Ovenbird (family)

Ovenbirds or furnariids are a large family of small suboscine passerine birds found from Mexico and Central to southern South America. They form the family Furnariidae. This is a large family containing around 315 species and 70 genera. The ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), which breeds in North America, is not a furnariid – rather it is a distantly related bird of the wood warbler family, Parulidae.

Ovenbirds
Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia variegaticeps)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Parvorder: Furnariida
Family: Furnariidae
Gray, 1840
Subfamilies

The ovenbirds are a diverse group of insectivores which get their name from the elaborate, vaguely "oven-like" clay nests built by the horneros, although most other ovenbirds build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock.[1] The Spanish word for "oven" (horno) gives the horneros their name. Furnariid nests are always constructed with a cover, and up to six pale blue, greenish or white eggs are laid. The eggs hatch after 15 to 22 days, and the young fledge after a further 13 to 20 days.[2]

They are small to medium-sized birds, ranging from 9 to 35 cm in length.[2] While individual species often are habitat specialists, species of this family can be found in virtually any Neotropical habitat, ranging from city parks inhabited by rufous horneros, to tropical Amazonian lowlands by many species of foliage-gleaners, to temperate barren Andean highlands inhabited by several species of miners. Two species, the seaside and the surf cinclodes, are associated with rocky coasts.

Taxonomy and systematics

The woodcreepers (formerly Dendrocolaptidae) were merged into this family, following analysis of sequences.[3] While confirming the overall phylogenetic pattern, other scientists instead opted for maintaining the woodcreepers as a separate family, while splitting the ovenbirds (as traditionally defined) into two families, Furnariidae and Scleruridae.[4]

The cladogram below showing the subfamilies of the ovenbirds is based on a molecular genetic studies that revealed that Sclerurinae was the first group to diverge[5][6] The species numbers are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).[7]

Furnariidae

Sclerurinae – miners and leaftosser (18 species)

Dendrocolaptinae – woodcreepers (58 species)

Furnariinae – "true" ovenbirds (239 species)

The phylogeny of the Furnariidae is now well understood thanks to multiple analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.[8][9][10][11][12] Among other discoveries, the classification of several genera had to be revised.[13][14][15] The taxonomic arrangement presented below is based on molecular genetic studies of ovenbird relationships.[4][16][17][12] However, because ovenbirds and woodcreepers are treated here as a single family some taxonomic ranks were modified. For more detail see "List of ovenbird species".

Subfamily: Sclerurinae – miners and leaftossers

Subfamily: Dendrocolaptinae – woodcreepers

Subfamily: Furnariinae – Neotropical ovenbirds and allies

Rufous hornero (Furnarius rufus) nest, showing the entrance chamber and dividing wall to breeding chamber

The phylogenetic tree shown below is based on a large-scale genetic 2020 study of the suboscines by Michael Harvey and collaborators.[11] The tawny tit-spinetail (Leptasthenura yanacencis) has been moved to the genus Sylviorthorhynchus, the sulphur-bearded spinetail (Cranioleuca sulphurifera) has been moved to the genus Limnoctites and its English name changed to the sulphur-bearded reedhaunter, and the white-bellied spinetail (Synallaxis propinqua) has been placed in the monotypic genus Mazaria.[27] These changes are included in the tree shown below. The remaining paraphyletic genera are flagged in the tree by an asterisk.

In 2009 the large ovenbird family was divided into tribes by Robert Moyle and collaborators. The tribes as defined in the 2009 article do not fit well with the revised taxonomy of Harvey and are not included here. For example, the tribe Furnariini as defined in the 2009 article is not monophyletic in the Harvey phylogeny.[4] The species numbers in the cladogram are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).[7]

Furnariinae

Xenops – xenops (3 species)

Berlepschia – point-tailed palmcreeper

Microxenops – rufous-tailed xenops

Pygarrhichas – white-throated treerunner

Ochetorhynchus – earthcreepers and crag chilia (4 species)

Premnoplex – barbtails (2 species)

Margarornis – treerunners (4 species)

Cichlocolaptes – treehunters (2 species)

*Philydor pyrrhodes – cinnamon-rumped foliage-gleaner

*Philydor atricapillus (type of genus) – black-capped foliage-gleaner

Heliobletus – sharp-billed treehunter

*Philydor – foliage-gleaners (2 species?)

Megaxenops – great xenops

Anabacerthia – foliage-gleaners (5 species)

Syndactyla – foliage-gleaners (8 species)

Ancistrops – chestnut-winged hookbill

Dendroma – foliage-gleaners (2 species)

Clibanornis – foliage-gleaners (5 species)

Thripadectes – treehunters (7 species)

Automolus – foliage-gleaners and woodhaunters (10 species)

Tarphonomus – earthcreepers (2 species)

Premnornis – rusty-winged barbtail

Pseudocolaptes – tufted-cheeks (3 species)

Furnarius – horneros (8 species)

Lochmias – sharp-tailed streamcreeper

Limnornis – curve-billed reedhaunter

Phleocryptes – wren-like rushbird

Geocerthia – striated earthcreeper

Upucerthia – earthcreepers (4 species)

Cinclodes – cincloides (15 species)

Aphrastura – rayaditos (2 species)

Sylviorthorhynchus – Des Murs's wiretail and tawny tit-spinetail (2 species)

Leptasthenura – tit-spinetails (9 species)

Phacellodomus – thornbirds (10 species)

Anumbius – firewood-gatherer

Coryphistera – lark-like brushrunner

Hellmayrea – white-browed spinetail

Asthenes – canasteros and thistletails (30 species)

Pseudasthenes – canasteros (4 species)

Synallaxis – spinetails (37 species)

Certhiaxis – spinetails (2 species)

Schoeniophylax – chotoy spinetail

Mazaria – white-bellied spinetail

Spartonoica – bay-capped wren-spinetail

Pseudoseisura – cacholotes (4 species)

Acrobatornis – pink-legged graveteiro

Metopothrix – orange-fronted plushcrown

Xenerpestes – greytails (2 species)

Siptornis – spectacled prickletail

*Cranioleuca gutturata – speckled spinetail

*Thripophaga fusciceps – plain softtail

Roraimia – Roraiman barbtail

*Thripophaga macroura (type) – striated softtail

Limnoctites – reedhaunters (2 species)

*Thripophaga – softtails (4 species)

*Cranioleuca (includes type) – spinetails (20 species)

References
  1. Remsen, J. V., Jr. 2003. Family Furnariidae (ovenbirds). Pages 162–357 in J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie eds. Handbook of the birds of the world, Vol. 8, broadbills to tapaculos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  2. Willis, Edwin O. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-1-85391-186-6.
  3. Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G.P. (2002). "Systematic relationships and biogeography of the tracheophone suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23 (3): 499–512. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00034-9. PMID 12099801.
  4. Moyle, R.G.; Chesser, R.T.; Brumfield, R.T.; Tello, J.G.; Marchese, D.J.; Cracraft, J. (2009). "Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: infraorder Furnariides)". Cladistics. 25 (4): 386–405. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00259.x.
  5. Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Johansson, Ulf S; Ericson, Per G.P (2002). "Systematic relationships and biogeography of the tracheophone suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23 (3): 499–512. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00034-9.
  6. Chesser, R.Terry (2004). "Molecular systematics of New World suboscine birds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32 (1): 11–24. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.015.
  7. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  8. Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Ericson, Per G. P. (2004). "Phylogenetic Relationships of Woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptinae): Incongruence between Molecular and Morphological Data". Journal of Avian Biology. 35 (3): 280–288. ISSN 0908-8857.
  9. Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Ericson, Per G. P. (2006). "Evolution of the ovenbird‐woodcreeper assemblage (Aves: Furnariidae) ‐ major shifts in nest architecture and adaptive radiation". Journal of Avian Biology. 37 (3): 260–272. doi:10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03612.x.
  10. Fjeldså, Jon; Irestedt, Martin; Ericson, Per G. P. (2004-09-14). "Molecular data reveal some major adaptational shifts in the early evolution of the most diverse avian family, the Furnariidae". Journal of Ornithology. 146 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1007/s10336-004-0054-5. ISSN 2193-7192.
  11. Harvey, M.G.; et al. (2020). "The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot". Science. 370 (6522): 1343–1348. doi:10.1126/science.aaz6970. hdl:10138/329703. A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's website here.
  12. Derryberry, E.P.; Claramunt, S.; Derryberry, G.; Chesser, R.T.; Cracraft, J.; Aleixo, A.; Pérez-Emán, J.; Remsen Jr, J.V.; Brumfield, R.T. (2011). "Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)". Evolution. 65 (10): 2973–2986. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01374.x.
  13. CHESSER, R. TERRY; CLARAMUNT, SANTIAGO; DERRYBERRY, ELIZABETH; BRUMFIELD, ROBB T. (2009-08-28). "Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)". Zootaxa. 2213 (1): 64–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2213.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334.
  14. DERRYBERRY, ELIZABETH; CLARAMUNT, SANTIAGO; O’QUIN, KELLY E.; ALEIXO, ALEXANDRE; CHESSER, R. TERRY; REMSEN JR., J. V.; BRUMFIELD, ROBB T. (2010-04-01). "Pseudasthenes, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)". Zootaxa. 2416 (1): 61. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2416.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334.
  15. Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Cadena, Carlos Daniel; Cuervo, Andrés M.; Sanín, Camilo; Brumfield, Robb T. (2013). "Phylogeny and Classification of Automolus Foliage-gleaners and Allies (Furnariidae)". The Condor. 115 (2): 375–385. doi:10.1525/cond.2013.110198.
  16. Irestedt, M.; J. Fjeldså & P. G. P. Ericson (2006). "Evolution of the ovenbird-woodcreeper assemblage (Aves: Furnariidae): major shifts in nest architecture and adaptive radiation". J. Avian Biol. 37 (3): 260–272. doi:10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03612.x.
  17. Chesser, R. T.; Barker, F. K. & Brumfield, R. T. (2007). "Fourfold polyphyly of the genus formerly known as Upucerthia, with notes on the systematics and evolution of the avian subfamily Furnariinae". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44 (3): 1320–1332. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.014. PMID 17632018.
  18. Derryberry, E.; S. Claramunt; R. T. Chesser; A. Aleixo; J. Cracraft; R. G. Moyle & R. T. Brumfield (2010). "Certhiasomus, a new genus of woodcreeper (Aves: Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2416: 44–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2416.1.2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-27. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  19. Claramunt, S.; E. P. Derryberry; R. T. Chesser; A. Aleixo & R. T. Brumfield (2010). "Polyphyly of Campylorhamphus with the description of a new genus for C. pucherani". Auk. 127 (2): 430–439. doi:10.1525/auk.2009.09022. S2CID 85649129.
  20. The correct genus for former Xenops milleri
  21. Chesser, R. T. & R. T. Brumfield (2007). "Tarphonomus, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae) from South America". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 120 (3): 337–339. doi:10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[337:TANGOO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 84357123.
  22. Chesser, R. T.; S. Claramunt; E. P. Derryberry & R. T. Brumfield (2009). "Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)". Zootaxa. 2213: 64–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2213.1.4.
  23. Olson, S. L.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P. G. P. & Fjeldså, J. (2005). "Independent evolution of two Darwinian marsh-dwelling ovenbirds (Furnariidae: Limnornis, Limnoctites)" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical 16: 347–359. hdl:10088/1568.
  24. Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Cadena, Carlos Daniel; Cuervo, Andrés M.; Sanín, Camilo; Brumfield, Robb T. (2013). "Phylogeny and classification of Automolus foliage-gleaners and allies (Furnariidae)". The Condor. 115 (2): 375–385. doi:10.1525/cond.2013.110198.
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  26. Derryberry, E.; S. Claramunt; K. E. O'Quin; A. Aleixo; R. T. Chesser; J. V. Remsen Jr. & R. T. Brumfield (2010). "Pseudasthenes, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2416: 61–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2416.1.4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-27.
  27. Claramunt, Santiago (2014). "Phylogenetic relationships among Synallaxini spinetails (Aves: Furnariidae) reveal a new biogeographic pattern across the Amazon and Paraná river basins". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 78: 223–231. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.011. PMID 24867462.

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