Glass site

The Glass site (22 WR 502) is a Plaquemine culture archaeological site located approximately 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) south of Vicksburg in Warren County, Mississippi. Originally the site had four platform mounds surrounding a large open plaza, but land leveling for modern farming techniques and looting by pothunters mean only portions of three have survived into the 21st century. It was a major ceremonial center that was contemporaneous with other large Plaquemine sites including Emerald, Holly Bluff, and Winterville and whose main occupation period occurred during the protohistoric period from 1500 to 1650 CE. Parts of the site were excavated by Clarence Bloomfield Moore in 1910 and 1911, and by Lauren Elizabeth Downs in 2007-2009.[1] The mounds are listed on the Mississippi Mound Trail.[2]

Glass site
22 WR 502
Glass site is located in Mississippi
Glass site
Location within Mississippi today
LocationVicksburg, Mississippi,  USA
RegionWarren County, Mississippi
Coordinates32°13′46.49″N 90°56′10.032″W
History
CulturesPlaquemine culture
Site notes
Excavation dates1910-1911, 2007-2009
ArchaeologistsClarence Bloomfield Moore, Lauren Elizabeth Downs
Responsible body: private

Site chronology

The Glass site sits on the northern edge of the area covered by the Natchez Bluff phase, immediately south of the Yazoo Basin phase area and across the Mississippi River from the Tensas Basin area. While it was lightly occupied during the earlier Marksville and Coles Creek eras; its main period of occupation was during the protohistoric Emerald phase from 1500 to 1650 CE. This era saw its florescence as a major civic center and the construction of the platform mounds. It was inhabited during the time of the de Soto entrada down the Mississippi in 1543 and is considered a possible candidate for the polity of "Quigualtam" or the unnamed group encountered by the expedition below Quigualtam; both of whom fiercely attacked the Spaniards as they drifted down the river. It was no longer in use by the time of sustained European contact when the French arrived in the 1680s.[1]

CultureNatchez Bluffs phasesYazoo Basin phasesTensas Basin phasesDates
Historic era Natchez Russell (Tunica) Taensa 1650-1750 CE
Plaquemine/
Mississippian		 Emerald Wasp Lake Transylvania 1500-1650 CE
Foster Lake George Fitzhugh 1350-1500 CE
Anna Winterville Routh 1200-1350 CE
Coles Creek Crippen Point Gordon Preston 1000-1200 CE
Balmoral Kings Crossing Balmoral 850-1000 CE
Ballina Aden Saranac 700-850 CE
Baytown Sundown Bayland Sundown 550-700 CE
Hamiton Deasonville Marsden 300-550 CE
Marksville Issaquena Issaquena Issaquena/Johnson 100-300 CE
Grand Gulf Anderson Landing Point Lake 100 BCE-100 CE

See also

References
  1. Downs, Lauren Elizabeth (2012). The Glass Site (22Wr502): An investigation of Plaquemine culture architecture, occupation, and interaction in the northern portion of the Natchez Bluffs region, Mississippi (PDF) (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved 2018-01-27 – via ProQuest.
  2. "Mississippi Mound Trail". Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
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