Flemington-Raritan Regional School District 2016 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed September 25, 2017. "The Flemington-Raritan School District (FRSD) is a regional, pre-K-8 district serving the children, parents and residents of Flemington Borough and Raritan Township, an area encompassing 38 square miles. Our nearly 3,200 students, 375 certified staff, and our support staff are housed in six buildings: four elementary (pre K-4), an intermediate school (5-6), and a middle school (7-8). Our graduates complete their 9-12 education at the Hunterdon Central Regional High School."
  92. 2019-2020 Public School Directory, Hunterdon County Department of Education. Accessed November 17, 2019.
  93. District information for Flemington-Raritan Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  94. Overview, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed November 17, 2019. "The Flemington-Raritan School District (FRSD) is a regional, pre-K-8 district serving the children, parents and residents of Flemington Borough and Raritan Township, an area encompassing 38 square miles. Our nearly 3,100 students, 375 certified staff, and our support staff are housed in six buildings: four elementary (pre K-4), an intermediate school (5-6), and a middle school (7-8). Our graduates complete their 9-12 education at the Hunterdon Central Regional High School."
  95. School Data for the Flemington-Raritan Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  96. Barley Sheaf School, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020.
  97. Copper Hill School, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020.
  98. Francis A. Desmares School, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020.
  99. Robert Hunter School, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020.
  100. Reading-Fleming Intermediate School, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020.
  101. J. P. Case Middle School, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020.
  102. 2019-2020 District Handbook, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020.
  103. New Jersey School Directory for the Flemington-Raritan Regional School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed November 1, 2019.
  104. Board of Education, Flemington-Raritan Regional School District. Accessed April 17, 2020. "Welcome to the Flemington-Raritan School District Board of Education. The Board is comprised of nine, volunteer members, with seven members elected from Raritan Township and two members elected from Flemington Borough. Members are elected to three-year terms on the November general election day."
  105. Hunterdon Central Regional Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Hunterdon Central Regional High School. Accessed April 17, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades nine through twelve in the Hunterdon Central Regional High School District. Composition: The Hunterdon Central Regional High School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of, Delaware Township, East Amwell, Flemington Boro, Raritan Township, and Readington Township."
  106. Hunterdon Central Regional High School District 2016 Report Card Narrative Archived September 26, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 17, 2020. "Located in beautiful, historic Hunterdon County in central New Jersey, Hunterdon Central Regional High School serves the five municipalities of Delaware Township, East Amwell Township, Flemington Borough, Raritan Township and Readington Township. The District is comprised of 152.5 square miles and has a population of approximately 51,468 residents."
  107. School data for Hunterdon Central Regional High School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  108. Board of Education, Hunterdon Central Regional High School. Accessed April 17, 2020. "The Hunterdon Central Regional Board of Education is comprised of nine members, elected by constituents in the five municipalities whose students attend Hunterdon Central Regional High School: one each from Delaware Township, East Amwell Township and the Borough of Flemington; three each from Raritan Township and Readington Township."
  109. Heyboer, Kelly. "How to get your kid a seat in one of N.J.'s hardest-to-get-into high schools", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 2017. Accessed November 18, 2019. "Hunterdon County's vo-tech district has three academies for high-achieving students, all operating in partnerships with local high schools.... The academies are open to all students in the county. Students in the 8th grade are required to submit an application, schedule an interview and take a placement exam."
  110. Hunterdon County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  111. Hunterdon County Highway Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  112. U.S. Route 202 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2017. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  113. Route 31 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2017. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  114. Route 12 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated March 2016. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  115. Slaght, Veronica. "Confusing Flemington traffic circles to go in new directions", The Star-Ledger, March 15, 2009. Accessed April 4, 2013.
  116. NJDOT to reconfigure the Route 12 and Main Street traffic circle in Flemington, New Jersey Department of Transportation press release, July 24, 2009. Accessed January 1, 2016. "Commissioner Stephen Dilts today announced that the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) will begin a $2.6 million project to convert the existing Route 12 and Main Street traffic circle in Flemington Borough, Hunterdon County into a modern roundabout."
  117. Flemington to New York Eastbound to New York City, Newark Airport AND JFK Airport, Trans-Bridge Lines. Accessed January 1, 2017.
  118. Bus Routes, Ride the LINK. Accessed November 18, 2019.
  119. Aruna, SoundClick. Accessed November 19, 2012. "Born in Flemington, New Jersey, Aruna's serpentine route to the present included jazz piano and film scoring studies at Berklee College of Music in Boston, a stop in Miami, where she joined Roadrunner recording artists, Cynic; a return to Boston to earn a degree from Berklee, and ultimately a move to the West Coast."
  120. Weinberg, Judy. "Special Reporr: Life After Football / New York's Class of '85: / Players from the Giants' and Jets' 1985 teams have experienced various levels of success and failure since leaving the NFL.", Newsday, January 16, 1997. Accessed July 10, 2014. "Brad Benson Jaguar / Mitsubishi, Monmouth Junction, N.J. Married. Has two artificial hips because of NFL injuries. Married. Resides: Flemington, N.J."
  121. John Taylor Bird, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 20, 2012.
  122. Staff. "Samuel L. Bodine, G.O.P. Leader, Dies", The New York Times, September 16, 1958. Accessed August 20, 2012. "From 1928 to 1936, he served as Mayor of Flemington."
  123. Staff. "Flemington native's book The Right Word: Roget and His Thesaurus wins national awards", Hunterdon County Democrat, February 6, 2015. Accessed September 5, 2022. "The author is the former Jennifer Fisher of Flemington, a 1978 graduate of Hunterdon Central High School."
  124. "Program Spotlight: How Football Saved Jason Cabinda; From Pop Warner to Linebacker U, how football saved Penn State's Jason Cabinda" Archived July 2, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Penn State Sports, October 23, 2017. Accessed July 2, 2018. "When the Cabinda family relocated to Flemington, New Jersey, he was a child, life was good."
  125. Fox, Lauren. "Judith A. Gilbride: An Inspiring Educator for the Nutrition and Dietetics Field", Food & Nutrition, August 31, 2018. Accessed July 25, 2019. "Born in Flemington, N.J., Edith Marjorie Hulsizer (later Copher) attended Oberlin College in Ohio and graduated from Simmons College in Boston."
  126. Jack Cust player profile, Oakland Athletics. Accessed July 10, 2014. "Full Name: John Joseph Cust; Born: 1/7/1979 in Flemington, NJ"
  127. Aberjhani; West, Sandra L. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance, p. 109. Infobase Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1438130171. "Arthur Huff Fauset was born in Flemington, New Jersey, on January 20, 1899."
  128. Lustig, Jay. "E Street Band member Danny Federici is dead at 58", The Star-Ledger, April 17, 2008. Accessed July 10, 2014. "Keyboardist Federici, a Flemington native, played his last full show with the band in Boston in November before beginning treatment."
  129. Staff. "Arthur F. Foran, Ex-Port Aide, Dies", The New York Times, December 16, 1961. Accessed August 20, 2012. "A native of Port Chester, N. Y., he went to live in Flemington with his parents at the age of 11."
  130. Maxwell, Evan. Hollywood Star Walk - Dick Foran, Los Angeles Times, August 11, 1979. Accessed June 29, 2013. "Born John Foran on June 18, 1910 in Flemington, NJ"
  131. Staff. "Walter Foran, State Senator And G.O.P. Official in Jersey", The New York Times, December 10, 1986. Accessed June 29, 2013. "Walter E. Foran, a State Senator in New Jersey since 1977, died Monday at the Hunterdon County Medical Center. He was 67 years old and lived in Flemington, N.J."
  132. Politi, Steve. "How an old N.J. roller rink became the starting line for Winter Olympics glory", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, February 11, 2022. Accessed February 17, 2022. "Kimi Goetz, a Team USA speedskater from Flemington who is competing in the Beijing Olympics, started her career at Frenchtown Roller Rink as an inline skater."
  133. John A. Hanna, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 20, 2012.
  134. Rachna Korhonen, United States Department of State. Accessed April 17, 2022. "She is from Flemington, New Jersey."
  135. John Patterson Bryan Maxwell, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 20, 2012.
  136. Mynatt, Jenai. Something about the Author, Volume 146, p. 187. Gale, 2004. Accessed June 16, 2015.
  137. Smith, Patrick. "Whatever Happened To: The Little Old Lady From Pasadena? A PHS Collectorcarworld Investigation", PHS Collectorcarworld, January 8, 2014. Accessed July 10, 2014. "Born Kathryn White in NY, New York in 1892, Kathryn married Samuel Minner in 1914 in the city of Newark, New Jersey. They settled down in Flemington, New Jersey and raised kids."
  138. Charlie Morton, The Baseball Cube. Accessed July 10, 2014.
  139. William Edward Purcell, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 20, 2012.
  140. Tucker Richardson, Colgate Raiders men's basketball. Accessed February 28, 2023. "Hometown: Flemington, N.J.; Previous Team: Hunterdon Central; Prev School: Blair Academy"
  141. Keveney, Bill. "Endearing odd couples sign off with panache", USA Today July 5, 2005. Accessed August 20, 2012. "Rubin, 22, of Flemington, N.J., is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Brandeis."
  142. Brian Snyder, Baseball Almanac. Accessed June 16, 2015.
  143. Roth, Thomas. "Red Wings add Bob Boughner and Alex Westlund to coaching staff", Detroit Red Wings, July 8, 2022. Accessed March 1, 2023. "The Flemington Village, N.J., native joined the Capitals' organization after spending two years in Germany as the goalie coach with Augsburger Panther Eishockey Club in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga from 2015-17, in addition to working in the same capacity for Medvescak Zagreb of the Kontinental Hockey League during the 2016-17 season."
  144. Brian White, Duke Blue Devils men's soccer. Accessed January 20, 2018. "Hometown: Flemington, N.J.; High School: Hunterdon Central Regional"
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flemington, New Jersey.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Flemington.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.