Florina (regional unit)

Florina (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Φλώρινας, Perifereiakí Enótita Flórinas) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia, Greece. Its capital is the town of Florina with a population of around 49.500 (2019)

Florina
Περιφερειακή Ενότητα
Φλώρινας
Regional unit
Florina within Greece
Florina within Greece
Municipalities of Florina
Municipalities of Florina
Coordinates: 40°45′N 21°25′E
CountryGreece
Administrative regionWestern Macedonia
Geographic regionMacedonia
CapitalFlorina
Area
 • Total1,924 km2 (743 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total45,162
 • Density23/km2 (61/sq mi)
 [1]
Time zoneUTC+2
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal codes
53x xx
Area codes238x0, 246x0
ISO 3166 codeGR-63
Car platesΡΑ*
Websitewww.florina.gr

Geography
Pisoderi ski resort
Lake Prespa

Florina borders the regional units of Pella to the east, Kozani to the south and Kastoriá to the southwest. At the Greek international borders, it is adjacent to Albania (Korçë County) to the west, North Macedonia (Bitola and Resen municipalities) to the north and Lake Prespa to the northwest, where the two borders cross each other. Lake Vegoritida is situated in the east.

Mountains in the regional unit include Verno (2,128 m or 6,982 ft), Varnous (2,117 m or 6,946 ft) and Voras (2,524 m or 8,281 ft).

Administration
Florina
Nymfaio

As from 2011 the regional unit of Florina is subdivided into 3 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):[2]

Prefecture

Florina was created as a prefecture (Greek: Νομός Φλώρινας, Nomós Flórinas) in 1915. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Florina was created out of the former prefecture Florina. The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below.[2]

New municipalityOld municipalitiesSeat
AmyntaioAmyntaioAmyntaio
Aetos
Variko
Lechovo
Nymfaio
Filotas
FlorinaFlorinaFlorina
Kato Kleines
Meliti
Perasma
PrespesPrespesLaimos
Krystallopigi

Demographics

The demographic composition of the area the 19th and early 20th centuries is unclear as many factors contributed to the ethnic orientation of the people; out of these religion was particularly important thus giving rise to a proselytism struggle between the Greek Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Bulgarian Exarchate (established in 1870). In 1886, 78.4% of the Christian population of the Florina kaza (district) - a part of Manastir Vilayet (province) - was aligned with the Ecumenical Patriarchate and 21.6% with the Bulgarian Exarchate, however by 1900 the Patriarchatists had dropped to 50.9% and Exarchatists had risen to 49.1%.[3] In 1914 the majority of the Christian population of the Florina district was recorded as Exarchist Bulgarian (59%), 70% of whom were monolingual in Bulgarian only.[4]

The 1920s was a period of migration, displacement, deportation and a voluntary exchange of populations between Greece and Bulgaria, during which the Greek government aimed to remove Slavic-speakers with fanatic Bulgarian sentiments from Greek Macedonia.[5] In 1925, according to the Prefect of Florina 52% of the population were schismatics (up from about 20% in 1886), 25% were Patriarchists, 15% were refugees, 6% were Vlachs (Aromanians) and 3% were indigenous Greeks.[6] According to government sources, in 1925 there were 45,527 Slav speakers, of whom 34,234 former Exarchists and 11,293 former Patriarchists; 7449 Greek refugees; 3590 Vlachs (Aromanians); 1882 indigenous Greeks; 349 Jews and 27 Muslim Albanians.[7] According to Kollopoulos in 1925 the recorded Slav Macedonians were 64,465 and constituted 64% of the population of the district of Florina, of whom 28,673 were schismatic.[8] The 1928 census showed 38,562 Slavic speakers in the nome of Florina or 31% of the population, but according to contemporary Greek authors the numbers of this census "clearly" do not reflect the actual strength of the minority as a result of official policy and Greek government of reluctance.[9] According to the Prefect of Florina, P. Kalligas, in 1930 there were 76,370 (61%), of whom 61,950 (49% of the population) lacked Greek consciousness, while his successor V. Balkos estimates those speaking Bulgarian as 75-80% of the population of the nome in 1931.[9] According to the Prefect of Florina, in 1935 of 11,683 families 56% had Slavic national consciousness , while 41.3% were "foreign speakers" with Greek national consciousness.[10]

According to the 2011 census, the population of Florina regional unit was 51,414 people.[1] The local Greek population includes a linguistic minority of bilingual Slavophones, who in the early 1990s formed about 64% of the rural population and about 16% of the prefecture's total population.[11][12] Anastasia Karakasidou estimated that 80% of the population of Florina Prefecture is either Slavic-speaking or descended from Slavic-speaking families.[13] There are also around 1,200 Slavophones—approximately 2% of the local population—who profess an ethnic Macedonian identity.[14] There also exist smaller communities of Aromanians and Arvanites, which today mostly have an ethnic Greek identity.

A diverse range of dialects are spoken in the regional unit alongside the official standard and local Macedonian varieties of Greek.[15] A minority of people speak the local ethnic Macedonian dialects and especially the Lower Prespa dialect and the Prilep-Bitola dialect.

Agriculture

Florina is rich in agriculture. The main production are peppers, beans and peaches. Beans are produced near Lake Prespa.

Transport

The main roads of Florina regional unit are Greek National Road 2 (Albania - Krystallopigi - Florina - Edessa - ...), Greek National Road 3 (North Macedonia - Niki - Florina - Amyntaio - Kozani - ...) and Greek National Road 15 (Agios Germanos - Kastoria - ...). The Thessaloniki–Bitola railway runs through the regional unit, as of 2014 used by passenger trains between Florina and Thessaloniki.[16]

See also

References
  1. "Detailed census results 2011" (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (xls 2,7 MB) on 2013-12-25.
  2. "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  3. Richard Clogg, Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society, pp. 123-124
  4. Clogg, Richard (2002). Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. Hurst. p. 127. ISBN 9781850657057.
  5. Clogg, Richard (2002). Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. Hurst. pp. 129–131. ISBN 9781850657057.
  6. Clogg, Richard (2002). Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. Hurst. p. 132. ISBN 9781850657057.
  7. Kontogiorgi, Elisabeth (2006). Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Rural Settlement of Refugees 1922-1930. Clarendon Press. p. 250. ISBN 9780191515552.
  8. Koliopoulos, Giannēs (1999). Λεηλασία Φρονημάτων: Το Μακεδονικό Ζήτημα Στα Χρόνια Της Κατοχής Και Του Εμφυλίου Πολέμου Στη Δυτική Μακεδονία, 1941-1949. Hurst. p. 39. ISBN 9781850653813.
  9. Mavrogordatos, George Th (1983). Stillborn Republic: Social Coalitions and Party Strategies in Greece, 1922-1936. University of California Press. p. 247. ISBN 9780520043589. The Prefect of Florina (P. Kalligas) to Venizelos, Report No. 3394, 26 February 1930, VA File 107. His alarmist successor estimates those speaking "Bulgarian" as 75-80% of the nome's population. See the Prefect of Florina (V. Balkos) to Venizelos, 10 March 1932, WA File 110. 68.
  10. Clogg, Richard (2002). Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. Hurst. ISBN 9781850657057.
  11. Roudometof, Victor (2002). Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 124. ISBN 0-275-97648-3.
  12. Usage des langues minoritaires dans les départements de Florina et d’Aridea (Macédoine); Riki Van Boeschoten
  13. Ammon, Ulrich (2006). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110184181.
  14. In the 2009 European elections in Greece, 1,195 people from Florina Prefecture voted for the Rainbow Party, which represents what it regards as the ethnic Macedonian minority in Greece.
  15. Van Boeschoten, Riki (2001). "Usage des langues minoritaires dans les départements de Florina et d'Aridea (Macédoine)". Strates (10). doi:10.4000/strates.381. S2CID 161802924.
  16. Thessaloniki - Edessa - Florina railway schedule
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