Glogonj

Throughout its history, Glogonj was colonized during several different periods.[3] The first of these occurred during Austro-Hungarian rule with the arrival of German inhabitants.[4] In 1718 the Habsburg monarchy had captured much of the Banat Region from the Ottomans and by the 1760s, they were fortifying the border regions of the Banat with German-speaking colonists from all over Central Europe, (Danube Swabians). The Danube River became the natural border between the Austrian Empire and Turkish-occupied Serbia. German-speaking Catholics began to settle in and around Glogon in the 1770s and 1780s to farm the land. A Catholic church (St. Anna) was first built during this era.[5] During the Autro-Turkish War (1788-1791) Glogon was burnt by Turkish forces and in 1790 it was raveged by cholera.[6]

Romanian settlers arrived in the early 19th century. In 1806 an Orthodox Church was built. In 1812, a nursery of fruit trees was established in Glogon.[7]

The population of Glogon for most of the 19th century was about a couple thousand people and most of the people spoke German. There was also a Romanian minority living there. After the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867, Glogon and the neighboring villages fell under Hungarian jurisdiction. The Hungarian name of the village was 'Galagonyás'.[8]

By the late 1890s and early 1900s, many young men and their families from Glogon, and the neighboring villages, left their homes to migrate to the United States and Canada to start a new life.[9]

After the end of WWI, with the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, Glogon and the surrounding areas of the Banat become part of the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes with Belgrade as its capital. German-speaking villages, such as Glogon, kept their autonomy [10][11]

In 1935, the village founded an amateur Football/Soccer Team, FK Glogonj.[12]

In April 1941, Nazi Germany Invaded Yugoslavia. The Panzer-Grenadier-Division 'Grossdeutschland' occupied Glogon and other surrounding villages as they captured Belgrade. The German Wehrmacht then placed the Serbian section of Yugolslavia under a military government. Ethnic German men in the Banat region were recruited to join the Wehrmacht or the newly-formed Waffen-SS unit Prinz Eugen.[13]

By mid-October 1944, the Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav Partisans captured Glogon and the surrounding villages during the 'Belgrade Offensive'. Some of the ethnic Germans in Glogon were shot and some of the women were raped and found dead. The new communist Yugoslav regime began reprisals and deprived all ethnic Germans of their citizenship and civil rights. On October 30, 1944, special detachments of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Committee shot 128 residents from Glogon on site. The surviving ethnic Germans were taken to labor camps in nearby areas, (such as Rudolfsgnad) where most would die of disease, starvation and the cold. The empty villages were fenced off, houses boarded up and remained abandoned for the rest of the war.[14][15]

After the war, the village was repopulated with Serbs and groups from undeveloped mountainous regions from the south. The new inhabitants moved into the old "Swabian houses" and were given possession of several square meters of land for farming.[4] During the Yugoslav era, some brief scenes in Yugoslav films were shot near the village, such as 'Aleksa Dundic' (1958) and 'The Mogols' (1961).[4][16] At the Tamis River just outside Glogonj a scene from the movie 'Ko to tamo peva' (Who's Singin' Over There?)(1980) was shot there. The area is now a picnic place with a poster of the movie.[17]

After the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, and the break-up of Yugoslavia in 1991, Glogonj was unaffected during the Yugoslav Wars. After the wars, ethnic German historians began to visit the Banat areas of their Danube-Swabian ancestors, such as in Glogonj. In the early 2000s a project was underway to renovate and repair the old German Roman Catholic cemetery outside of Glogonj. In June 2009, historian Anton Nahm, whose ancestors lived in Glogon, along with other political and church leaders, officially rededicated the cemetery and its new chapel.[18][19]

In 2012 a new Orthodox Chruch (St. Pater and Paul) was built in Glogonj[20]