Type 206 submarine
The Type 206 is a class of diesel-electric submarines (U-boats) developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW). Its design is based on the preceding Type 205 submarine class. These small and agile submarines were built during the Cold War to operate in the shallow Baltic Sea and attack Warsaw Pact shipping in the event of military confrontation. The pressure hulls were built out of non-magnetic steel to counter the threat of magnetic naval mines and make detection with MAD sensors more difficult. The low emission profile allowed the submarines in exercises to intrude even into well-protected opposing forces such as carrier formations with their screen.[2]
![]() Type 206A-class profile | |
![]() U15 at Kiel Week 2007. | |
Class overview | |
---|---|
Builders | |
Operators | |
Preceded by | Type 205 submarine |
Succeeded by | Type 212 submarine, Type 209 submarine |
Subclasses | Gal-class submarine |
Built | 1969–1975 |
In commission |
|
Completed | 18 |
Active | 2 |
Retired | 16 |
Preserved | 1 |
General characteristics | |
Type | Type 206A submarine |
Displacement |
|
Length | 48.49 metres (159 ft 1 in) |
Beam | 4.58 metres (15 ft 0 in) |
Draft | 4.30 metres (14 ft 1 in) |
Installed power |
|
Propulsion |
|
Speed |
|
Range |
|
Test depth | more than 200 m |
Complement | 22 |
Sensors and processing systems |
|
Electronic warfare & decoys |
|
Armament |
|
Programme
Ten Type 205 submarines were constructed between 1962 and 1968 with hulls constructed of a new non-magnetic steel. The early boats, however, suffered from cracking due to stress corrosion and an urgent programme was initiated to develop a new steel which overcame these problems, which received much publicity at the time. The new high-strength, non-magnetic, austenitic steel has greater elasticity and good dynamic strength, and has proved very satisfactory in service, thoroughly overcoming the doubts that were raised by those early problems, although it has never been selected by IKL's many export customers and thus remains unique to German Navy submarines. Subsequently, the Type 206 was designed by Ingenieur Kontor Lübeck (IKL) in 1964–65 and a production order was placed on 7 June 1969 for eight from HDW in Kiel and ten from Nordseewerke in Emden.
Of the 18 submarines built for the Bundesmarine (West German Navy), 12 were modernized in the early 1990s and were re-designated as Type 206A; the others have been decommissioned. The current German Navy is starting to decommission some 206A vessels, with more of the new Type 212 submarines being commissioned. In June 2010 the Ministry of Defence announced that all six remaining vessels were to be retired from active service immediately and to be decommissioned by the end of 2010 to cut costs. There are no type 206 submarines left in active service with the German Navy.[3]
A slightly modified variant of the Type 206 (which includes the distinctive dome, or bulge, in the front of the boat), the Gal-class submarine for the Israeli Navy was built to Israeli specifications as the Vickers Type 540 in the UK rather than Germany for political reasons. Three such boats were built, the first being commissioned in 1976. When the Israeli navy received its new Dolphin-class submarines (also built by HDW), the Gals were retired. As of 2006, one had been scrapped and two had been sent to HDW in an attempt to find a buyer for them. When no buyer was found, one of the submarines was returned to Israel for display in the Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum.
Modernisation
A major mid-life modernisation was conducted on twelve of these submarines, the boats concerned now being officially designated Type 206A. The work started in mid-1987 and completed in February 1992, being carried out by Nordseewerke, Emden; this upgrade includes:
The STN Atlas DBQS-21D sonar has been fitted, together with new periscopes, and a new weapon control system (LEWA). The ESM system has been replaced and GPS navigation installed. The rebuilt submarines are armed with new torpedoes (Seeaal), and the propulsion system has been comprehensively refurbished, and improvements have been made to the accommodation.
List of units
Pennant number |
Name | Call sign |
Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S192 | U13 | DRDG | 15 November 1969 | 28 September 1971 | 19 April 1973 | 26 March 1997 | was to be sold to Indonesia as KRI Nagarangsang (403), scrapped |
S193 | U14 | DRDH | 1 March 1970 | 1 February 1972 | 19 April 1973 | 26 March 1997 | was to be sold to Indonesia as KRI Nagabanda (404), scrapped |
S194 | U15 | DRDI | 1 June 1970 | 15 June 1972 | 17 July 1974 | 14 December 2010 | |
S195 | U16 | DRDJ | 1 November 1970 | 29 August 1972 | 9 November 1973 | 3 March 2011 | Sold to Colombia for spare parts |
S196 | U17 | DRDK | 1 October 1970 | 10 October 1972 | 28 November 1973 | 14 December 2010 | Will be preserved as a museum ship at the Technik Museum Sinsheim.[4] |
S197 | U18 | DRDL | 1 April 1971 | 31 October 1972 | 19 December 1973 | 3 March 2011 | Sold to Colombia for spare parts |
S198 | U19 | DRDM | 5 January 1971 | 15 December 1972 | 9 November 1973 | 23 August 1998 | was to be sold to Indonesia as KRI Bramastra (405), scrapped |
S199 | U20 | DRDN | 3 September 1971 | 16 January 1973 | 24 May 1974 | 26 September 1996 | was to be sold to Indonesia as KRI Aluguro (407), scrapped |
S170 | U21 | DRDO | 15 April 1971 | 9 March 1973 | 16 August 1974 | 3 June 1998 | was to be sold to Indonesia as KRI Cundamani (406), scrapped |
S171 | U22 | DRDP | 18 November 1971 | 27 March 1973 | 26 July 1974 | 18 December 2008 | scrapped |
S172 | U23 | DRDQ | 5 March 1972 | 25 May 1974 | 2 May 1975 | 3 March 2011 | Sold to Colombia as ARC Intrépido [1] |
S173 | U24 | DRDR | 20 March 1972 | 26 June 1973 | 16 October 1974 | 31 March 2011 | Sold to Colombia as ARC Indomable [1] |
S174 | U25 | DRDS | 1 July 1971 | 23 May 1973 | 14 June 1974 | 31 January 2008 | currently for sale, https://www.vebeg.de/web/en/verkauf/browse.htm?DO_SUCHE=1&SUCH_KAT=18&SHOW_AUS=1926290 |
S175 | U26 | DRDT | 14 July 1972 | 20 November 1973 | 13 March 1975 | 9 November 2005 | scrapped |
S176 | U27 | DRDU | 1 October 1971 | 21 August 1973 | 16 October 1974 | 13 June 1996 | scrapped |
S177 | U28 | DRDV | 4 October 1972 | 22 January 1974 | 18 December 1974 | 30 June 2004 | scrapped |
S178 | U29 | DRDW | 10 January 1972 | 5 November 1973 | 27 November 1974 | 31 December 2006 | scrapped |
S179 | U30 | DRDX | 5 December 1972 | 4 April 1974 | 13 March 1975 | 31 January 2007 | scrapped |
Notes:
- After its decommissioning, U21 had an ever-changing history: First it should have been sold to Indonesia as Cundamani.[5] These plans were abandoned and U21 would have been scrapped in Itzehoe, had HDW not taken it on for a planned company museum in Kiel. This museum did not materialise, and U21 was gifted to the city of Eckernförde and towed there. For a short time it operated as a tourist attraction/technology museum, but because of local politics it was sold for scrap and broken up.
- U13, U14, U19 and U20 were also to be sold to Indonesia. Their names would have been Nagarangsang, Nagabanda, Bramastra and Alugoro.[5]
- February/March 2010 the U26, U28 and U30 were towed by Polish tug Ikar to 's-Gravendeel, Netherlands to be scrapped.[6]
- U17 and U26 visited New York City for Fleet Week in 1992.
Exports
The Indonesian Navy intended to acquire five Type 206 submarines in 1997 to supplement its submarine fleet, then consisted of two Cakra-class (Type 209/1300) submarines.[5] On 25 September 1997, Indonesian Navy has taken over two Type 206 submarines and planned to refit them, to be followed by three other submarines. Then in June 1998 Indonesia was running out of funds and the procurement program was cancelled.[7] The vessels were already assigned with names and pennant numbers by the Indonesian Navy by the time it was cancelled.[5]
The Colombian Navy purchased four decommissioned Type 206A submarines to boost its submarine force.[8] Two submarines, named Intrépido (ex-U23) and Indomable (ex-U24) were commissioned into the Colombian Navy on 28 August 2012. Two submarines (ex-U16 and ex-U18) were acquired to be cannibalized for spare parts. On 5 December 2015, Intrépido and Indomable entered active service after a lengthy refit in Germany.[9]
Gallery
- U15 of the German Navy
- U22 of the German Navy on a special forces exercise
References
- UBoote an Kolumbien übergeben
- Lutz Nohse, Eberhard Rössler, Moderne Küsten-Uboote, München 1972, ISBN 3-469-00390-4
- "Klasse 206 A aus der Fahrbereitschaft genommen". Deutsche Marine. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
- "U-Boot U17 | Technik Museum Speyer".
- "Kapal Selam Type 206 Class – Nyaris Jadi Arsenal Korps Hiu Kencana TNI AL". indomiliter.com (in Indonesian). 10 January 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- Weekblad Schuttevaer of 20 March 2010
- Sharpe, Richard (2004). Jane's Fighting Ships 2000-2001. Jane's Information Group. p. 311. ISBN 978-0710620187.
- "Colombia buys submarines in anti-drug war". 27 February 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- "Presidente Santos activó dos submarinos de la Armada Nacional". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Bibliography
- Karr, Hans (2014). Deutsche Uboote seit 1956 (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch. ISBN 9783613037083.
External links
Media related to Type 206 submarine at Wikimedia Commons
- "Unterseeboot Klasse U206A". GlobalSecurity.org. Global Security.
- Jane's Major Warships 2003