Gombe State

Gombe State (Fula: Leyddi Gommbe 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤥𞥆𞤦𞤫; is a state in northeastern Nigeria, bordered to the north and northeast by the states of Borno and Yobe, to the south by Taraba State, to the southeast by Adamawa State, and to the west by Bauchi State. Gombe is the state capital of Gombe state and it was formed from a part of Bauchi State on 1 October 1996. Of the 36 states in Nigeria, Gombe is the 21st largest in area and the 32nd most populous, with an estimated population of about 3.25 million as of 2016.[4] The state bears a slogan "Jewel in the Savannah".[5]

Gombe State
State
Flag of Gombe State
Flag
Seal of Gombe State
Seal
Location of Gombe State in Nigeria
Location of Gombe State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 10°15′N 11°10′E
Country Nigeria
Date created1 October 1996
CapitalGombe
Government
 â€¢ BodyGovernment of Gombe State
 â€¢ GovernorMuhammad Inuwa Yahaya (APC)
 â€¢ Deputy GovernorManasseh Daniel Jatau (APC)
 â€¢ LegislatureGombe State House of Assembly
 â€¢ SenatorsC: Mohammed Danjuma Goje (APC)
N: Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo (PDP)
S: Anthony Yaro (PDP)
 â€¢ RepresentativesList
Area
 â€¢ Total18,768 km2 (7,246 sq mi)
 â€¢ Rank21st of 36
Population
 (2006 census)1
 â€¢ Total2,365,040[1]
 â€¢ Rank33rd of 36
GDP (PPP)
 â€¢ Year2021
 â€¢ Total$13.58 billion[2]
 â€¢ Per capita$3,553[2]
Time zoneUTC+01 (WAT)
ISO 3166 codeNG-GO
HDI (2021)0.408[3]
low · 34th of 37
Websitegombestate.gov.ng
^1 Preliminary results

Geographically, the state is within the tropical West Sudanian savanna ecoregion.[6] Important geographic features include the Gongola River — which flows through Gombe's north and east into Lake Dadin Kowa — and part of the Muri Mountains, a small range in the state's far south. Among the state's nature are a number of snake species, including carpet viper, puff adder, and Egyptian cobra populations along with hippopotamus, Senegal parrot, and grey-headed kingfisher populations.[7][8]

Ethnically, the State is inhabited by various ethnic groups, primarily the Fulani people living in the north and center of the state along with the Bolewa, Kanuri, and Hausa peoples, while the state's diverse eastern and southern regions are populated by the Cham, Dadiya, Jara, Kamo, Pero, Tangale, Tera, and Waja peoples. Religiously, between 65% and 70% of the state's populations are Muslims while the Christian minority comprises between 30% and 35%.[9]

In the pre-colonial period, the area that is now Gombe State was split up between various states until the early 1800s, the Fulani jihad seized much of the area and formed the Gombe Emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate. In the 1910s, British expeditions occupied the Emirate and the surrounding areas, incorporating them into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria before becoming independent as Nigeria in 1960.[10] Originally, modern-day Gombe State was a part of the post-independence Northern Region until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the North-Eastern State. After the North-Eastern State was split, Bauchi State was formed in 1976 alongside ten other states. Twenty years afterward, a group of LGAs in the Bauchi's west were broken off to form the new Gombe State.

Economically, Gombe State is largely based around agriculture, mainly of sorghum, maize, groundnuts, millet, beans, rice and tomatoes. Other key industries are services, especially in the city of Gombe, and the livestock herding of camels, cattle, goats, and sheep. Gombe has the fourth lowest Human Development Index and one of the lowest GDPs in the country.[11]

Gombe is the best and friendliest city for doing business due to its excellent modern infrastructure, secure and stable serenity, transparency and easier accessibility of information, regulatory environment, skills and labour and economic opportunities. These earned her the World Bank's yearly appraisal, "The Ease of Doing Business", in 2021 and 2023.[12]

Overview

The state has an area of 20,265 km2 and a population of around 2,365,000 people as of 2006.[1]

It was formed in October 1996, from part of the old Bauchi State by the Abacha military government.[13] The state is located in Nigeria's Guinea savannah and Sudan savannah belts. Undulating hills, sandy rocks, and a few volcanic rocks make up the landscape. Its location in the north eastern zone, right within the expansive savannah, allows the state to share common borders with the states of Borno, Yobe, Taraba, Adamawa and Bauchi.[14]

Gombe has two distinct climates, the dry season (November–March) and the rainy season (April–October) with an average rainfall of 850mm.[15]

Emirates

Gombe has 14 Emirates which include the following

Local Government Areas
See also: List of villages in Gombe State

Gombe State consists of eleven Local Government Areas. They are:

LGA Area (km2) Census 2006
population		 Administrative capital Postal
code
Akko 2,627 337,853 Kumo 771
Balanga 1,626 212,549 Tallase 761
Billiri 737 202,144 Billiri 771
Dukku 3,815 207,190 Dukku 760
Funakaye 1,415 236,087 Bajoga 762
Gombe 52 268,000 Gombe (city) 760
Kaltungo 881 149,805 Kaltungo 770
Kwami 1,787 195,298 Mallam Sidi 760
Nafada 1,586 138,185 Nafada 762
Shongom 922 151,520 Boh 770
Yamaltu/Deba 1,981 255,248 Deba 761

Demographics

Gombe State is a multi-ethnic society that consists of the majority Fulani tribe, who inhabit the Northern part of the Gombe State. They dominate 7 out of the 11 Local Government Areas of the state. This include Dukku, Kwami, Funakaye, Nafada, Akko, Yameltu deba and Gombe LGAs. Apart from the Fulani, there are also the Tangale, found in Billiri and Kaltungo areas. Other ethnicities include the Hausa, Tula, Tera (Yamaltu-Deba), Waja, Bolewa, and Kanuri, with their different cultural as well as lingual affiliations.[16]

Politics

The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The Capital city of the State is Gombe.[17]

Electoral system

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[18]

Languages

Languages of Gombe State listed by LGA:[19]

LGALanguages
AkkoFulani; Kanuri; Jukun; Tangale; Tera
BalangaBangwinji; Centúúm; Dadiya; Dera; Dikaka; Dza; Kyak; Longuda; Moo; Tangale; Tso; Waja
BilliriTangale, Fulani
DukkuFulani; Kanuri; Bolewa
FunakayeFulani; Kanuri; Tera
KaltungoAwak; Tangale; Tula; Kamo
KwamiFulani; Bolewa; Kanuri; Tera
NafadaFulani; Bolewa; Hausa
ShongomTangale; Kushi; Moo; Loo; Wurkun
Yamaltu-Deba

    Politics

    The State is headed by the Executive Governor Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya and also has 24 State House Assembly members. Gombe has 11 Local Government Areas and 14 Emirates/chiefdoms. It has 3 Senators and 6 Members in the National Assembly.[20]

    Governors

    This is a list of administrators and governors of Gombe State.

    Name Title Took office Left office Party
    Group Captain Joseph Orji Administrator 7 October 1996 Aug 1998 Military
    Abubakar Habu Hashidu Governor 29 May 1999 29 May 2003 APP
    Mohammed Danjuma Goje Governor 29 May 2003 May 2011 PDP
    Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo Governor May 2011 29 May 2019 PDP
    Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya Governor May 2019 Incumbent APC

    State agencies

    Water Board
    The main entrance of Gombe State Waterboard

    Gombe State Water Board is a State Government organisation that provides water for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. It is governed by a board of directors appointed by the state governor, with a chairman, a chief executive or chief manager, and nine other members.[21] They all serve on a part-time basis, other than the General Manager.[21]

    Gombe Geographic Information System

    Gombe Geographic Information System (GOGIS) is a digitalised land administrative system that carried out the process of determining, recording, disseminating information about land acquisition, ownership, its value and land management policies in Gombe State.

    Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority

    Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority (GOSPUDA) facilitates and enforces planning regulations for the development of the Gombe State by issuing and regulating building approval for individuals or organizations that wish to develop their land.

    Climate

    The dry season in Gombe is partly cloudy, and the city has year-round high temperatures. The wet season is unpleasant and overcast. The temperature rarely falls below 52 Â°F or rises over 105 Â°F throughout the year, often ranging from 57 Â°F to 100 Â°F.[22][23][24]

    Afforestation

    The Gombe State Government has started a four million tree planting programme as part of a renewed effort to stop deforestation in the North Central Zone.

    It is anticipated that the four-year plan, which would be implemented in parts, will last. The first part of the scheme has already seen the government plant 1.3 million tree saplings.[25][26][27]

    Flood Control

    As a result of these studies, the state government has taken preventive steps to lessen the impact of the impending floods and other environmental problems that are expected to hit the state.

    In order to protect people and property while minimising the effects of upcoming weather events and their potentially fatal consequences, Governor Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya has ordered the Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources to coordinate with pertinent stakeholders and activate state emergency response and management resources.[28][29]

    Erosion

    Gombe State is still reeling from the devastating effects of a gully erosion that destroyed farmlands worth millions of Naira and damaged more than 200 homes. Despite state government efforts to lessen its effects, gully erosion, which particularly affected the Bogo neighborhood within the city, is continuing.[30][31]

    Air Pollution

    The Gombe quality of the air is acceptable, but for a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution, some pollutants may pose a moderate health risk.[32][33][34]

    Sports

    Notable people
    See also: List of governors of Gombe State

    Economy

    Most of the population in Gombe State are farmers. Both food and cash crops are produced by them. Yam, cassava, maize, tomatoes, and groundnuts are some of its food crops, while cotton is grown for each.

    These goods supply the raw materials for the state's agricultural industries, including the groundnut oil mill, cotton gin, and tomato plant. Cement production, furniture manufacturing, block production, and other small-scale businesses are additional industries. Gombe has natural resources like Uranium, Gypsum, and Limestone.

    Recently, Petroleum deposits were reported to have been discovered in the state.[41]

    See also

    References
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    2. Okeowo, Gabriel; Fatoba, Iyanuoluwa, eds. (13 October 2022). "State of States 2022 Edition" (PDF). Budgit.org. BudgIT. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
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    9. Higazi, Adam; Lar, Jimam (February 2015). "Articulations of belonging: The politics of ethnic and religious pluralism in Bauchi and Gombe States, North-East Nigeria". Cambridge University Press. 85 (1): 103–130. doi:10.1017/S0001972014000795. S2CID 144713143. ProQuest 1647755004. Retrieved 19 August 2023. In Gombe State, the population is estimated to be about 65 per cent to 70 per cent Muslim and 30 per cent to 35 per cent Christian
    10. Ikimẹ, Obaro (June 1974). "The British in Bauchi, 1901-1908: an episode in the British occupation and control of Northern Nigeria". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 7 (2): 271–290. JSTOR 41857013. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
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