Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi

Giuseppe Garibaldi is an Italian aircraft carrier, the first through-deck aviation ship ever built for the Italian Navy, and the first Italian ship built to operate fixed-wing aircraft. Although she is widely recognised as a carrier first and foremost, she is officially designated as an aircraft-carrying cruiser.[3][4][5] She is equipped with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft and helicopters. Giuseppe Garibaldi was involved in combat air operations off Somalia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Libya.

For other ships with the same name, see Italian ship Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Giuseppe Garibaldi in 2004
History
Italy
NameGiuseppe Garibaldi
NamesakeGiuseppe Garibaldi
BuilderFincantieri Monfalcone (Gorizia)
CostLire 428 billion (1981) (equivalent to €903.63 million in 2019)
Laid down26 March 1981[1]
Launched11 June 1983
Commissioned30 September 1985
HomeportTaranto
IdentificationPennant number: 551
MottoObbedisco
StatusIn active service
General characteristics
TypeASW aircraft cruiser/aircraft carrier
Displacement
  • - 10,100 t (9,900 long tons) (standard)
  • - 13,850 t (13,630 long tons) (full load)[2]
  • - 14,150 t (13,930 long tons) (full load, after 2003 MLU)
Length180.2 m (591 ft)
Beam33.4 m (110 ft)
Draught8.2 m (27 ft)
Propulsion
Speed30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)+
Range7,000 nmi (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Complement
  • - 830, of which:
  • 550 Crew
  • up to 180 for Fleet Air Arm
  • up to 100 C4 staff
Sensors and
processing systems
  • - Selenia MM/SPS-768 (RAN 3L) long-range radar
  • - Selenia SPS-774 (RAN-10S) early warning radar
  • - Hughes AN/SPS-52C early warning, E band radar
  • - Selenia SPS-702 CORA surface search radar
  • - 2 × GEM Elettronica SPN-749 navigation radar
  • - Selenia SPN-728 approach radar
  • - 3 × Selenia RTN-30X fire control radar, for Albatross/Aspide
  • - 3 × Selenia RTN-20X fire control radar, for CIWS 40/70 mm
  • - Raytheon DE 1160 LF hull sonar (replaced by WASS DMS-2000 in 2003)
  • - Selenia CMS SADOC-3
  • - TACAN Face Standard URN-25
Electronic warfare
& decoys
Armament
Aircraft carried
Notesflight deck is length 174.0 m (570.9 ft) and 30.0 m (98.4 ft) wide

Design

The Giuseppe Garibaldi is the fourth ship of the Italian Navy to be named after the 19th-century Italian General Giuseppe Garibaldi. All four ships, including the missile cruiser, together with an image of Garibaldi, are depicted in the crest.

Giuseppe Garibaldi's deck layout
SH-3 Sea King on deck

Built by Fincantieri (Italcantieri) at the Monfalcone shipyards on the Gulf of Trieste, she was laid down on 26 March 1981,[1] launched on 11 June 1983, and commissioned on 30 September 1985. Garibaldi is classed as an anti-submarine warfare carrier (ASW), and she is based in Taranto.

The ship is powered by four Fiat COGAG gas turbines built under license from GE, offering a sustained power of 81,000 hp (60 MW). Driving two shafts the ship has a maximum speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) and can travel for 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at around 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).

The ship was equipped with four Otomat Mk2 short range surface-to-surface missile system installed at the stern of the vessel (removed in 2003 to improve the flight deck and satellite communications) and two ILAS three triple tube torpedo launchers. Defences are provided by two eight-cell SAM launchers firing the SARH Aspide missile, and three Oto Melara Twin 40L70 DARDO CIWS.

The ship also has several countermeasures, including two SCLAR twenty-barrel launchers for chaff, decoy, flares, or jammers, the SLQ-25 Nixie and SLAT anti-torpedo systems and ECM systems.

The air arm consists of a maximum of sixteen AV-8B Harrier IIs and two search and rescue helicopters, or eighteen Agusta helicopters or a mix of helicopters and fighters. The flight deck is the characteristic off-axis design with a 6.5-degree ski-jump for STOL aircraft; she is 174 m (571 ft) long and 30.4 m (100 ft) wide.[6]

A 1937 law gave control of all national fixed-wing air assets to the Italian Air Force, and the navy was only permitted to operate helicopters. At the time of the ship's commissioning of Garibaldi, the Italian Naval Aviation did not receive her Harriers, so she was reclassified as an Incrociatore portaeromobili (Italian for Aircraft carrying cruiser). Until 1988 only Italian helicopters landed on her deck, as well as Royal Navy Sea Harriers during NATO joint maneuvers. The ban on fixed-wing aircraft was lifted in 1989, and the Italian Navy acquired Harrier II fighters to fly from the Giuseppe Garibaldi.[7]

In 2009 Giuseppe Garibaldi was replaced as the flagship of the Italian Navy by the new and larger carrier Cavour.

The ship underwent a modernization in 2003 and a major restructuring in 2013.

Combat operations
Giuseppe Garibaldi and the US aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman operate near each other in the Atlantic Ocean while participating in Majestic Eagle 2004, a multinational war exercise conducted off the coast of Morocco.

In 1999 with the Kosovo War in the Balkans, Italy committed Harrier AV-8B II+ fighters embarked aboard Giuseppe Garibaldi from 13 May to early June 1999. The planes carried out 30 sorties in 63 hours of flight. The aircraft used Mk 82 GBU-16 bombs and AGM-65 Maverick missiles. The Italian naval force, in addition to the aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi with her air group, included the Maestrale-class frigate Zeffiro.

Following the attacks of 11 September 2001 and the war on terror declared by U.S. President Bush, Italy participated in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Giuseppe Garibaldi was engaged as the command ship of GRUPNAVIT I, 1 Italian Shipping Group, which also included Zeffiro, the patrol team and the airman supplier in Etna. The group set sail from Taranto on 18 November 2001. They trained in the Indian Ocean from 3 December 2001 to 1 March 2002 and returned to Taranto on 18 March 2002. During the mission, the AV-8B Harrier unit carried out 288 missions for a total of 860 hours of flight. Tasks carried out included interception/interdiction, sea and air support, and aircraft interdiction in Afghanistan.

Front view of two-seat grey jet fighter on aircraft carrier deck. A directive personnel is close by.
A Marina Militare TAV-8B Harrier II aboard Giuseppe Garibaldi

Participating in the 2011 military intervention in Libya after the transfer of authority to NATO and the decision to participate in strike air-ground operations, the Italian government assigned under NATO command four Italian Navy AV-8B plus (from Garibaldi) in addition to Italian air force aircraft.[8] As of 24 March, the Italian Navy was engaged in Operation Unified Protector with the light aircraft carrier Garibaldi, the Maestrale-class frigate Libeccio and the auxiliary ship Etna.[9] Additionally the Orizzonte-class frigate Andrea Doria and Maestrale-class frigate Euro were patrolling off the Sicilian coast in an air-defence role.[10][11] In total, until the end of the mission in Libya, the eight Italian Navy AV-8Bs flying from the carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi dropped 160 guided bombs during 1221 flight hours.[12]

See also

References
  1. Gardiner, Robert (1983). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1982, Part One: The Western Powers. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 66. ISBN 0-87021-918-9.
  2. "Giuseppe Garibaldi Portaeromobili". GlobalSecurity. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  3. "Garibaldi" (in Italian). 11 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-08-11. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  4. Thomas Newdick (15 February 2021). "All You Need To Know About Italy's F-35 Carrier That Just Arrived In The US". The War Zone. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  5. Dreadnaughtz (17 March 2023). "Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1st Italian STOVL carrier". Naval Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  6. Giuseppe Garibaldi – light aircraft carrier Archived 2016-12-31 at the Wayback Machine military-today.com
  7. "Issue 11 – Harrier: The Harrier Abroad". Aviation Classics. 28 July 2011. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  8. "contributo nazionale operazione "Odissey Dawn"". Italian Ministry of Defense. 11 June 2011. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.
  9. "Operazione "Unified Protector": navi italiane partecipano all'embargo" (in Italian). Italian Ministry of Defense. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019.
  10. "La Marina Militare in campo per la crisi libica e i flussi migratori" (in Italian). Ministry of Defence of the Italian Republic. 21 March 2011. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  11. "Libia: nave Andrea Doria nel canale di Sicilia con compiti di difesa aerea da attacchi missilistici" (in Italian). GrNet.it. 19 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  12. Kington, Tom (14 December 2011). "Italy Gives Bombing Stats for Libya Campaign". Defense News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
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