Gregory IV of Constantinople

Gregory IV
Gregory IV
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Church	Church of Constantinople
Appointed	12 April 1623
Term ended	18 June 1623
Predecessor	Cyril Lucaris
Successor	Anthimus II
Personal details
Born	unknown
Died	after 1623
Previous post(s)	Metropolitan of Amasya

Gregory IV (Greek: Γρηγόριος Δ΄) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for two months in 1623.

Life

Before he was elected as Patriarch of Constantinople, Gregory IV was Metropolitan of Amasya. At the time of his election, he was old and blind in one eye, and so he was given the sobriquet Stravoamaseias (Greek: Στραβοαμασείας), i.e. the blind of Amasya.[1]

His short reign has to be considered in the context of the clash between the pro-Calvinist Patriarch Cyril Lucaris, supported by the Protestant Dutch and English ambassadors to the Ottoman capital, and his opponents supported by the Catholic French, Austrian and Venetian ambassadors. The latter were successful at persuading the Grand Vizier to depose Cyril Lucaris on 12 April 1623 and to appoint in his place Gregory IV, the head of the pro-Western faction.[2]

Eugenia Kermeli reports, "In 1623, the metropolitan of Amaseia Gregory promised [the French ambassador] Cécy to appoint metropolitans friendly to Rome in case he was elected."[3]

Gregory IV proved to be incompetent and could not pay the appointment fee (peshtesh) due to the Ottoman Sultan.[2] Further the Metropolitans and the bishops were unsatisfied with him because he had not been canonically elected by the Holy Synod. Thus, on 18 June 1623, the Holy Synod deposed Gregory IV and formally elected Anthimus II in his place.[1]

After his deposition, Gregory IV was exiled to the island of Rhodes.[4] The date of his death is not known.

References

C. Emerau (1926). "Lucar Cyrille". Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique. Vol. 9. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. 1005-6.
Frazee, Charles (2006). Catholics and sultans : the church and the Ottoman Empire, 1453-1923. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-521-02700-4.
Kermeli, Eugenia (2017). "Kyrillos Loukaris' Legacy : Reformation as a catalyst in the 17th century Ottoman Society". The Muslim World. 107 (4): 737–753. doi:10.1111/muwo.12219.
Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.

Sources

Frazee, Charles A. (2006) [1983]. Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521027007.

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[DTC-1] C. Emerau (1926). "Lucar Cyrille". Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique. Vol. 9. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. 1005-6.

[Frazee-2] Frazee, Charles (2006). Catholics and sultans : the church and the Ottoman Empire, 1453-1923. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-521-02700-4.

[3] Kermeli, Eugenia (2017). "Kyrillos Loukaris' Legacy : Reformation as a catalyst in the 17th century Ottoman Society". The Muslim World. 107 (4): 737–753. doi:10.1111/muwo.12219.

[Kiminas-4] Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.

Bishops of Byzantium and patriarchs of Constantinople
Bishops of Heraclea/Byzantium Roman period (38-330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops of Constantinople Roman period (330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople Byzantine period (451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople Ottoman period (1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople Turkish period (since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile at Nicaea Christianity portal