Viceroy of Sichuan

The Viceroy of Sichuan, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of Sichuan Province and the Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Director of Civil Affairs, was one of eight regional viceroys in China proper during the Qing dynasty. As its name suggests, the Viceroy of Sichuan had control over Sichuan (Szechuan) Province, as well as modern Chongqing Municipality, which was split off in 1997.

Map of viceroys in Qing Dynasty of China
Viceroy of Sichuan
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese四川總督
Simplified Chinese四川总督
Governor-General of Sichuan Province and the Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Director of Civil Affairs
(full title)
Traditional Chinese總督四川等處地方提督軍務、糧饟兼巡撫事
Simplified Chinese总督四川等处地方提督军务、粮饟兼巡抚事
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᠰᡟᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ
ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ
Romanizationsycuwan i uheri kadalara amban

History

The origins of the Viceroy of Sichuan trace back to 1644, during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, with the creation of the office of the Provincial Governor of Sichuan (四川巡撫). Its headquarters were in Chengdu. In 1645, the Qing government created the Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan with Luo Xiujin (羅繡錦) as the first Viceroy overseeing both Huguang (present-day Hubei and Hunan) and Sichuan provinces.

In 1653, Sichuan was placed under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of the Three Borders in Shaanxi, which was subsequently renamed "Viceroy of Chuan and the Three Borders in Shaanxi" (川陝三邊總督) with Meng Qiaofang (孟喬芳) as the officeholder. In 1656, the office was divided into two separate Viceroys for Shaanxi and Sichuan. The Viceroy of Sichuan was based in Chongqing. In 1661, the Viceroy of Sichuan relocated its headquarters to Hanzhong.

In 1668, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the Viceroy of Huguang was abolished and merged into the Viceroy of Sichuan, which was then renamed "Viceroy of Chuan-Hu" (川湖總督) and based in Jingzhou. In 1670, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu relocated to Chongqing. Four years later, perhaps coinciding with the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu reverted to pre-1668, separating into the Viceroy of Huguang and Viceroy of Sichuan. In 1680, the Kangxi Emperor merged the Viceroy of Sichuan with the Viceroy of Shaanxi under the "Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan" (川陝總督), with its headquarters in Xi'an. In 1718, a separate Viceroy was created for Sichuan, so the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan stopped managing Sichuan. However, these changes were reversed in 1721.

In 1731, the Yongzheng Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan, with the latter headquartered in Chengdu.

In 1736, the Qianlong Emperor abolished the Viceroy of Sichuan and recreated the office of Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan. In 1748, during the campaign against the Jinchuan hill peoples in Sichuan, the Qianlong Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan. He merged the two Viceroys in 1759 but reversed the changes in the following year. The system had remained as such until the end of the Qing dynasty.

List of Viceroys of Sichuan

#NamePortraitStart of termEnd of termNotes
Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan
(1645–1652)
1Luo Xiujin
羅繡錦
16451652
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan and the Three Borders
(1653–1656)
2Meng Qiaofang
孟喬芳
16531654
3Jin Li
金礪
16541656
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1656–1661)
4Jin Li
金礪
16561656
5Ma Zhixian
馬之先
16561657
6Li Guoying
李國英
16571661
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1661–1667)
7Li Guoying
李國英
16611666
8Miao Cheng
苗澄
16661667
Viceroy of Chuan-Hu
(1668–1674)
9Liu Zhaoqi
劉兆麒
16681669
10Cai Yurong
蔡毓榮
16701682Stopped administering Sichuan in 1674
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1674–1680)
11Zhou Youde
周有德
16741674
12Yang Maoxun
楊茂勛
16791680
Viceroy of Shan-Shaan
(1680–1718)
13Hajan
哈占
16801683
14Hife
禧佛
16831686
15Tuna
圖納
16861688
16Gesitai
葛思泰
16881692
17Foron
佛倫
16921694
18Wuhe
吳赫
16941699
Silda
席爾達
16991701Acting Viceroy
19Gioro-Huaxian
覺羅華顯
17011704
20Boji
博霽
17041708
21Cišiu
齊世武
17081709
22Yin Tai
殷泰
17091713
23Ehai
鄂海
17131718
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1718–1721)
24Nian Gengyao
年羹堯
17181721
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1721–1731)
25Nian Gengyao
年羹堯
17211725
26Yue Zhongqi
岳鍾琪
17251729
27Jalangga
查郎阿
17291731
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1731–1735)
28Huang Tinggui
黃廷桂
17311735
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1736–1748)
29Jalangga
查郎阿
17361738
Liu Yuyi
劉於義
17361737Acting Viceroy
30Omida
鄂彌達
17381740
31Yengišan
尹繼善
17401742
32Martai
馬爾泰
17421743Acting Viceroy
33Qingfu
慶復
17431747
34Zhang Guangsi
張廣泗
17471748
Huang Tinggui
黃廷桂
1747Acting Viceroy
Furdan
傅爾丹
1748Acting Viceroy
35Fuheng
傅恆
1748Acting Viceroy
36Ts'ereng
策楞
1748
Yengišan
尹繼善
1748Acting Viceroy
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1748–1759)
37Ts'ereng
策楞
17481753
38Huang Tinggui
黃廷桂
17531755
39Kaitai
開泰
17551759
Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan
(1759–1760)
40Kaitai
開泰
17591760
Viceroy of Sichuan
(1760–1911)
41Kaitai
開泰
17601763
42Obi
鄂弼
17631763
43Artai
阿爾泰
17631770
Agui
阿桂
17641764Acting Viceroy
44Defu
德福
17701771
45Artai
阿爾泰
17711771
46Wenshou
文綬
17711771
47Guilin
桂林
17711772
48Artai
阿爾泰
17721772
49Wenshou
文綬
17721772
50Liu Bingtian
劉秉恬
17721773
Fulehun
富勒渾
17721772Acting Viceroy
51Fulehun
富勒渾
17731776
52Wenshou
文綬
17761781
53Fuk'anggan
福康安
17811783
54Li Shijie
李世傑
17831787
55Baoning
保寧
17861787
56Li Shijie
李世傑
17871789
57Sun Shiyi
孫士毅
17891790
58Ohūi
鄂輝
17901791
59Xianling
憲齡
17911793
60Fuk'anggan
福康安
17931794
61Heliyen
和琳
17941796
Sun Shiyi
孫士毅
17961796Acting Viceroy
62Funing
福寧
17961797
63Lebao
勒保
17981799
64Kuilun
魁倫
17991800
65Lebao
勒保
18001810
66Changming
常明
18101817
Li Luanyi
李鑾宜
18171817Acting Viceroy
Dening'a
德寧阿
18171817Acting Viceroy
67Jiang Youxian
蔣攸銛
18171822
68Chen Ruolin
陳若霖
18221823
69Dai Sanxi
戴三錫
18231829
70Qishan
琦善
18291831
71Ošan
鄂山
18311838
72Gioro-Baoxing
覺羅寶興
18391846
73Qishan
琦善
18461849
74Xu Zechun
徐澤醇
18491852
75Huicheng
慧成
18521853
76Yurui
裕瑞
18531854
77Huang Zonghan
黃宗漢
18541856
78Wu Zhenyu
吳振棫
18561857
79Wang Qingyun
王慶雲
18571859
80Huang Zonghan
黃宗漢
18591859
81Zeng Wangyan
曾望顏
18591860
82Chongshi
崇實
18601861
83Luo Bingzhang
駱秉章
18611867
84Wu Tang
吳棠
18671875
Wenge
文格
18751875Acting Viceroy
85Li Hanzhang
李瀚章
18751876
86Ding Baozhen
丁寶楨
18761886
87Liu Bingzhang
劉秉璋
18861894
88Tan Zhonglin
譚鍾麟
18941895
89Lu Chuanlin
鹿傳霖
18951897
Gongshou
恭壽
18971898Acting Viceroy
90Li Bingheng
李秉衡
18971897Never assumed office
91Yulu
裕祿
18971898
92Kuijun
奎俊
18981902
Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊
19021903Acting Viceroy
93Xiliang
錫良
19031907
Zhao Erfeng
趙爾豐
19071907Acting Viceroy
94Zhao Erxun
趙爾巽
19071907Never assumed office
95Chen Kuilong
陳夔龍
19071908
96Zhao Erxun
趙爾巽
19081911
Zhao Erfeng
趙爾豐
19111911Acting Viceroy
Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊
19111911Acting Viceroy; never assumed office
97Duanfang
端方
19111911Assassinated in office

References

    • Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese). Vol. 197–199.
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