George Harold Baker

George Harold Baker (November 4, 1877 – June 2, 1916) was a lawyer, political figure, and soldier from Quebec, Canada. He represented Brome in the House of Commons of Canada from 1911 to 1916 as a Conservative Member of Parliament.

George Harold Baker
Baker in uniform at Valcartier (July 1915)
Member of Parliament
for Brome
In office
September 21, 1911 – June 2, 1916
Preceded bySydney A. Fisher
Succeeded byAndrew Ross McMaster
Personal details
Born(1877-11-04)November 4, 1877
Sweetsburg, Quebec, Canada
DiedJune 2, 1916(1916-06-02) (aged 38)
Mount Sorrel, Ypres Salient, Belgium
Cause of deathKilled in action
Political partyConservative
RelationsGeorge Barnard Baker, father
Alma materMcGill University
ProfessionLawyer, soldier
Military service
AllegianceCanada
Branch/serviceCanadian Army
Years of service1903–1916
RankLieutenant Colonel
Unit6th Duke of Connaught's Royal Canadian Hussars
13th Scottish Light Dragoons
5th Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles, CEF
Battles/warsWorld War I

He is the only sitting Canadian MP to be killed in action on military service. Fellow MP Samuel Simpson Sharpe also served at the front, was wounded and died by suicide in 1918 while on convalescent leave in Canada.[1]

Early life

He was born in Sweetsburg, Quebec, the son of George Barnard Baker, a member of parliament and Senator. He studied at Bishop's College School from 1889 to 1893.

Prior to the First World War, Baker served as a member of the 6th Duke of Connaught’s Royal Canadian Hussars and the 13th Scottish Light Dragoons.

Political career

Baker was elected as the Member of Parliament for Brome in the 1911 federal election, representing the Conservative Party.

1911 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
ConservativeGeorge Harold Baker1,520
LiberalSydney Arthur Fisher1,496

First World War

Baker fought in World War I as a Lieutenant-Colonel, commanding the 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles. He was killed in action at Wieltje Salient, West Flanders, Belgium on June 2, 1916, during the Battle of Mount Sorrel. Baker was carried out of the action by his second-in-command Major Dennis Draper.[2] He was buried at Poperinghe New Military Cemetery, where his gravestone bears the inscription: DEATH IS A LOW MIST WHICH CANNOT BLOT THE BRIGHTNESS IT MAY VEIL.[3][4]

Baker's life and death were commemorated by the publication of A Canadian Soldier (1917).[2][5] A memorial service was held at Christ Church in Sweetsburg, Quebec, on June 18, 1916. Tributes were paid by the Reverend W. P. R. Lewis and General Sir Sam Hughes, Minister of Militia. Baker's death was also marked by the Prime Minister of Canada Sir Robert Borden, with a statement published in the press and a further tribute given at the opening of parliament on January 18, 1917.[2]

A bronze memorial statue to Baker by R. Tait McKenzie was unveiled on February 29, 1924, by Governor General Lord Byng in the House of Commons foyer in the Centre Block building of the Parliament of Canada in Ottawa, Canada.[6] The Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon MacKenzie King spoke at the unveiling, and his speech and those of others were recorded in the red leather-bound commemorative volume Parliamentary Memoir of George Harold Baker, M.P. (1924). This volume also included a funerary poem for Baker: "Non Mortuus".[7]

The base of the memorial statue bears the following inscription:

LIEUT-COLONEL GEORGE HAROLD BAKER, M.P., 5th C.M.R. KILLED IN ACTION, JUNE 2, 1916, AT THE BATTLE OF SANCTUARY WOOD. ERECTED BY ORDER OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA.[8]

Either side of the recess holding the memorial statue, there are inscriptions on the walls. The inscription to the left is a biblical quote (2 Maccabees 6.31)[9][10] and the inscription to the right is the final five lines of the poem "In Flanders Fields" by John McCrae.[7][11]

Electoral record
1911 Canadian federal election: Brome
Party Candidate Votes
ConservativeGeorge Harold Baker1,520
LiberalSydney Arthur Fisher1,496

References
  1. Berthiaume, Lee (November 6, 2018). "'Forgotten' MP who died by suicide after returning from WW1 to get plaque outside House of Commons". National Post. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
  2. Cunliffe, John William (1917). A Canadian Soldier (pdf). New York: University Printing Office, Columbia University. p. 67.
  3. This epitaph is a quote from Percy Bysshe Shelley's Adonaïs (1821), an elegy for John Keats.
  4. "Casualty Details: Baker, George Harold". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  5. This work was written by John William Cunliffe (1865–1946) of Columbia University, New York City. The memorial volume contains a brief biography, several pages of letters written by Baker and others in the war, some photographs, contemporary newspaper reports and official accounts of the battle in which Baker died, and reports of tributes paid to Baker.
  6. Monaghan, David (October 2012). "The Baker Memorial". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  7. Bentley, D. M. R. (Spring–Summer 1993). "Monumentalités". Canadian Poetry. Canadian Poetry Press. 32.
  8. "Lieutenant-Colonel George Harold Baker". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  9. The Maccabees inscription uses the wording from the King James Version of the bible: AND THUS THIS MAN DIED LEAVING HIS DEATH FOR AN EXAMPLE OF A NOBLE COURAGE AND A MEMORIAL OF VIRTUE NOT ONLY UNTO YOUNG MEN BUT UNTO ALL HIS NATION.
  10. "2 Maccabees 6:31". King James Bible Online. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  11. The McCrae inscription is as follows: TO YOU FROM FAILING HANDS WE THROW THE TORCH BE YOURS TO HOLD IT HIGH IF YE BREAK FAITH WITH US WHO DIE WE SHALL NOT SLEEP THOUGH POPPIES BLOW IN FLANDERS FIELDS.
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