Greeneocharis

Greeneocharis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. There are about 63 species and its native range extends from western U.S.A. down to northwestern Mexico and to western Argentina.[1] It is part of subtribe of Amsinckiinae.[2][3]

Greeneocharis
Cushion catseye (syn. Cryptantha circumscissa var. circumscissa) Greeneocharis circumscissa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Greeneocharis
Gürke & Harms
Species

See text.

Synonyms
  • Piptocalyx Torr.
  • Wheelerella G.B.Grant

It was once thought to be a either a subgenus or synonym of Cryptantha Lehm. ex G. Don,[2] before being segregated out due to molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Description

It is an annual herb, with cushion-like, roots,[4] which can have red-purple tinge.[5] It has branches ascending to erect on a slender stem, generally strigose (having straight hairs all pointing in more or less the same direction). The leaves are sessile, arranged alternate and congested at the branch tips. They are linear, oblanceolate, or narrowly oblong (in shape) and hairy. The inflorescence is spike-like cymes. They have flower bracts. The flower consists of calyx lobes which are fused at base,[4] and the tube is circumscissile in fruit (meaning it splits or opens along a circumference).[5] The white, corolla limb is 1–6 mm (0–0 in) in diameter with appendages present. After it has flowered it produces a fruit (or seed capsule), which has a pedicel 5–27 cm (2–11 in) 0-0.5 mm in fruit. The fruit axis is similar to the nutlet length. It can have between 2-4 nutlets, which are generally similar (or dissimilar), smooth to roughened and without ridges. The margin is rounded and has an attachment scar abutted near apex, forked and gapped at the base. The style is extended to or just below nutlet tips.[4]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet Greeneocharis is derived from California botanist Edward Lee Greene (1843–1915) and charis which means "beauty, delight".[6][7]

It was first published Nat. Pflanzenfam., Register on page 460 in 1899.[1]

Then in 1924, Ivan M. Johnston wrote that the genus of Oreocarya could be combined with Cryptantha. Edwin Blake Payson in 1927 (A Monograph of the section Oreocarya of Cryptantha, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:211-358) agreed with Johnston and he had four sections in Cryptantha: Eucryptantha (= Cryptantha), Geocarya, Krynitzkia (inclusive of Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, and Johnstonella), and Oreocarya. Larry Higgins (1971), another expert on the perennial taxa, published a revised monograph of Oreocarya, and agreed with Johnston and Payson on the inclusion of Oreocarya within Cryptantha, but also elevating the four sections of Johnston (1927) and Payson (1927) to subgenera.[8] Although they were sometimes still called synonyms of Cryptantha.[9]

In 2012, the phylogenetic relationship of members of the genus Cryptantha was carried out, based on dna sequencing analyses, it was then proposed that the resurrection of the following genera; Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, Johnstonella, and also Oreocarya.[5][10][3]

Species

2 accepted species;[1][6]

  • Greeneocharis circumscissa (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb.
    • Greeneocharis circumscissa var. circumscissa
    • Greeneocharis circumscissa var. hispida J.F.Macbr.
    • Greeneocharis circumscissa var. rosulata (J.T.Howell) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson
  • Greeneocharis similis (K.Mathew & P.H.Raven) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson

Distribution

The genus is found in the United States (within the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming) and also in north western Mexico and southern and northwestern Argentina.[1][6]

References
  1. "Greeneocharis Gürke & Harms | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  2. "Genus: Greeneocharis Gürke & Harms". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  3. Simpson, Michael G.; Guilliams, C. Matt; Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Mabry, Makenzie E.; Ripma, Lee (December 2017). "Phylogeny of the popcorn flowers: Use of genome skimming to evaluate monophyly and interrelationships in subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae)". Taxon. 66 (6): 1406–1420.
  4. "Greeneocharis". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  5. Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Simpson, Michael G. (2012). "Cat's Eyes and Popcorn Flowers: Phylogenetic Systematics of the Genus Cryptantha s. l. (Boraginaceae)". Systematic Botany. 37 (3): 738–757.
  6. "Greeneocharis Gürke & Harms". www.sci.sdsu.edu. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  7. Albert Brown Lyons Plant Names, Scientific and Popular: Including in the Case of Each Plant the Correct Botanical Name in Accordance with the Reformed Nomenclature, Together with Botanical and Popular Synonyms ... (1907), p. 148, at Google Books
  8. Higgins, Larry Charles (1969-06-01). "A revision of Cryptantha subgenus Or Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya". Brigham Young University - Provo. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  9. Stanley D. Jones, Joseph K. Wipff and Paul M. Montgomery Vascular Plants of Texas: A Comprehensive Checklist Including Synonymy ... (1997), p. 225, at Google Books
  10. SIMPSON, MICHAEL G.; MABRY, MAKENZIE E.; HASENSTAB-LEHMAN, KRISTEN (12 December 2019). "Transfer of four species of Cryptantha to the genus Johnstonella (Boraginaceae)". Phytotaxa. 425 (5).

Other sources
  • Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora.
  • Johnston, I. M. 1927. Studies in the Boraginaceae VI. A revision of the South American Boraginoideae. Contr. Gray Herb. 78:31.
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