Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld

On 18 January 1868, Emperor Franz Joseph I appointed Kuhn Imperial and Royal Minister of War. He served until 14 June 1874, during which time a set of identical Austrian and Hungarian laws were passed which introduced a unified system of conscription[2][3] in both parts of Austria-Hungary, and to finally end corporal punishment in the military.[4] On the same day as the new Austrian military law came into force on 5 December 1868, Emperor Franz Joseph I awarded Kuhn the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold.[5] Over the following years, he began the dissolution of the Military Frontier with the Ottoman Empire. On 23 April 1873, he was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal.

Since Austria-Hungary's military charts had proven inadequate in the Austro-Prussian War, on 8 October 1869 Kuhn asked Emperor Franz Joseph for permission to undertake a new cartographic survey of the whole of Austria-Hungary. The Emperor approved this request only two days later.[6] The new Franzisco-Josephinian Land Survey (also known as the Kuhn Land Survey or the Third Land Survey) was undertaken by Vienna's Institute of Military Geography over the following eighteen years. It was produced on a 1:25,000 scale and was the first land survey of the realm to be based on the metric system. In its published form it consisted of 752 sheets of maps of Austria-Hungary on a 1:75,000 scale, with contour lines. These charts remained in use in some places until the 1960s.

Drawing on his experience of fighting on the Alpine frontier during the Third Italian War of Independence, Kuhn drew up a plan for a radical reorganisation of the defense of the Trentino and South Tyrol, which he entrusted to the k.u.k. Befestigungs - Bau Direktor in Trient Colonel Baron Daniel Salis-Soglio. The campaign had demonstrated to Kuhn the importance of having adequate forces to defend the alpine valleys in Trentino and South Tyrol, especially since the Alpine border was now hundreds of kilometres long, since Italy had gained control of the Veneto region in the war. This led Kuhn to take a special interest in alpine geography and mountaineering and to author a book dealing with alpine warfare.

During his time as a Major General in the Tyrol in September 1864, Kuhn noticed a young lieutenant named Julius Payer, who had sketched some maps while on a mountaineering holiday. Payer later claimed that the meeting with Kuhn had been the decisive moment in his life.[7] When Kuhn was appointed Minister of War at the beginning of 1868, he assigned Payer to the Institute of Military Geography, whose director August von Fligely further supported Payer.[7] In order to produce new maps of Mount Adamello and Ortler, Payer was assigned three Kaiserjäger, 1,000 guilder, and a theodolite.[8]

After Payer had completed this survey work in autumn 1868, Kuhn released him from service in January 1869, in order to allow him to participate in the Second German North Polar Expedition (1869-1870), led by Carl Koldewey.[7] Kuhn was later also a supporter of the Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition (1872-1874) led by Payer and Karl Weyprecht, which discovered Franz Josef Land. The historian Günther Hamann identified Kuhn as the key figure in Payer's academic career and the launching of the expedition.[9] As a result of this patronage, Kuhn Island off the eastern coast of Greenland and Kuhn Island in Franz Josef Land were named in his honour.

On 14 July 1874, Kuhn was dismissed by Franz Joseph I from the position of Minister of War and appointed as Commander General of Steiermark, Carinthia, and Carniola.

As an Austrian patriot and opponent of Prussia, Kuhn unsuccessfully argued for intervening on the French side in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. In the 1880s he made no secret of his opposition to the Dual Alliance with the German Empire and advocated an alternative alliance with the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire, by abandoning Austria-Hungary's eastern policy (including the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina) and committing to the destruction of Prussia. Kuhn was totally supported in this position by Crown Prince Rudolf. Seven weeks after a discussion of these issues with Rudolf in May 1888, Kuhn was suddenly and unexpectedly sent into retirement, probably because Rudolf had named him as someone who shared his own views.

Kuhn had a daughter, Rosa Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld (22 February 1856 - 30 October 1917), who had married on 24 June 1878, Julius Cäsar von Strassoldo, a nephew of Julius Cäsar von Strassoldo and of Franziska Romana Strassoldo (wife of Joseph Radetzky von Radetz). After his retirement, Kuhn acquired an estate at Strassoldo in Gorizia and Gradisca, near the one which his daughter had inherited from her father-in-law. Kuhn died at this estate of a heart attack, still bitter about his "bleak position", on 25 May 1896.[10]