George Morrison (artist)

George Morrison (September 30, 1919 – April 17, 2000) was an Ojibwe abstract painter and sculptor from Minnesota. His Ojibwe name was Wah Wah Teh Go Nay Ga Bo (Standing In the Northern Lights).[1] Morrison's work is associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement in the United States.[2]

This article is about landscape painter. For Australian painter, see George Pitt Morison.
George Morrison
Shoulder-high portrait of a man in his seventies, with gray hair, wearing glasses a striped shirt and a vest made of patchwork suitings
Born(1919-09-30)September 30, 1919
Chippewa City, Minnesota
DiedApril 17, 2000(2000-04-17) (aged 80)
Red Rock, near Grand Marais, Minnesota
NationalityGrand Portage Band Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
Occupation(s)Abstract Expressionist Painter and Sculptor
Spouses
ChildrenBriand Mesaba

Between the 1940s through the 1960s, he worked and exhibited alongside Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, and Jackson Pollock, among other contemporary American artists in New York City. Between 1970 and 1983, George Morrison taught studio art and Native American studies at the University of Minnesota.[3] After retiring from teaching in 1983, he lived and worked at his home and studio in Grand Portage Indian Reservation by Lake Superior until his death in 2000.[3]

Much of Morrison's non-figurative painting reflects the artist's sustained interest in landscape influenced by Indigenous visual cultures.[2] In 2020, he became the first Native American artist to be included in the New York School collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.[2]

Career

Early life and education

Morrison was a member of the Grand Portage Band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. He was born in 1919 in Chippewa City, Cook County, Minnesota, near the Grand Portage Indian Reservation.[4]

Morrison was one of 12 children in a poor household. His father worked as a trapper and used his fluent knowledge of the Ojibwe language to interpret court proceedings. As a child, he spent months in a full body cast recovering from a surgery; it was during this period of recuperation that he began to draw.[5]

Morrison briefly attended a Native American boarding school in Hayward, Wisconsin.[6] Due to poor health, Morrison returned to Minnesota and attended a Native American sanatorium in Onigum, Minnesota and the Gillette State Hospital for Crippled Children in St. Paul.[4] He attended Grand Marais High School, graduating in 1938, and then the Minnesota School of Art, now the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, graduating in 1943.[1]

Having been chosen to receive the Ethel Morrison Van Derlip Traveling Scholarship, Morrison studied at the Art Students League from 1943 to 1946 in New York City, where he became part of a circle of abstract expressionists and was exposed to artistic styles such as cubism and surrealism.[6]

In 1947, Morrison took a teaching position at the Cape Ann Art School; the following summer Morrison and Albert Kresch took over the school and renamed it the Rockport Art School.[4] Morrison met his first wife, Ada Reed, in Provincetown, Massachusetts. The two were married in 1948.[4]

In 1952, after receiving a Fulbright scholarship, he studied in Paris at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and Antibes,[1] and at the University of Aix-Marseilles. In 1953, he was awarded a John Hay Whitney Fellowship and moved to Duluth, Minnesota.[4]

Later career

He lived in Duluth, Minnesota for years and then moved back to New York City in 1954, where he became acquainted with prominent American expressionists: Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline and Jackson Pollock.[1] He then taught in Minneapolis, Duluth, Dayton, Ohio at the Dayton Art Institute, Ithaca (Cornell University), Pennsylvania (Penn State), Iowa State Teachers College, and New York City.[1][4] While teaching at the Dayton Art Institute Morrison met his second wife, Hazel Belvo.[4]

From 1963 to 1970, Morrison taught at the Rhode Island School of Design.[1]

In 1968, Morrison won the grand prize at the Fourth Invitational Exhibition of Indian Arts and Crafts in Washington, D.C.[5] In 1969, he was awarded an Honorary Master of Fine Arts at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design.

Beginning in 1970, he taught American Indian studies and art at the University of Minnesota until he retired in 1983.[1] During the mid-1970s, Morrison and his wife acquired land near Grand Portage, Minnesota on Lake Superior, which they named Red Rock.[1] This became their home and studio.[1] Morrison suffered some life-threatening illnesses, including being diagnosed with Castleman's disease in 1984, but kept on working until he died at Red Rock in April 2000.[1][4]

In 1999, Morrison was awarded the title of Master Artist by the Eiteljorg Fellowship for Native American Fine Art.[7]

Legacy

In 2022, Morrison's work was honored by the United States Postal Service with the release of a stamp series featuring five of his paintings.[8]

Art
Untitled (Blue Painting) (1958) at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in 2023

Morrison learned the established Western methods of representational painting during his time at the Minneapolis School of Art. However, during his time at the Art Students League in New York City Morrison's style became more modernist and abstract.[4]

Morrison acknowledged a variety of influences in his art, including cubism, surrealism, and abstract expressionism. In his drawings and paintings, Morrison used abstract forms to represent organic figures. Morrison commonly used landscapes and mosaic patterns in his paintings. For his wood collages, Morrison would gather driftwood along shorelines. Morrison's totem works were formally designed and glued to a piece of plywood that was the backbone of the piece.[6]

In addition to European and North American artistic movements, Morrison also was inspired by pre-Columbian art and architecture and Australian Aboriginal art.[7]

Morrison's work was part of Stretching the Canvas: Eight Decades of Native Painting (2019–21), a survey at the National Museum of the American Indian George Gustav Heye Center in New York.[9]

Twin Cities Tile and Marble Company became experts in moving Morrison's beautiful granite "Tableau – A Native American Mosaic." It's been moved from the entrance to the IDS Center (1992), to the front of the Minneapolis Central Library (2004), to between 11th and 12th Streets (2020), all on Nicollet in downtown Minneapolis.[10]

The United States Postal Service released five Morrison paintings in a series of Forever Stamps on April 22, 2022.[11] Among the paintings featured on the Morrison Forever stamps are Sun and River (1949), Phenomena Against the Crimson: Lake Superior Landscape (1985), Lake Superior Landscape (1981), Spirit Path, New Day, Red Rock Variation: Lake Superior Landscape (1990), and Untitled (1995).[5]

Morrison also had the honor of having his paintings be presented Whitney Museum as a part of the exhibition "The Whitney's Collection: Selections from 1990-1965" June 28,2019-. The three artworks featured are: "The Antagonist",1965 ; "Landscape", 1950 ;"Untitled" 1953[12]

Selected solo exhibitions
Title:Untitled [sepia version]Date created:1987Artists/Makers:George Morrison, Minnesota Chippewa [Grand Portage, Minnesota], 1919-2000Series:Horizons seriesEdition:23/35Place:Minnesota; USA (inferred)Format/Object name:PrintMedia/Materials:Paper, inkTechniques:Lithographed, woodcut/woodblock printedCollection History/Provenance:Formerly in the collection of Terrence D. Curley; donated to NMAI in 2001 in memory of Olga M. Waisanen (1927–1995).Dimensions:189.3 x 65 cmCatalog number:25/9064

References
  1. Riddle, Mason (January 30, 2010). "An appreciation of George Morrison, a brilliant local artist who hung out with Jackson Pollock, who taught at Cornell and RISD, and who happened to be Native". Twin Cities Daily Planet. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
  2. Sutton, Benjamin (2023-01-30). "US National Gallery of Art acquires major work by overlooked Native American Abstract Expressionist". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  3. Michael, Taylor (2023-02-05). "Native Artist's Work Enters the National Gallery Collection". Hyperallergic. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  4. Anthes, Bill (2006). Native Moderns: American Indian Painting, 1940–1960. Duke University Press.
  5. Shanti Escalante-De Mattei (April 25, 2022). "Chippewa Artist George Morrison, Influential Modernist Painter, Gets Set of USPS Stamps". ARTnews.
  6. Katz, Jane, ed. (1980). This Song Remembers: Self-Portraits of Native Americans in the Arts. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 54–60.
  7. Andrew White, Mark, ed. (2012). The James T. Bialac Native American Art Collection. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 114.
  8. . USPS Press Release. March 17, 2022 https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2022/0317ma-native-american-artist-george-morrison-memorialized.htm. Retrieved December 21, 2022. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. "Stretching the Canvas: Eight Decades of Native Painting". National Museum of the American Indian. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  10. Flanagan, Regina (October 8, 2020). "Tableau – A Native American Mosaic has a New Home in Loring Woods". Nicollet Mall Art. City of Minneapolis. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  11. Kraker, Dan (November 16, 2021). "Renowned Minnesota Native artist George Morrison to be honored with new stamp series". MPR News. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  12. "The Whitney's Collection: Selections from 1900 to 1965". whitney.org. Retrieved 2023-06-02.

Bibliography

Further reading
  • W. Jackson Rushing III, Modern Spirit: The Art of George Morrison. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 2013. ISBN 978-0-806-14393-4.
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