Gallaudet Eleven

The Slow Rotation Room (SRR) was a 20-foot diameter circular room in which subjects lived for periods up to two consecutive days. Across multiple trials, the room was made to rotate at speeds ranging from 2.4 to 10.0 rotations per minute. The room was equipped with all the necessities for basic living, including a sink, refrigerator, stove, shower, and toilet, so its rotation had to be paused only for occasional supply deliveries and visits from researchers. Of the four test subjects who lived in the SRR, the only member of the Gallaudet Eleven was Robert Greemun, who served as a control subject for the experiment. The other subjects were researchers and Navy medical officers who did not have Greemun's immunity to motion sickness.[2]

In a series of 1959 letters, Greemun described a few of the tests that subjects performed in the SRR. They included games involving throwing tennis balls, basketballs, and darts at targets, tests of dexterity in which subjects were to place styluses into small holes, balancing tests where subjects attempted to walk in straight lines, and a "dial test", in which subjects were instructed to set the positions of dials which were placed all around them, requiring the subjects to frequently rotate their heads and bodies.[2]

The Coriolis Acceleration Platform (CAP) was the successor to the SRR. It was a 20-foot diameter circular room that could spin at speeds up to 10 revolutions per minute. In addition, it could travel down a 40-foot linear track and tilt in angular directions. The room was entirely closed off from the outside, equipped with no windows and a set of cameras that researchers used to observe subjects from an external control room. Like the SRR, the CAP included all the necessities for living, including running water, a refrigerator, a toilet, a television, bedding, and a dining space.

In 1964, Greemun, Harper, Larson, and Myers spent between 17 and 18 days in the CAP, with 12 of those days being consecutive. While the CAP was running, it would stop only for a few minutes each day for supplies to be dropped off and for researchers to visit. Much of the testing in the CAP was the same as the SRR, with the addition of some new tests, including one where subjects were presented with a two-by-two grid of lights that could each flash a number. The subjects were to perform varying calculations in quick succession depending on the arrangement of two random numbers flashed in the grid. Greemun reports having developed certain habits of movement while living in the CAP and SRR that made it difficult to readjust to normal rooms in the first hours after the end of a trial. For example, he and other subjects were unable to walk without stumbling or to throw a ball in a straight line for a short period of time after they left the CAP and SRR.[2]

In another set of experiments, participants were subject to larger accelerations, but for shorter periods of time. In one such study, subjects rode inside a machine called the Human Disorientation Device (HDD), a cylindrical cabin attached to large machinery that could move and rotate in multiple directions, designed to simulate the accelerations of a spinning satellite. In another, subjects rode one of the express elevators in the Empire State Building, repeatedly traveling between the first and 80th floors. Some rides were carried out in total darkness, while in others, participants were subject to bursts of light from flash bulbs, which produced afterimages that they reported to the researchers. In some cases, electrodes were wired to the areas around the subject's eyes, which allowed researchers to monitor ocular motions during rides.[2]

In 1964, ten of the Gallaudet Eleven took a ferry ride on a 145-foot (44 m) long tugboat through a 200-mile (320 km) stretch of the North Atlantic Seas between St. Pierre and Miquelon and North Sydney, Nova Scotia, a journey that lasted 28 hours. These waters were known to be some of the roughest in the North Atlantic, and the team of researchers intentionally scheduled a voyage through a storm. Researchers observed 40-foot (12 m) waves, 40-knot winds, and 80-knot gusts in addition to accelerations exceeding 3 times that of gravity.[4] Participants were subject to similar tests as in previous experiments, including blood and urine analysis, physical tests of steadiness, and questionnaires for self-reporting.[2] The research staff and other non-deaf people on board experienced extreme seasickness and vomiting, while those part of the Gallaudet Eleven were largely unaffected, with some even reporting that they enjoyed the experience.[2][5][1]