Gryllidae

The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g. Imms[3]): taxa such as the spider-crickets and allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been elevated to family level.[lower-alpha 1] The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.[4]

Gryllidae
Temporal range:
Female Gryllus campestris
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Superfamily: Grylloidea
Family: Gryllidae
Laicharting, 1781[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Gryllides Laicharting, 1781
  • Mitratogryllus Furukawa, 1985 (nomen nudum)
  • Paragryllidae Desutter-Grandcolas, 1987

They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica).[2] The largest members of the family are the 5 cm (2 in)-long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep. The tree crickets (Oecanthinae) are delicate white or pale green insects with transparent fore wings, while the field crickets (Gryllinae) are robust brown or black insects.[5]

  1. Many taxa in the Ensifera may be called crickets sensu lato, including the Rhaphidophoridae – cave or camel crickets; Stenopelmatidae – Jerusalem or sand crickets; Mogoplistidae – scaly crickets; Gryllotalpidae – mole crickets; Anabrus – Mormon crickets; Myrmecophilidae – ant crickets; and Tettigoniidae – the bush crickets or katydids.

Subfamilies

The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):[2]

  • Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets
    • Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781
    • Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986 monotypic: Gryllomimus Chopard, 1936 (Africa)
    • Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
    • †Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985
      • †Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ?Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
      • †Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
      • †Cratogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
      • †Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
      • †Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
      • †Nanaripegryllus Martins-Neto 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
    • Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
    • Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
    • Sclerogryllinae Gorochov, 1985
  • Subfamily group Podoscirtinae
  • Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
  • Subfamily Oecanthinae Blanchard, 1845 – tree crickets
  • Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
    • genus †Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
    • genus †Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
    • genus †Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019[6] Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
    • genus †Gryllidium Westwood, 1854
    • genus †Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
    • genus Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placement[7])
    • genus †Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
    • genus †Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • genus †Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian

See also

References
  1. Laicharting JN von (1781) Verzeichnis und Beschreibung der Tyroler Insecten 1.
  2. "Family Gryllidae (Laicharting, 1781)". Orthoptera Species File. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  3. Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.
  4. Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.
  5. Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. pp. 232–236. ISBN 978-0-08-092090-0.
  6. Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae: 56-63.
  7. Orthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936
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